• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1858-1864
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• 2014

In the present investigation, the anti-diabetic potential of 80% ethanol extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus leaves (EEES) was examined based on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. EEES was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtAOc), n-butanol, and $H_2O$. Of the various fractions, EtAOc fraction effectively inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 68.05%. Therefore, EtAOc fraction was selected for further isolation and identification studies. EtAOc fraction was separated by medium pressure liquid chromatography with silica and ODS gel to yield eight fractions (EAA~EAH). Based on the results of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, EAH fraction was re-chromatographed to yielded four more fractions (EAHA~EAHD). Of these, EAHC fraction showed higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 93.60%. EAHC fraction was re-chromatographed and yielded EAHCA and EAHCB fractions. Further, identification and chemical structures of these two fractions were analyzed using $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and mass spectra data. Based on the results of the spectral data, the isolated compounds were identified as hyperoside and isoquercetin. Results of the present study indicate that the isolated compounds, hyperoside, and isoquercetin from leaves of E. senticosus could be used for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2010

Four saponins (1~4) were isolated from Akebia quinata pericarp through bioassay-guided fractionation. Pericarps of A. quinata were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Compounds 1~4 from the butanol fraction were identified as 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin (${\delta}$-hederin), 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1${\rightarrow}$2) ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoly oleanolic acid (${\beta}$-hederin), 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl (1${\rightarrow}$3) ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin (saponin C), and 3-O ${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1${\rightarrow}$2) ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin (${\alpha}$-hederin) based on the spectroscopic evidences, respectively. Oleanolic acid and hederagenin were identified as the corresponding sapogenins by acid-hydrolysis. These compounds exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium, inner salt] assay on HepG2 cells. ${\beta}$-Hederin obviously attenuated the expression of bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. All of the compounds also induced the activity of caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme, while ${\alpha}$-hederin was the most potent activator of the enzyme. Our data demonstrate for the first time the apoptosis-inducing activity of A. quinata. These results suggest that A. quinata could be used as a potential source of natural cancer chemopreventive agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

Opuntia ficus-indicavar. saboten Makino (Cactaceae) is a tropical or subtropical plant that has been widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, burn, edema and gastritis. The purposes of the present study were to identify antioxidant constituents from fruits and stems of the plant cultivated in Cheju island, Korea, and examine their in vitro neuroprotective activities. Using a chromatographic fractionation method, ten chemical constituents were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, those were identified as eight flavonoids such as kaempherol (a), quercetin (b), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (c), quercetin 3-methyl ether (d), narcissin (e), dihydrokaernpferol (f), dihydroquercetin (g) and erioclictyol (h), and two terpenoids such as 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-${\beta}$-d-glucopyranoside (i) and roseoside (j). Among the isolated compounds, comrounds c~e and h~j were those reported for the first titre from the plant. Compounds b, d and g showed DPPH free radical scavenging activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 28, 19 and 31, ${\mu}$M respectively. Compounds d and g also inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with IC$\sub$50/ values of 2.4 and 3.5 ${\mu}$M. In a primary rat cortical neuronal cell culture system, compounds b, d and g inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 18.2, 2.1 and 54.6 ${\mu}$M) and H$_2$O$_2$-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 13.6, 1.9 and 25.7 ${\mu}$M) cytotoxicities. In addition, compounds d and g inhibited NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by 21 and 33%, and only compound d inhibited growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis by 31% at a tested concentration of 3 ${\mu}$M. The results suggest that the antioxidant constituents with in vitroneuroprotective activities may serve as lead chemicals for the development of neuroprotective agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

This study investigated whether or not the major bioactive compounds of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) are involved in anti-inflammatory activity through the JAK/STAT upper signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. The experimental results show that the M. citrifolia ethyl acetate fraction (Mc-EtOAc) obtained by sequential fractionation with organic solvents from the plant's dried fruits exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. In addition, the cytoprotective effects of Mc-EtOAc against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in the RAW 264.7 cells suppressed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The group pretreated with Mc-EtOAc at a concentration of 240 ㎍/ml showed higher cell viability of 84.5%, compared to 71.6% in the LPS-treated group, and LPS-induced NO production decreased to half the amount in the positive control group. Mc-EtOAc treatment also led to a significant dose-dependent reduction in iNOS expression. Although COX-2 expression was increased by 300% following LPS induction, it was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with Mc-EtOAc at concentrations of 120 and 240 ㎍/ml. An inhibition of the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α was observed. The investigation also revealed that the phosphorylation levels of pJAK1 and pSTAT3 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were significantly reduced by Mc-EtOAc treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.980-985
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify anti-inflammatory chemicals in Hippophae rhamnoides L. which was grown in Chuncheon, Korea. Treatment of ethanol extracts from stems, leaves, roots, and fruits to RAW 264.7 cells reduced amounts of nitrite by 56.0, 31.9, 49.1, and 18.9% respectively, compared to only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment which is well-known as a inflammation-inducing agent. The stems were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water and their nitrite contents in RAW 264.7 cells were measured. The dichloromethane extracts showed the highest inflammatory activity, exhibiting 80% reduction of the nitrite content at 1 mg/mL treatment. Activity-directed fractionation of dichloromethane extracts led to the identification of $\beta$-sitosterol as the anti-inflammatory chemical. 0.1 mg/mL treatment of $\beta$-sitosterol inhibited strongly the production of nitrite by 65%, compared to only LPS treatment. These results suggest that stem of H. rhamnoides L. may be useful for inflammation treatment.