• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1967

As pointed out by many previous investigators, the cardio-pulmonary system of well trained athletes is so adapted that they can perform a given physical exercise more efficiently as compared to non-trained persons. However, the time course of the development of these cardio-pulmonary adaptations has not been extensively studied in the past. Although the development of these training effects is undoubtedly related to the magnitude of an exercise load which is repeatedly given, it would be practical if one could maintain a good physical fitness with a minimal daily exercise. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to study the time course of the development of cardio-pulmonary adaptations while a group of non-athletes was subjected to a daily 6 to 10 minutes running exercise for a period of 4 weeks. Six healthy male medical students (22 to 24 years old) were randomly selected as experimental subjects, and were equally divided into two groups (A and B). Both groups were subjected to the same daily running exercise (approximately 1,000 kg-m). 6 days a week for 4 weeks, but the rate of exercise was such that the group A ran on treadmill with 8.6% grade for 10 min daily at a speed of 127 m/min while the group B ran for 6 min at a speed of 200 m/min. In order to assess the effects of these physical trainings on the cardio-pulmonary system, the minute volume, the $O_2$ consumption, the $CO_2$ output and the heart rate were determined weekly while the subject was engaged in a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6% grade and 127 m/min) for a period of 5 min. In addition, the arterial blood pressure, the cardiac output, the acid-base state of arterial blood and the gas composition of arterial blood were also determined every other week in 4 subjects (2 from each group) while they were engaged in exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a rate of approximately 900 kg m/min until exhaustion. The maximal work capacity was also determined by asking the subject to engage in exercise on treadmill and ergometer until exhaustion. For the measurement of minute volume, the expired gas was collected in a Douglas bag. The $O_2$ consumption and the $CO_2$ output were subsequently computed by analysing the expired gas with a Scholander micro gas analyzer. The heart rate was calculated from the R-R interval of ECG tracings recorded by an Offner RS Dynograph. A 19 gauge Cournand needle was inserted into a brachial artery, through which arterial blood samples were taken. A Statham $P_{23}AA$ pressure transducer and a PR-7 Research Recorder were used for recording instantaneous arterial pressure. The cardiac output was measured by indicator (Cardiogreen) dilution method. