• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2012

In this study, commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film was dyed with reactive dichroic dyes under mild conditions using organic solvents in stead of strong basic aqueous solution. After drawing of 500% of this PVA film, the polarizing efficiency and the single piece transmittance were measured. The degree of saponification of the commercialized PVA film was determined by using NMR and FT-IR spectromety. The commercial PVA film, with ca. 100% of the degree of saponification determined by NMR spectrometry, was dyed with the reactive dichroic dyes, which have 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-triazine moiety. As a result, we found that the PVA film dyed with the reactive congo red showed relatively good polarization efficiency, and the PVA film dyed with the reactive direct black 22 exhibited relatively good single piece transmittance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.298-301
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• 2015

A new Hibiscus syriacus variety, 'Dasom', was developed by radiation breeding using gamma ray exposure at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Seeds of the original variety, 'Hongsun', were collected in 1993. These seeds were irradiated at 100 Gy dose and $M_1$ seeds were planted in a field of the KAERI in 1994. Lines with preferred flower color that were going to be used for street trees were initially selected in 1998. Analyses of characteristics were conducted from 2005 to 2010. The 5-year-old 'Dasom' plants were approximately 106 cm in height and averaged 19 branches, and thus were suitable for street trees. The flowers of 'Dasom' were semi-double type with medium red color and red eye spots. Petal length and width were about 4.0 cm and 3.3 cm, respectively. Flower diameter was slightly small, at about 5.8 cm, because of highly overlapping petals. The flowering period of 'Dasom' was about 105 days, which was 6 days shorter than that of the original variety, 'Hongsun'. However, the main charactersistics of 'Dasom' including leaf shape were similar to those of the original variety, 'Hongsun'.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

In the present study, we investigated the quality, sensory characteristics and commercialization potential of a rice collet snack made with the addition of dried shrimp. “Mild” and “spicy” snack products were produced with an edible oil coating and mixed seasoning powder coating, respectively. The approximate composition of the mild and spicy snacks, respectively, were 2.44% and 2.24% for moisture, 8.52% and 8.64% for crude protein, 18.36% and 26.54% for crude lipids, 1.28% and 1.38% for ash, 1.1% and 1.2% for salt, and 0.61 and 0.62 for pH. The L (lightness), a (redness), b (yellowness), and ⊿E (color difference) values were higher for the mild snack than the spicy snack. The mild and spicy snack had values of 7,776.4 and 7,655.8 mg/100 g for total amino acids, and 221.6 and 253.5 mg/100 g for total free amino acids, respectively. The TBA (thiobarbituric acid) value did not differ significantly between the two types of snack. The hardness value of the spicy snack was higher than that of the mild snack, but there were no significant differences in flavor between the two products. The sensory evaluation score of the spicy snack was slightly higher than that of the mild snack. Organoleptic inspection indicated that both snacks had a favorable, unique taste.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.307-307
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• 2009

