• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2000

Purpose: Re-188-Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new cost-effective agent for systemic radioisotope therapy of metastatic bone pain. We investigated the influence of carrier for labeling and biodistribution of Re-188-HEDP using HEDP kit with or without carrier ($KReO_4$). Materials and Methods: The kits (HEDP 15 mg, gentisic acid 4 mg and $SnCl_2.2H_2O_2$ 4.5 mg) with or without carrier ($KReO_4$ 0.1 mg) were labeled with Re-188 solution, made available from an in-house generator by boiling for 15 min. We compared the labeling efficiency and stability of carrier-added and carrier-free preparations of Re-188-HEDP Biodistribution and imaging studies of each preparation were performed in ICR mice ($1.85{\sim}3.7MBq/0.1ml$) and SD rats ($74.1{\sim}85.2MBq/0.5ml$). Results: The carrier-added preparation showed high labeling efficiency (95% at pH 5) and high stability in serum (88%, 3 hr). However, the carrier-free preparation showed low labeling efficiency (59% at pH 5) and low stability (43%, 3 hr). The carrier-added preparation showed high uptake in bone and low uptake in stomach and kidneys. However, the carrier-free preparation showed lower uptake in bone and higher uptake in both stomach and kidneys, which is supposed to be due to released perrhenate. The carrier-added preparation also showed better images with higher skeletal accumulation, lower uptake in other organs and lower soft tissue uptake than the carrier-free preparation. Conclusion: The results of these studies clearly demonstrate that addition of carrier perrhenate is required for high labeling efficiency, stability, bone uptake and good image quality of Re-188-HEDP.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate hull colorant as a natural hair coloring dye. The extract of pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried to get colorant powder. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on the dye uptake of hair by using Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Sn compounds, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength was measured and the surface of the hair was observed. Dye uptake of hair measured by K/S value (400 nm) indicated that ionic bonding seems to be involved in the sorption of pomegranate colorant to hair. Maximum sorption was obtained at pH 3.5 and the concentration of 50% (on the weight of hair, o.w.h.). Acidic dyeing condition (pH $3.5{\sim}5.0$) showed yellow color however alkaline dyeing condition (pH $7{\sim}11$) gave reddish yellow color. Pomegranate hull colorant produced greyish brown color on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordants except Fe did not increase dye uptake significantly. Mordants except Cu increased light fastness and mordants except Cr increased washing fastness level slightly. According to SEM observation and the tensile strength retention measurement, the mordant dyed hair gave more damage to hair by ultraviolet light and washing than the hair dyed without mordanting. Experimental results of K/S value and colorfastness(light and washing) supported that pomegranate hull colorant without mordanting can be used as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2017

