• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.186-191
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• 2004

The variation of magnetic properties with insulating materials(glass frits, talc and polyamide) in compressed powder cores composed of Fe$\sub$73.5/Cu$_1$Nb$_3$Si$\sub$15.5/B$\sub$7/ nanocrystalline alloy powders(size: 250～850 $\mu\textrm{m}$) and 3 wt% insulators has been investigated. Larger permeability was obtained at the frequency lower than 300～400 kHz for the powder cores including ceramic insulators(glass frits and talc) as compared to the cores with polyamide, while at higher frequency than 1 MHz the permeability of the former cores decreased rapidly. Further the cores with ceramic insulators showed larger core loss and smaller peak quality factor attained at lower frequency. On the contrary, the powder cores with polyamide exhibited high stability of permeabilities up to several MHz and superior core-loss and quality-factor properties. Moreover the dc bias property was better in the wide field range for the cores having polyamide. The enhanced magnetic properties of polyamide-added cores were attributed to the more sufficient electrical insulation between magnetic particles, where the higher insulation state was considered to be obtained from the larger volume fraction of polyamide in the powder cores.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2020

Influenza viruses cause respiratory diseases in humans and animals with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional anti-influenza drugs are reported to exert side effects and newly emerging viral strains tend to develop resistance to these commonly used agents. Fritillaria thunbergii (FT) is traditionally used as an expectorant for controlling airway inflammatory disorders. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of FT extracts against influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. In the post-treatment assay, FT extracts showed high CC50 (7,500 ㎍/ml), indicating low toxicity, and exerted moderate antiviral effects compared to oseltamivir (SI 50.6 vs. 222) in vitro. Antiviral activity tests in ovo revealed strong inhibitory effects of both FT extract and oseltamivir against H1N1 replication in embryonated eggs. Notably, at a treatment concentration of 150 mg/kg, only half the group administered oseltamivir survived whereas the FT group showed 100% survival, clearly demonstrating the low toxicity of FT extracts. Consistent with these findings, FT-administered mice showed a higher survival rate with lower body weight reduction relative to the oseltamivir group upon treatment 24 h after viral infection. Our collective results suggest that FT extracts exert antiviral effects against influenza H1N1 virus without inducing toxicity in vitro, in ovo or in vivo, thereby supporting the potential utility of FT extract as a novel candidate therapeutic drug or supplement against influenza.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the effect of purified medical herb extracts such as Alisma canaliculatum and Polyporus umbellatuson adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hBMSCs). Methods: Two different medical herb were extracted using hot distilled water. The optimal concentration of extracts were fixed at 100 ng/ml by means of cell viability and cytotoxic assay. To test the adipogenic differentiation ability of extracts, we induced the adipogenesis of hBMSCs for 21 days. At day 5, the cell was harvested to check mRNA and protein expression level of adipogenic related factors. The efficacy of lipid droplet formation was evaluated using the oil-red O staining method at days 21. Results: Two different medical herb extracts have no toxicity on hBMSCs. And two different medical herb extracts significantly decreased formation of lipid droplet compared with control groups in hBMSCs. The A. canaliculatum extract group showed the lowest mRNA and protein expression level of adipossgenic related transcription factors. This data suggests that extract of A. canaliculatum and P. umbellata decrease the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that water-extract of A. canaliculatum and P. umbellata will be useful therapeutic reagents for prevention of obesity related disease such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and osteoporosis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2018

The leaves of Spiraea prunifolia were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ or ODS column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of two phenolic glucosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as isosalicin (1) and crenatin (2) based on spectroscopic analyses including Nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. Extracts were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS providing a short analysis time within 5 min using MRM technique. The concentration of crenatin was higher as 9.53 mg/g and isosalicin was lower as 0.65 mg/g. Neuroprotective effects of these compounds against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that exposure to $H_2O_2$ induced morphological changes, cell death and neurotoxicity in SK-N-MC cells. However, pretreatment with crenatin resulted in inhibition of morphological change, reduction of loss of cell viability and attenuation of neuronal damage. These results suggested that neuroprotective effect of crenatin isolated from S. prunifolia can be a good candidate for the development of health beneficial foods which can ameliorate the degenerative neuronal disease caused by oxidative stress.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1996