우리나라에서 농가단위 경축순환농업 모델에 대한 조사와 농장내 순환구조에서 양분수지를 조사한 사례도는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 경축연계 자원순환 유기농업농가의 실천사례 발굴하고, 실천모델별 축산형태 및 경종형태를 조사하여 경종부분의 양분순환과 양분수지를 조사하고자 하였다. 발굴된 농가단위 경축순환농업 사례는 3가지 형태로 모두 한우를 11~21두 범위에서 사육하는 동시에 $15,510m^2$의 밭농사를 수행하는 농가, $8,019m^2$의 밭농사와 $8,250m^2$ 논농사를 동시에 수행하는 농가, $26,400m^2$의 논농사만 수행하는 농가들이었다. 각 모델에서 배합사료는 모두 외부에서 구입하고 있었으며 조사료의 자급율은 25 ~ 100%인 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 한우 20두와 논농사 $26,400m^2$를 경영하는 농가에서 조사료(볏짚)의 100%를 자급하였고 동시에 한우사육과정에서 발생한 자급퇴비를 전량 논농사에 사용하여 유기농 벼농사를 유지하고 있었다. 밭농사를 함께 수행하는 농가에서는 자급퇴비 외에 외부로부터 유박비료 및 발효유기질비료를 구입하여 양분을 충당하고 있었다. 각 농가의 토양이화학성을 분석한 결과 pH는 5.49~7.61, 유기물 함량은 1.37~1.40%, 유효인산 함량 253.32~329.63 mg/kg, 칼륨 0.24~0.3, 칼슘 3.97~10.1, 마그네슘 0.89~1.77 $Cmol^+$/kg, CEC는 7.92~11 $Cmol^+$/kg 이었므며 토양내 잔류농약은 검출되지 않았다. 농가별로 발생한 우분퇴비의 성분 분석결과는 전질소 0.68 ~ 0.73%, 전인산 0.68 ~ 0.86%, 칼륨 0.70~0.78% 수준이었다. 각 사례농가별 투입한 실제시비량, 토양분석결과와 사용된 자재의 성분 분석결과를 이용한 시비처방법에 따른 시비량 및 표준시비법에 따른 시비량을 산출하여 3요소의 양분수지를 계산하였다. 이와 함께 유기질비료의 무기화율을 감안한 시비량도 산출하였다. 양분수지를 분석한 결과 3농가 모두 실제시비량은 3요소 모두 초과 되는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 인산과 칼륨이 2배정도 초과되는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 투입된 자급퇴비 및 유기질비료의 무기화율을 감안한 시비량으로 환산할 경우에는 질소성분이 3농가 모두 부족한 것으로 산출되었으며, 인산과 가리 성분은 충분하거나 초과되는 것으로 계산되었다. 농장내 축산경영을 통해 발생하는 자급퇴비만을 이용할 경우에 경종부문의 양분수지를 산출한 결과를 보면 실제시비량 기준으로 질소는 56~186%, 인산은 90~346%, 칼륨은41~221%로 양분수지가 달라졌으며, 무기화를 감안한 기준으로는 질소는 16~53%, 인산은 52~197%, 칼륨은 41~221%로 양분수지가 달라졌다. 소규모 유기농가단위 경축연계 자원순환 모델 연구를 통해 유기경종농업이 유지될 수 있으나, 3요소별 양분수지의 불균형이 발생할 수 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 유기질비료의 특성상 무기화율을 감안한 시비량을 적용할 경우에는 질소 성분의 부족과 동시에 인산, 칼륨 성분의 과다가 예측되었다. 따라서 이러한 성분의 불균형을 조정할 시비체계 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 농촌진흥청의 "유기가축사양 및 유기 순환체계모델" 연구사업의 세부과제로 수행한 1년차 결과입니다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

To determine the actual hygienic status of domestic chicken meats sold in public markets (conventional markets and department stores), microbial contamination levels (Total cells, Coliforms and Staphylococcal cells) and zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, Listeria species, and Staphylococcus aureus) isolation tests were conducted. Chicken meats and eggs tested were collected from the conventional markets (Si-Jang) and department-stores located in Seoul and Kyung-gi regions in 1996. In total cells and coliforms contamination tests, chicken meats sold in department stores were much lesser contamination status than those of Si-Jang, but staphylococcal cells level was much more higher than that of conventional markets. Salmonella isolation frequency was investigated as $68.8\%$, but Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes isolation frequency were appeared both $64.0\%\;and\;63.3\%$. In case of eggs sold in public markets, one of S. gallinarum strain $(0.7\%)$ was isolated only on the egg-shell part among the four-hundred and fourty-six. In comparison with foreign imported chicken meats, there were no big differences in microbial contamination status. On the other hand, both Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were isolated only in the chicken wings from Korea and China, but not from U.S.A. This data suggest that more hygienic control system in order to produce the safe and hygienic chicken meats and eggs is need in our country as soon as possible.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2015

