• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.339-344
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• 2004

Recent data have shown the importance of oxidative stresses in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. $H_2O_2$, reactive oxygen species (ROS) donor, has been reported to act as a signaling molecule involved in a variety of cellular functions such as apo/ptosis and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated viability of cultured ileal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) after stimulation with $H_2O_2$. Trypan blue method revealed that the cell viability of ISMC treated with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ was not different from that of controls at up to 2 h time point, while treatment of ISMC with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ for 48 h finally induced significant decrease in the cell viability. Therefore, we evaluated whether $H_2O_2$ was capable of ERKs activation in ISMC for the short-term exposure and examined whether tyrosine kinase was involved in the process of ERK activation by $H_2O_2$ in ISMC. We also investigated the effects of $H_2O_2$ on activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase in ISMC. Thus, ISMC were cultured and exposed to $H_2O_2$, and western blot analysis was performed with phosphospecific MAP kinase antibodies. Robust activation of ERK occurred within 30 min of 1 mM $H_2O_2$ treatment. $H_2O_2-induced$ ERK activation was attenuated by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, indicating that tyrosine kinase was probably involved in the ERK activation by $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$ was a moderate activator of SAPK/JNK, while p38 MAP kinase was not activated by $H_2O_2$. We suggest that ERK activation induced by short-term $H_2O_2$ treatment plays a critical role in cellular protection in the early stage of response to oxidative stress. The present study suggests the necessity of identification of MAPK signaling pathways affected by ROS, since it could ultimately elucidate cellular consequences involved in initiation and perpetuation of intestinal tissue damage in the diseases such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, resulted from excessive ROS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.192-194
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• 2005

O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정에서 1,4-D의 제거는 반응시간에 따라 완만하게 감소하였으나, O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정에서는 전체 제거량의 약 50${\sim}$75%가 반응 초기 5분 내에 제거되어 O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정에 비해 초기 반응속도가 현저히 빠른 것을 알 수 있었다. O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정은 ${\Delta}$TOC/${\Delta}$ThOC의 비는 0.09${\sim}$0.40으로 나타났으며, O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정에서는 ${\Delta}$TOC/${\Delta}$ThOC의 비가 0.68${\sim}$0.98로 나타나 O$_3$/catalyst 고급산화공정이 O$_3$/H$_2$O$_2$ 고급산화공정에 비해 유기물의 산화력이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 1993

Hydrothermal synthesis of 1.13nm tobermorite was performed to obtain the mixing ratio of raw materials, the optimum reaction time and the effect of aluminum in two systems, $CaO-SiO_2-H_2O$ and cement sludge-$SiO_2-H_2O$. 1.13nm tobermorite($5CaO{\cdot}6SiO_2{\cdot}5H_2O:C_5S_6H_5$) was synthesized excellently from $CaO-SiO_2-H_2O$ system on each mole ratio (0.4, 0.8) of $CaO/SiO_2$ at $180^{\circ}C$. But a tobermorite crystals had a sign of crystal conversion after 6 hours of reaction times in the case of $CaO/SiO_2=0.4$ and 4 hours of reaction time in the case of $CaO/SiO_2=0.8$. However, a tobermorite synthesized from cement sludge wastes did not show the crystal conversion on each mole ratio(0.4, 0.8) of $CaO/SiO_2$ within 10 hours of reaction times. It is considered that aluminum ions dissolved from cement sludge wastes retarded the recrystallization of tobermorite. This role of aluminum ion was confirmed in $CaO-SiO_2-H_2O+Al$ powder system. According as added amount of Al powder was increased from 0.8% to 3.0%, the crystal had a highly flatter and larger shape. Recrvstallization was not detected within the same reaction times when aluminum was added.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of $UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2$ process for treating humic acid and heavy metals in surface water. Removal efficiency of $UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2$ process was much more efficient than that of $UV/TiO_2$ process for humic acid and heavy metals removal. The removal rate of humic acid and heavy metals increased with the increase of $TiO_2$ dosage and UV intensity, however decreased with more than 0.3 g/L of $TiO_2$ dosage. The addition of $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was a positive effect for the removal rate of humic acid and heavy metals especially in the concentration of 50 mg/L $H_2O_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

Currently, about 35 cyclotrons have been operating in South Korea. Most of them are mainly used for the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals such as $^{18}FDG$, which is a cancer tracer for nuclear medicine. Highly enriched $H_2{^{18}}O$ containing up to 98% of $^{18}O/O$ isotope ratio is used as the target for $^{18}F$ production. The price of the highly enriched $H_2{^{18}}O$ ranges 60~70 USD/g, and all of them have been imported from foreign country in spite of the very expensive price. The target (enriched $H_2{^{18}}O$) is non-radioactive before the proton beam irradiation. But, the post-irradiation target (used $H_2{^{18}}O$) must be managed following the National Radiation Safety Regulations, because it turns into radioactive by the radioactivation of the impurities within the target. Recently, nevertheless of the fast increasing amount of used $H_2{^{18}}O$ in accordance with the increasing number of nuclear medicine cases, any activation analysis on the used $H_2{^{18}}O$ have been conducted yet in Korea. In this research, activation analysis have been conducted to confirm the specific radioactivity(Bq/g) of each radioisotopes within the used $H_2{^{18}}O$. The analysis have been done on the 3 of 20g samples collected from the used $H_2{^{18}}O$ storages at different cyclotron centers. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the "used $H_2{^{18}}O$" contains gamma emitters such as $^{56}Co$, $^{57}Co$, $^{58}Co$, and $^{54}Mn$ as well as the considerable amount of beta emitter $^3H$. It was also confirmed that the only one sample contained over exemption level of gamma emitters while the specific activity of tritium was lower than the exemption level in all samples. The specific activity of radioisotopes were measured different levels in the samples depending on the elapsed time after irradiation. Further study on the activation of the "used $H_2{^{18}}O$" is definitely necessary, nevertheless the as-is results of this research must be useful in establishing a rational "used $H_2{^{18}}O$" management protocol.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.1B
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The people frequently drink coffee under stress at work, according to increase attractive of leisure activities, favourite food in modern society. The coffee taste which we are catching the taste of modern people is depending on various kinds processing methods such as a mixture of beans. However, the most coffee contains $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ which affected various parts of the body. These $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$, is that the main component of coffee is caffeine. Therefore, in this paper, we are analyzed influence about articulator according to increase in $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ 250mg contains a cup of coffee. From this, we gradually increased the amount of $C_8H_{10}O_2N_4$ intake about thirty persons of men in his 20's in experiments. Then we performed a study about Jitter, Formant, Spectrum in voice analysis parameter by applying the results having an affect articulator.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2002