Condensed ethyl silicate(CES) solutions were prepared from $SiCl_4$ and ethanol which is different in water content(2.5, 5.0 and 7.0wt.% ). To investigate the sol-gel transition behaviors of CES and PHT(partially hydrolyzed TEOS) solutions, the measurement of volume change, density, $SiO_2$ content, intrinsic viscosity and number average molecular weight were conducted with elapsed time. The polymer shapes of CES were discussed from the relation between the intrinsic viscosity[$\eta$] and the number average molecular weight($\bar{Mn}$). CES-3 prepared from ethanol containing 7.0wt.% $H_2O$ had different sol-gel transition behaviors from CES-1 (2.5wt.% $H_2O$) and CES-2(5.Owt.% $H_2O$), but similar behaviors to those of PHT which is used for controlling the hydrolysis rata of TEOS when composite ceramic materials were manufactured from silicon alkoxides. On the basis of Mark-Hawink relation, $[{\eta}]=K\bar{Mn}^{{\alpha}}$, the polymer shape of CES solutions were determined linear siloxane polymers because all solutions had ${\alpha}$ values in the range from 0.53 to 0.84. Especially, CES-3 showed to be a favorable raw materials for composite ceramics due to its similar properties to those of PHT.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 1987

The physical properties, coliform groups, and nutrients were investigated to evaluate the sanitary Quality of the environmental water at Chinju area from May to October, 1986. The results were as follows : The pH ranged from 5.4 to 7.8 : water temperature ranged from 12.0 to $30.3^{\circ}C$ : electrical conductivity ranged from $0.51\times10^2\;to\;8.095\times10^2\mu\mho/cm$; chloride ion ranged from 3.6 to 126.8 mg/l, respectively. Especially, the concentration of the chloride ion at St.9 was 109mg/l which was higher than those of others. The $NO_3^--N$ ranged from 0.2336 to 14.1648 mg/l and the mean value was 5.4774 mg/l, the concentration of $NO_3^--N$ at St. 2 was higher as 40 times than that of St.4. The $PO_4^{3-}-P$ ranged from 0.0013 to 0.8315 mg/l, and the mean value was 0.0745 mg/l, the concentration of$PO_4^{3-}-P$ at St.8 was higher than that of others. The $SiO_2-Si$ ranged 1.7 to 15.28 mg/1 and the mean value was 5.81 mg/l. The value of St.8 and St.9 were higher than those of other stations but this value were lower $10\~13\;mg/l$ than the criterion for drinking water as 50 mg/l. The bacterial density of the spring waters ranged 9.1 to 4,600/100 ml (geometric mean : 205/100 ml) for total coliform 0 to 4s0/100 ml and 28.2/100 ml for fecal coliform. Composition of coliform was $38.2\%$ Escherichia coli, $25\%$ Entrobacter aerogenes, $13.2\%$ Citrobecter freundii and the others.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

Five kinds of red wine from three different grape varieties, Gerbong (G), Campbell (C), Moru (M), Gerbong+Moru (70:30, GM) and Gerbong+Campbell (70:30, GC), were prepared. Their chemical and microbiological changes were monitored during alcohol fermentation and aging. The changes of pH, brix and total acidity were $3.2{\sim}3.6,\;17.9{\sim}6.0$ and $2.4{\sim}4.6\;g/L$, respectively. The viable cell numbers of initial, stationary and death phases were $6.0{\times}10^6,\;1.0{\times}10^8$ and $7.0{\times}10^5\;cfu/mL$ during alcohol fermentation. The sugar fermentability, glucose and fructose contents were greatly decreased less than 0.2 g/L, and the final contents of ethanol and sulfur dioxide were $11.4{\sim}12.3%$ and $40{\sim}62\;mg/L$, respectively. The conversion ratios of malic acid to lactic acid were 23% (G), 67% (M), 28% (C), 33% (GM) and 39% (GC). The chemical characteristics of five red wine were significantly different in pH, total acidity, sulfur dioxide and lactic acid contents (p<0.05).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2001