Olive flounder contains rich amount of lysine which is required for children's growth. Moreover, it is good foodstuffs for elderly, convalescent and diabetics because of low lipid content and high digestibility. This study was investigated for the purpose of obtaining basic data which can be applied to the processing of olive flounder steak. Olive flounder 100 g were chopped, mixed with vegetable (onion 20%, celery 10%, carrot 15%, garlic 1% of chopped olive flounder meat) and ingredient (bread crumbs 20 g, onion 15 g, celery 10 g, egg 1 ea, tarragon 1/2 t, blanc sauce 20 g, fresh cream 20 mL, salt and pepper pinch). Mixed dough was molded into steak shape ($12{\times}7cm$) and was processed by two types of products, Steak-1 {Roasting for 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil and then vacuum packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, next thawed and warmed by microwave for 2 minutes} and Steak-2 {vacuum-packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, after thawed, roasted during 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil}. The factors such as pH, TBA value, amino-N, free amino acid, chemical composition, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the olive flounder steak (Steak-1, Steak-2) were measured. From the result of sensory evaluation, Steak-2 showed a bit more high scores than Steak-1 but it was difficult to distinguish significant difference (color, odor, taste, texture and acceptance) between Steak-1 and Steak-2 products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.732-741
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (B. papyrifera) silage on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, meat quality, and meat amino acids and fatty acids compositions in beef cattle. Methods: Sixty-four male Angus beef cattle were assigned to 4 groups with 4 pens in each group and 4 beef cattle in each pen, and fed with the total mixed ration supplemented with 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% B. papyrifera silage for 100 days (control group, 5% group, 10% group and 15% group) separately. Results: Beef cattle had significantly higher final body weight (BW) in 15% group, higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) in 5% group, 10% group and 15% group, and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 10% group and 15% group. Significantly higher blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration was noted in 15% group, higher blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 10% group and 15% group, lower 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 15% group. Meat had lower pH in 15% group, higher Commission International DeI'Eclairage (CIE) L^⋆ in 5% group, 10% group, and 15% group, and lower drip loss in 15% group. Greater concentration of meat polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed in 10% group and 15% group, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 15% group. Conclusion: Diet with 15% B. papyrifera silage could improve performance and increase final BW, ADG, DMI, and FCR, enhance the antioxidant functions by decreasing blood 8-OHdG and MDA and increasing blood SOD and TAC, improve the meat quality by lowing pH and drip loss and increasing CIE L^⋆, increase the meat PUFA and DHA concentration. Polyphenols and flavonoids might be the main components responsible for the antioxidant activity and anti-biohydrogenation in the B. papyrifera silage. And B. papyrifera silage could be used as a new feedstuff in beef cattle nutrition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.54-54
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• 1999

다이아몬드 합성시 질소 첨가는 Cn 화합물의 합성가능성을 비롯하여 다이아몬드의 질소 도핑, 성장 속도 및 결정성 변화 등 다양한 관점에서 중요한 의미를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다이아몬드의 일반적인 합성조건에서 질소를 첨가하여 합성된 막의 형상 및 상 변화에 대해 고찰하였다. 막은 다이아몬드 전처리시킨 Si 기판위에 microwave plasma CVD 장치를 이용하여 합성하였다. 유입되는 혼합가스(CH4+H2+N2)에서 N2 첨가량을 0-95%까지 변화시켰다. 이때 CH4 농도는 5%로 고정하였고, 합성온도는 90$0^{\circ}C$-115$0^{\circ}C$까지 변화시켰다. 이와 같이 합성된 막의 표면조직 및 성장 두께를 측정하기 위해 주사전자현미경을 이용하였다. 상의 분석은 Raman, XRD 및 TEM 분석을 이용하였으며, 조성분석을 위해 XPS 및 AES를 사용하였다. 질소 첨가량에 따라 합성된 막은 첨가하지 않은 경우에 다이아몬드 결정에서 시작하여 질소첨가에 따라 결정면이 깨지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 30%, 45%의 경우는 다시 결정면이 나타났다. 다량의 질소가 첨가되었을 때, 다시 결정면을 보이는 다이아몬드가 합성된 것은 매우 흥미로운 결과이다. 한편 질소와 메탄만의 기체하에서는 다시 결정면이 관찰되지 않았다. 이들 상의 구조는 XRD 및 TED 분석을 통해 모두 다이아몬드로 확인되었다. 기체내의 질소의 첨가에 관계없이 고상내에 질소는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 이방법에 의한 CN 화합물의 합성은 힘든 것으로 보여진다. 이들 실험 결과를 근거로 온도 및 조성에 따른 기체의 열역학적 계산을 통하여 합성거동과의 연관성을 검토하였다. anode는 매우 높은 충전용량을 갖는데 첫 번째 방전시에 Li2O를 생성하여 비가역적 반응을 나타내고 계속되는 충방전 동안 Li-Sn 합금이 생성되어 2차전지의 가역적 반응을 가능하게 한다. SnO2 는 대기중에서 Li 금속보다 안정하기 때문에 전지의 제작 공정 및 사용 면에서 매우 우수한 물질이지만 아직까지 SnO2 구조적 특성과 전지의 충, 방전 특성에 대한 관계의 규명을 위한 정확한 정설은 제시되고 있지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 TFSB anode 물질로써 SnOx박막을 상온에서 여러 전도성 콜렉터 위에 증착하여 그 충, 방전 특성을 보고하였다. 증착된 SnOx박막의 표면은 SEM, AFM으로 분석하였으며 구조의 분석은 XR와 Auger electron spectroscope로 하였다. 충, 방전 특성을 분석하기 위하여 리늄 foil을 대극과 참조 전극으로 하여 EC:DMC=1:1, 1M LiPF6 액체 전해질을 사용한 Half-Cell를 구성하여 100회 이상의 정전류 충, 방전 시험을 행하였다. Half-Cell test 결과 박막의 구조, 콜렉터의 종류 및 Sn/O비에 따라 서로 다른 충, 방전 거동을 나타내었다.다. 거의 없었다. 5mTorr 일 때가 가장 좋았다.수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로, RNA바이러스의 하나인 BVDV의 viral replicon을 이용하여 다양한 종류의 포유동물 세포에 유전자 발현벡터로써 사용할 수 있음으로 post-genomics시대에 다양한 종류의 단백질 기능연구에 맡은 도움이 되리라 기대한다.다양한 기능을 가진 신소재 제조에 있다. 또한 경제적인 측면에서도 고부가 가치의 제품 개발에 따른 새로운 수요 창출과 수익률 향상, 기존의 기능성 안료를 나노(na