The ability of dead cells of endophytic Drechslera hawaiiensis of Morus alba L. grown in heavy metals habitats for bioremoval of cadmium ($Cd^{2+}$), copper ($Cu^{2+}$), and lead ($Pb^{2+}$) in aqueous solution was evaluated under different conditions. Whereas the highest extent of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ removal and uptake occurred at pH 8 as well as $Pb^{2+}$ occurred at neutral pH (6-7) after equilibrium time 10 min. Initial concentration 30 mg/L of $Cd^{+2}$ for 10 min contact time and 50 to 90 mg/L of $Pb^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ supported the highest biosorption after optimal contact time of 30 min achieved with biomass dose equal to 5 mg of dried died biomass of D. hawaiiensis. The maximum removal of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ equal to 100%, 100%, and 99.6% with uptake capacity estimated to be 0.28, 2.33, and 9.63 mg/g from real industrial wastewater, respectively were achieved within 3 hr contact time at pH 7.0, 7.0, and 6.0, respectively by using the dead biomass of D. hawaiiensis compared to 94.7%, 98%, and 99.26% removal with uptake equal to 0.264, 2.3, and 9.58 mg/g of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$, respectively with the living cells of the strain under the same conditions. The biosorbent was analyzed by Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis to identify the various functional groups contributing in the sorption process. From FT-IR spectra analysis, hydroxyl and amides were the major functional groups contributed in biosorption process. It was concluded that endophytic D. hawaiiensis biomass can be used potentially as biosorbent for removing $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ in aqueous solutions.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to compare the anticarious effect of the different fluoride adsorbed(Naf, $NH_4F, Na_2PO_3F, SnF_2, TiF_4$) on synthetic hydroxyapatite and enamel. The amount of fluoride adsorbed in synthetic hydroxyapatite under various concentrations and pH of these fluoride solutions was measured by specific electrode. Enamel samples treated with 5 kinds of 1,000ppm fluoride solutions for 10 minutes were evaluated for fluoride uptake and enamel soubility. The results were as follows. 1. The adsorption of fluoride on synthetic hydroxyapatite increased gradually by the concentration of the fluoride solution, In 1,000ppm fluoride solution, the adsorption of fluoride on synthetic hydroxyapatite treated with NH4F and NaF solutions at pH 4.0 was relatively higher than that of other fluoride solutions. In NH4F and NaF solutions, the adsorption of fluoride on powdered enamel was higher at pH 4.0 solution than at pH 7.0 solution. 2. Fluoride uptake from NH4F solution was relatively high. But that from $Na_2PO_3F$ solution was lower than those from other fluoride solutions. 3. Fluoride solutions were significantly effective on enhancing acid resistance. $NH_4F$ solution was relatively more effective than others on enhancing acid resistance. 4. $SnF_2 and TiF_4$ solutions had the same effect on fluoride adsorption, fluoride uptake, and enamel solubility.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.498-505
• /
• 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurological disorder characterized by the deterioration of motor neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate alteration of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT-1) activity in the transport of lysine and the pretreatment effect of lysine on pro-inflammatory states in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cell line. The mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporter 1 was lower in NSC-34/hSOD1^G93A (MT) than the control cell line (WT), lysine transport is mediated by CAT-1 in NSC-34 cell lines. The uptake of [³H]L-lysine was Na⁺-independent, voltage-sensitive, and strongly inhibited by inhibitors and substrates of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (system y⁺). The transport process involved two saturable processes in both cell lines. In the MT cell line, at a high-affinity site, the affinity was 9.4-fold higher and capacity 24-fold lower than that in the WT; at a low-affinity site, the capacity was 2.3-fold lower than that in the WT cell line. Donepezil and verapamil competitively inhibited [³H]L-lysine uptake in the NSC-34 cell lines. Pretreatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased the uptake of [³H]L-lysine and mRNA expression levels in both cell lines; however, the addition of L-lysine restored the transport activity in the MT cell lines. L-Lysine exhibited neuroprotective effects against pro-inflammatory states in the ALS disease model cell lines. In conclusion, studying the alteration in the expression of transporters and characteristics of lysine transport in ALS can lead to the development of new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.183-186
• /
• 2000

Recombinant E. coli JM109(pZH3-5/pMT) harboring manganese transport gene(mntA) and metal sequestering protein, metallothionein(MT), was cultivated to accumulate cadmium in aqueous phase. Bioaccumulation followed Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Equilibrium isotherm showed Langmuir type isotherm. IPTG induction cell showed fast $Cd^{2+}$ uptake and had higher uptake rate than wild type and no-induced cell. The optimum pH and temperature for $Cd^{2+}$ uptake was 7 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Manganese (0.01M) inhibited the $Cd^{2+}$ accumulation. However, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ did not affect the $Cd^{2+}$ bioaccumulation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2006

Walnut colorants were extracted from walnut hull and their dyeing properties on cotton were investigated. Effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake and effect of mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Walnut colorants showed low affinity to cotton compared with wool and its isotherm adsorption curve was Freundlich type. It was considered that hydrogen bonding and van der Waal's force were involved in the adsorption of walnut colorants onto cotton. The dyed cotton showed YR color and there was no significant color change as pH changed. The dyed cotton showed generally high colorfastness except fastness to washing and light. Mordanting did not improve dye uptake and colorfastness, and not affect color of the dyed cotton significantly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.391-395
• /
• 2000