Water environment and freshwater algae were studied in the upstream of the Tamjin River Dam. Among the environmental factors, DO concentration in the Tamjin River ranged from 9.0 mg $O_2/l$ to 9.2 mg $O_2/l$, pH from 7.0 to 7.1 and conductivity from $98{\mu}S/cm$ to $100{\mu}S/cm$. Average concentration of $NH_4$ and $NO_3$ ranged from $40{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $56{\mu}g\;N/l$ and from $489{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $611{\mu}g\;N/l$, respectively. $NO_3$ was more plentiful above 9~15 fold than that of $NH_4$. Average concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble reactive silicon were $2{\mu}g\;P/l$ and 1.6 mg Si/l, respectively. Particulaly, Si nutrient increased by heavy rain events during summer season. The ratios of N/P and Si/P ranged from 248 to 261 and from 640 to 740, respectively. It is assumed that P would be limiting nutrient on the freshwater algal growth. Average content of planktonic chlorophyll-a ranged from $5{\mu}g/l$ to $13{\mu}g/l$. Mean contents of chlorophyll-a, phaeo-pigment and ash-free dry matter of periphyton were $50.3mg/m^2$, $11.9mg/m^2$, $11.5g/m^2$ in the main stream and $30.1mg/m^2$, $5.6mg/m^2$, $7.8g/m^2$ in the tributary. By comparison of the epilithon biomass, the main stream was higher with 1.5~2.1 fold than the tributary. The impotant algae were composed of diatom Achnanthes linearis, A. minutissima, Fragilaria crotonensis, Gomphonema gracile, Tabellaria flocculosa and blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa. In the relative abundance of the phytoplankton and epilithon, the serial dominance were diatom > green algae > blue-green algae, and diatoms were very abundant in comparison with other algal phylum.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.227-237
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• 1997

In order to search for anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 agents from Korean medicinal herbs and Korean traditional prescriptions (herb complexes), we selected 80 medicinal herbs and 45 prescriptions, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Both methanol extracts and boiling-water extracts were tested by means of the MTT assay (tetrazolium based colorimetric assay). Ten of the 125 methanol extracts: CM-11, CM-18, CM-19, CM-21, CM-22, CM-39, MM-3, MM-18, MM-29, MM-73 (see explanation of nomenclature below), showed efficacy against HSV-1. Twelve of the water extracts: CW-2, CW-3-I, CW-3-II, CW-18, MW-3, MW-5 MW-6, MW-12, MW-47, MW-69, MW-73 and MW-79 were active. #3 (individual herb) and #73 (individual herb) were interesting because both water and methanol extracts were active. Especially, #3 is a part of composition of Hong-il-$laksamd{\check{u}}ngbang$ and Hojanghaedokt'ang which have anti-HSV-1 activitives. The SI value of MW-69 and CW-18 was relative high as $10.2{\pm}0.7$ and $11.8{\pm}2.2$. The cytotoxic effect on Vera cells of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$, Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. and acycloguanosine was determined by MTT assay. Water extracts of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$ (prescription) and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. showed very weak cytotoxic effects on Vero cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ but acycloguanosine showed strang cytotoxic effects on Vera cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. As a result, #3, #73, MW-69 and CW-18 are considered as potentially useful for anti-HSV-1 agent and will be the focus of further research. Abbreviations: CM - methanol extracts of traditional prescriptions; CW - water extracts of traditional prescriptions; MM - methanol extracts of individual herbs; MW - water extracts of individual herbs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2016

An auxin-producing bacteria (strain 5-1) was isolated from button mushroom compost in Boryeong-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do. The 5-1 strain was classified as a novel strain of Enterobacter aerogenes based on chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. The isolated E. aerogenes 5-1 was confirmed to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), one of the auxin hormones, using TLC and HPLC analyses. When the concentration of IAA was assessed by performing HPLC quantitative analysis, a maximum concentration of IAA of $109.9mgL^{-1}$ was detected in the culture broth incubated in R2A medium containing 0.1% L-tryptophan for 24 h at $35^{\circ}C$. Acidification of the culture was deemed caused by an increase of IAA because a negative relationship between IAA production and pH was observed. Supplementation with a known precursor of IAA production, L-tryptophan, appeared to induce maximal production at 0.1% concentration, but it reduced production at concentrations above 0.2%. To investigate the growth-promoting effects to crops, the culture broth of E. aerogenes 5-1 was used to inoculate water cultures and seed pots of mung bean and lettuce. In consequence, adventitious root induction and root growth of mung bean and lettuce were two times higher than those of the control.