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1977

Asparagine biosynthesis by soybean sprouts grown under the dark conditions has been demonstrated. The amount of free asparagine synthesized in ten day-old soybean sprouts increases to 22.7% on the dry weight base. The effects of nitrogen compounds such as $NH_4Cl,\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and urea on asparagine synthesis during the sprouting were examined and the results showed that urea was more effective than other two compounds. Glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase was partially purified (8.6 folds) through ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme was very labile and required protection by thiol groups or high level of glycerol. The mixture of ATP and $Mg^{++}$ ion also stabilized the enzyme activity. The enzyme utilized glutamine more effectively than ${NH_4}^+$ as an amide donor for the formation of asparagine. The enzyme required L-aspartate (Km=3.1 mM), L-glutamine, ATP and $Mg^{++}$. It showed pH optimum of 7.5 and catalyzed the formation of ${\beta}-aspartyl$ hydroxamate in the presence of L-aspartate, ATP, $Mg^{++}$ and $NH_2OH$ in the reaction mixture.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2015

This study was performed to survey and evaluate the contents of pH, total acidity, caffeine, harmful metals (Pb, Cd) and total polyphenol in coffee extraction. In total, coffee bean. Total fifty coffee samples were analysed. A 5 g portion of roasted ground coffee samples were extracted in coffee-maker with 100 mL of distilled water and the extraction were used in all experiments. The pH range was 4.72~5.25 (mean value = 4.99). According to increase of the roasting temperature, the pH were shown a tendency to increase. The contents of total acidity was 0.72~2.25% (mean value = 1.59%). According to increase of the roasting temperature, the contents of total acidity were shown a tendency to decrease. The contents of harmful metals (Pb, Cd) in coffee extractions were determined by ICP. The average contents of Pb and Cd were 0.0112 and 0.0011 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of caffeine in coffee extractions were determined by HPLC, the range of detection was 0.51~20.28 mg/mL (mean value = 12.29 mg/mL). According to increase of the roasting temperature, the contents of caffeine were shown a tendency to increase. The contents of total polyphenol in coffee extractions were determined by spectrophotometer, the range of detection was 18.88~43.90 mg/mL (mean value = 31.94 mg/mL). According to increase of the roasting temperature, the contents of total polypenol were shown a tendency to decrease.