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The maximal running time on treadmill increased linearly during the 4 week training period at the end of which it increased by 2.8 to 4.6 times. In general, an increase in the maximal running time was greater when the speed was fixed at a level at which the subject was trained. The mammal exercise time on bicycle ergometer also increased linearly during the training period. (2) In carrying out a given running exercise on treadmill (8.6%grade, 127 m/min), the following changes in cardio·pulmonary functions were observed during the training period: (a) The minute volume as well as the $O_2$ consumption during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed significant reductions after 3 weeks of training. (b) The $CO_2$ production during steady state exercise showed a significant reduction within 1 week of training. (c) The heart rate during steady state exercise tended to decrease progressively and showed a significant reduction after 2 weeks of training. The reduction of heart rate following a given exercise tended to become faster by training and showed a significant change after 3 weeks. Although the resting heart rate also tended to decrease by training, no significant change was observed. (3) In rallying out a given exercise (900 kg-m/min) on a bicycle ergometer, the following change in cardio-vascular functions were observed during the training period: (3) The systolic blood pressure during steady state exercise was not affected while the diastolic blood Pressure was significantly lowered after 4 weeks of training. The resting diastolic pressure was also significantly lowered by the end of 4 weeks. (b) The cardiac output and the stroke volume during steady state exercise increased maximally within 2 weeks of training. However, the resting cardiac output was not altered while the resting stroke volume tended to increase somewhat by training. (c) The total peripheral resistance during steady state exercise was greatly lowered within 2 weeks of training. The mean circulation time during exorcise was also considerably shortened while the left heart work output during exercise increased significantly within 2 weeks. However, these functions_at rest were not altered by training. (d) Although both pH, $P_{co2}\;and\;(HCO_3-)$ of arterial plasma decreased during exercise, the magnitude of reductions became less by training. On the other hand, the $O_2$ content of arterial blood decreased during exercise before training while it tended to increase slightly after training. There was no significant alteration in these values at rest. These results indicate that cardio-pulmonary adaptations to physical training can be acquired by subjecting non-athletes to brief daily exercise routine for certain period of time. Although the time of appearance of various adaptive phenomena is not identical, it may be stated that one has to engage in daily exercise routine for at least 2 weeks for the development of significant adaptive changes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2012

본 연구는 주요 동계사료작물인 청보리와 청호밀을 이용한 TMR 급여가 한우 거세우의 생산성과 사료비, 그리고 도체특성과 등급판정 및 배최장근의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 한우 거세우 송아지 80두를 대상으로 육성기에서 비육후기까지 총 680일에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 시험사료는 배합사료와 볏짚을 분리 급여하는 관행사양구(Control), 청보리 사일리지 TMR을 비육 중기까지 자유채식토록 하고 비육 후기에는 관행사양구와 동일한 사료를 급여하는 처리구(BS-TMR I), 청보리 사일리지 TMR을 비육 후기까지 자유채식토록 하는 처리구(BS-TMR II), 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 비육 중기까지 자유채식토록 하고 비육 후기에는 관행 사양구와 동일한 사료를 급여하는 처리구(RS-TMR I), 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 비육 후기까지 자유채식토록 하는 처리구(RS-TMR II)로 구성하였다. 