To establish the usefulness of oxytocin (OT) as an analgesic for women in delivery, the pharmacokinetic parameters and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of [$^3H$] OT were obtained using an intravenous injection technique or the internal carotid artery perfusion/capillary depletion (ICAP/CDM) method. Brain uptake of OT was similar to that of sucrose, plasma space marker, indicating that OT has a poor BBB permeability. Moreover, the analgesic effects of OT injected through the jugular vein on nociception were evaluated by the tail-flick method. The antinociceptive effects of OT injected at a dose of 0.2 ${m}g/kg$or 2 ${m}g/kg$ were dose-dependent. In addition, the analgesic effects of OT on the CNS were unaffected by naloxone, a m-receptor antagonist. In a similar manner to the opioid system, OT may play a modulatory role in antinociception.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.473-481
• /
• 2016

We examined the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and eutrophication on the physiology of a red alga, Gracilariopsis chorda, using specimens collected at Wando Island, Korea, in July of 2015. The samples were transported to a laboratory and placed on growth media for treatments involving low or high levels of ammonium ($4{\mu}M$ or $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$) and low or high pH(7.5 or 8.2). The control treatment used filtered seawater (pH 8.2 and $4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$). All experiments were conducted at $20^{\circ}C$ and under a lighting intensity of $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, with or without an injection of $CO_2$ (pH 7.5). In addition, we calculated rates of respiration under darkness, at a pH of 7.5 and $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$. Fluctuations in pH as well as the evolution of photosynthetic oxygen and $NH_4{^+}$ uptake rates were monitored for 6 h. The greatest increase in pH levels, from 7.50 to 8.65, occurred in response to $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, whereas the largest decrease, from 7.50 to 7.42, was associated with elevated respiration rates. At a pH of 7.5, rates of oxygen evolution were higher (236% saturation) for samples treated with $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$ than for the control (121% saturation). Ammonium uptake was highest at pH 7.5 and $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, with a rate of $0.526{\pm}0.002{\mu}mol\;g^{-1}\;FW\;h^{-1}$, followed in order by the treatments of $pH\;8.2/60{\mu}\;NH_4{^+}$, $pH\;7.5/4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, and the control ($pH\;8.2/4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$). We speculated that the rates of photosynthesis and $NH_4{^+}$ uptake could be enhanced at a higher ammonium concentration and lower pH because $CO_2$ concentrations were increased through greater photosynthetic activity. Therefore, these findings suggest that the physiology of G. chorda populations can be improved by the interaction of optimized $CO_2$ concentrations and an adequate supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2013

A suitable supply of mineral elements into shoot via a root system from growth media makes plants favorable growth and yield. The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological reactions to plants and, especially, strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake and synthesis and translocation of soluble carbohydrates in N, P or K-deficient tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Four-weeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with suboptimal N ($0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;Ca(NO_3)2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and $0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;KNO_3$), P ($0.05mmol\;L^{-1}\;KH_2PO_4$), and K ($0.5mmol\;L^{-1}\;KNO_3$) for 30 days. The deficiency of specific mineral element led to a significant decrease in its concentration and affected the concentration of other elements with increasing treatment period. The appearance of the reduction, however, differed slightly between elements. The ratios of N uptake of each treatment to that in NPK sufficient tomato shoots were 4 (N deficient), 50 (P deficient), and 50% (K deficient). The P uptake ratios were 21 (N deficient), 19 (P deficient), and 28% (K deficient) and K uptake ratios were 11 (N deficient), 46 (P deficient), and 7% (K deficient). The deficiency of mineral elements also influenced on carbohydrate metabolism; soluble sugar and starch was substantially enhanced, especially in N or K deficiency. In conclusion, mineral deficiency leads to an adverse carbohydrate metabolism such as immoderate accumulation and restricted translocation as well as reduced mineral uptake and thus results in the reduced plant growth.