Reactive of gen species (ROS) contribute to several cellular function and are involved in the regulation of signal transduction, gene expression, and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of $H_2O_2$ treatment on IgM secretion in LPS-stimulated murine B Iymphoma, CH12.LX. Cells were treated directly With $H_2O_2$ and stimulated with LPS. $H_2O_2$ treatment during 72 h time period inhibited IgM secretion in LPS-stimulated CH12.LX cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners. After treatment with 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ $H_2O_2$ during 72 h time period, the level of IgM in LPS-stimulated CH12.LX cells was markedly decreased, whereas cell viability was not significantly changed. Addition of $H_2O_2$ concomitantly with LPS, or 12 h post-LPS stimulation, produced a significant inhibition of IgM secretion, Whereas inhibitory effect of $H_2O_2$ on IgM secretion was not observed when added 24 h after LPS stimulation. These findings suggest that $H_2O_2$ can inhibit the secretion of IgM in LPS-stimulated CH15.LX cells, and may alter the events necessary for terminal B cell differentiation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2005

Age-related changes in bone metabolism are well established by biochemical markers of bone matrix in serum and urine, but analysis of the residual bone matrix, which is still turning over, has not been investigated. In the present study, we measured in vivo rates of bone protein synthesis using a precursor-product method based on the exchange of ²H from ²H₂O into amino acids. Four percent ²H₂O was administered to mice in drinking water after intraperitonial (i.p) bolus injection of 99.9% ²H₂O. Mice were divided into the two groups: growing young mice were administered 4% ²H₂O for 12 weeks after an i.p bolus injection at 5 week of age, whereas weight stable adult mice started drinking 4% ²H₂O 8 weeks later than the growing group and continued 4% ²H₂O drinking for 8 weeks. Mass isotopomer abundance in alanine from bone protein was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Body ²H₂O enrichments were in the range of 1.88-2.41% over the labeling period. The fractional synthesis rates (ks) of bone protein were 2.000±0.071%/d for growing mice and 0.243±0.014%/d for adult mice. These results demonstrate that the bone protein synthesis rate decreases with age and present direct evidence of age-related changes in bone protein synthesis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

Excess free iron generates oxidative stress that may contribute to the pathogenesis of various causes of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we assessed the modification of ferritin induced by $H_2O_2$. When ferritin was incubated with $H_2O_2$, the degradation of ferritin L-chain increased with the $H_2O_2$ concentration whereas ferritin H-chain was remained. Free radical scavengers, azide, thiourea, and N-acetyl-$_L$-cysteine suppressed the $H_2O_2$-mediated ferritin modification. The iron specific chelator, deferoxamine, effectively prevented $H_2O_2$-mediated ferritin degradation in modified ferritin. The release of iron ions from ferritin was increased in $H_2O_2$ concentration-dependent manner. The present results suggest that free radicals may play a role in the modification and iron releasing of ferritin by $H_2O_2$. It is assumed that oxidative damage of ferritin by $H_2O_2$ may induce the increase of iron content in cells and subsequently lead to the deleterious condition.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

The title complex, $(C_3H_{12}N_2)[\{Cd(H_2O)(C_6H_5O_7)\}_2]{\cdot}6H_2O$, I, has been prepared and its structure characterized by FT-IR, EDS, elemental analysis, ICP-AES, and X-ray single crystallography. It is triclinic system, $P{\bar{1}}$ space group with a = 10.236(2), b = 11.318(2), c = $13.198(2){\AA}$, ${\alpha}=77.95(1)^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=68.10(1)^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}=78.12(1)^{\circ}$, V = $1373.5(3){\AA}^3$, Z = 2. Complex I has constituted by protonated 1,3-diaminopropane cations, citrate coordinated cadmium(II) anions, and free water molecules. The central cadmium atoms have a capped trigonal prism geometry by seven coordination with six oxygen atoms of three different citrate ligands and one water molecule. Citrate ligands are bridged to three different cadmium atoms. Each cadmium atom is linked by carboxylate and hydroxyl groups of citrate ligand to construct an one-dimensional ladder-type assembly structure. The polymeric crystal structure is stabilized by three-dimensional networks of the intermolecular O-H${\cdots}$O and N-H${\cdots}$O hydrogen-bonding interaction.