각 처리 당 거세된 송아지 16두 씩을 배치하였고, 처리 당 거세한우 송아지를 4두씩 4개의 pen에 수용하였으며, 완전임의배치 방법으로 각 처리구의 pen을 배치하였다. 한우 거세우의 증체량은 관행사양구에 비해 육성기 및 비육전기에서 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구에서 다소 높았고 비육 중기에서 현저히 높았으나(P<0.0001) 비육 후기에서는 RS-TMR II를 제외하고는 관행사양구의 한우에서 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한우 두당 kg 증체 당 사료비는 관행사양구의 한우에 비해 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 한우에서 다소 낮았다. 또한 비육 후기까지 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구(BS-TMR II 및 RS-TMR II)에 비하여 비육 중기까지 사일리지TMR을 섭취하고 비육 후기에는 관행사료를 섭취한 처리구(BS-TMRI 및 RS-TMR I)에서 두당 kg 증체 당 사료비가 다소 감소 되었다. 사일리지 TMR이 관행사료 급여에 비해 한우 거세우의 도체중, 등지방 두께 및 배최장근 면적을 다소 증가시켰으나 육량지수를 낮추었다(P<0.047). 다른 시험사료에 비해 청보리 사일리지 TMR이 근내지방도를 다소 낮추었으나 육질 1등급 이상 출현두수에는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 한우 거세우 내 배최장근의 화학적성분, 도체특성, 대부분의 육질 특성, 육색 및 지방산 조성은 시험사료에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 전단력은 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 한우에 비해 관행사양 방법으로 비육된 한우에서 낮았으나(P<0.046) 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 처리구 간에는 차이가 없었다. 본 시험의 결과로 미루어 보아 배합사료와 볏짚 중심의 관행사양방법에 비하여 BS 또는 RS를 이용한 TMR 급여가 거세한우의 육질에 크게 영향하지 않은 반면 증체를 개선하고 사료비를 절감할수 있을 것이라 여겨진다. 또한 전체적으로는 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지 TMR의 사료적 가치는 거의 비슷한 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2019

인공광 식물공장에서는 작물을 생산하기 위하여 일반적으로 화학비료 유래 무기성분을 포함하는 배양액을 시용하여 수경재배한다. 본 연구에서는 광질이 상이한 식물공장에서 관행의 무기배양액 일부 또는 전량을 유기배양액으로 대체할 수 있는 폐기 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 시용하여 수경재배하고 작물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 청색, 적색 및 백색 LED를 1:2:1의 비율로 혼합한 혼합LED 및 관행의 형광등 조사 조건에서 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘를 35일간 수경재배한 결과, 적치마와 청치마 상추의 생체중 및 전개엽수 증가는 형광등을 조사한 Y구에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리구인 YK 및 YTJ에서는 오히려 혼합LED 조사구에서 증가하였다. 유기배양액 단용 또는 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리시 엽내 SPAD치는 두 실생묘 모두 Y구와 유사하거나 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액인 Y구에서 배양액내 구성성분 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있는 무기성분인 NO₃-N은 재배 개시일에 약 97 mg/L으로, 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘에서 모두 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 적치마의 경우 재배종료시 각 처리구별 NO₃-N 농도는 형광등 조사시 약 29 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 24 mg/L였으며, 청치마의 경우 형광등 조사시 약 26 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 47 mg/L로, 초기 투입량 대비 25~48% 정도의 양이 재배종료시까지 흡수되지 않고 남아 있었다. 재배개시일 NH₃-N 농도는 Y구3-N 잔여량은 약 13%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액내 질산태질소는 작물체에 흡수되어 생체중, 엽수 증가와 같은 지상부 생장을 좌우하는 주요 성분이지만 재배종료시까지 전량이 흡수되지 않고 남아 있는 것으로 보아 상추 수경재배시 배양액내 질산태질소의 초기 투입량을 조절할 필요성이 대두되었다. 연구결과 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 활용하여 적치마와 청치마 상추를 수경재배할 경우 유기배양액 단용보다 유·무기 혼합배양액 시용으로 유기배양액내 부족한 질소 성분을 무기질소로 보충할 수 있어 무기성분 사용량 저감이 기대된다. 또한 상추 실생묘의 양적생장 추이와 달리 엽내 색소합성이 관행 무기배양액보다 특정 유기배양액 단용 또는 혼용에 의해 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 보아 작물체내 물질합성량, 유기배양액 사용기간 및 재이용 등 유기배양액의 화학적 특성 변화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1974

개량 Mulching 재배법에 의한 조기재배담배밭부근 뽕잎이 춘잠작에 미치는 영향을 알고져, 담배밭으로부터 뽕밭이 서북쪽에 위치하고, 경사도는 20％미만으로 뽕밭이 높게 위치하였으며, 시험기간중의 풍향은 담배밭을 거쳐 뽕밭쪽으로 불어오는 남풍과 동남풍이 각각 36％로 주풍이었고 동풍이 그 다음으로 18％의 상태인, 담배밭으로부터 l00m떨어진 처리구를 대조로 하고 10m, 25m, 50m, 80m별로 시험구를 설정하여 각처리의 뽕으로 누에 사육을 통한 영향여부를 조사한 결과, 시험사육기간중 육만으로 식별할 수 있을정도의 중독잠 내지 폐사잠은 발견할 수 없었으나 그 결과에 나타난 피해상황은 다음과 같다. 다만, 같은 뽕밭의 뽕이라도 경사도가 낮고, 담배밭에 가까운 곳일수록 뽕나무의 발육이 양호하였고, 엽질면에서도 우량한 뽕잎의 사육결과 였음에도 불구하고, 본 시험결과에 대한 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 5영극도 잠종중에는 담배밭으로부터 25m구까지 감초의 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 생견 1ι과수 역시 담배밭으로 부터 25m 구까지는 고치가 작았다. 3. 전견종과 견층종에서도 담배밭으로 부터 25m 구까지 피해를 주었으며 그 정도는 전견중보다 견층중에 더큰 영향이 미치어서 그 결과 견층비율이 일충 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 4. 옥견포함 1만두 수견량에서도 담배밭에서 25m 구까지는 수량이 감소되고 있으며 그 정도는 1차 시험에 있어서는 처리구는 대조에 비하여 10m 구에서는 2.4kg, 25m 구는 2.5kg의 차이로 대조보다 19％가 감수되었으며, 2차에서는 10m 구는 1.8kg, 25m 구는 1.5kg의 차이로 각각 11％, 9％의 감수를 보였다. 이상을 종합하여 보면 대조구의 뽕의 질이 좋지 못하였던 점을 감안한다면 본 시험에서 얻어진 거리 및 감량이상의 피해를 받을 가능성을 시사하며, 본 시험에서의 피해한계 거리는 25m∼50m사이에 있는 것 같다. 그 피해증상은 포장에서 발생되는 증상과 동일하였다. 10. 석회의 시용은 시용량이 증가할 수록 발아불량현상을 다소 높게하는 경향이 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼때 뽕나무의 발아불량현상은 붕소의 결핍에 기인되나 붕소의 결핍피해정도는 토양모재, 토양내 유기물함량 및 수분함량 그리고 석회시용등에 의해서도 좌우되는 것으로 인정된다. 11. 발아불량현상은 붕사를 10a 당 6∼9kg을 춘, 하2회분시하면 방제할 수 있으며, 10a당2,000kg의 퇴비를 수년간 계속시용하는 방법도 상당한 방제방과를 얻을 수 있다고 믿어진다.. 14. 4항 및 5항의 시험결과 견층 sericin 변성에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 제사용수의 성분은 pH, M-알카리도, 산도 및 총경처이므로 앞으로 이상의 4개 항목을 기본으로 한 제사시험을 행하고 이 결과에 따라 최적의 제사용수 수질 조건을 설정코저 한다. 15. 동일 시수를 가지고 견층을 반복처리 하는데 따라 시수내의 완충력이 증가하여 견층 sericin의 용해량은 감소하는 경향이 있었다.견층 sericin의 용해량은 감소하는 경향이 있었다.된다.esion also improved. The best results were shown when reeling velocity was 180-220 r.p.m. But when the velocity was increased more than 220 r.p.m., the results of cohesion got worse more or less. D) When the temperature of the drying pipe in reeling machine was raised, the results of cohesion also showed a tendency to improve. 4. Re-reeling A) We could net reach a conclusion as to have correlation

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.697-708
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• 1999

연구배경 : 기관지 천식에서 기관지 수축 및 호산구 화학 주성 효과를 나타내는 Leukotrienes (LTs)의 역할이 최근 잘 알려져 있으며 이러한 LTs의 작용을 억제하는 치료제에 대한 관심이 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 비마취, 비결박 상태의 기니픽 기관지 천식 모델에서 즉시형 기관지 수축 반응 시 기도저항의 변동을 측정하고, pranlukast 투여가 기도저항, 기관지 조직내 호산구의 침윤 정도, 혈중 $LTC_4$의 농도의 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 기니픽 44마리 (치료군 16마리, 대조군 19마리, 정상군 9마리)를 대상으로 하였으며 치료군과 대조군 기니픽에 ovalbumin(OVA)을 감작하고 1주후 OVA을 연무기를 이용하여 흡입시켜 즉시형 기도수축 모델을 만든 뒤 실험 동물용 체적 기록 상자를 이용하여 기도저항을 측정하였다. 정상군은 감작하지 않은 상태에서 기도저항을 측정하였다. 치료군은 pranlukast 10mg/kg/day를, 대조군과 정상군은 생리식염수 1ml/day를 7일간 경구 투여한 후 치료군, 대조군, 정상군 모두 indomethacine 10mg/kg 및 mepyramine 10mg/kg를 복강내 투여한 다음 OVA 분무로 즉시형 기관지 수축반응을 일으켜 기도저항을 측정하였다. 기도저항 측정 후 혈중 $LTC_4$의 농도를 측정하고 한 쪽 폐장을 적출하여 파라핀 포매조직을 만들어 H-E 염색으로 세기관지를 포함하는 400배 현미경 시야내에 존재하는 호산구의 수로써 호산구의 침윤 정도를 확인하였다. 결 과 : 천식 모델로 확인된 기니픽은 치료군 8마리, 대조군 16마리로 57.1%의 발생율을 나타내었고 기관지 천식이 발생되지 않은 기니픽은 모두 본 연구 대상에서 제외시켰다. OVA으로 감작 시키지 않은 정상군의 기도저항의 변동은 기저치의 50% 내외였다. OVA 흡입으로 즉시형 기관지 수축 반응을 나타낸 상태에서 측정한 기도저항은 치료군에서는 흡입 후 3분부터 24분까지 3분 간격으로 측정 했을때 3분, 6분에서 pranlukast 투여 후가 투여 전에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고 24분까지 통계적 유의성은 없었지만 기도저항이 투여전에 비하여 감소된 경향을 나타내었다. 대조군에서는 OVA 흡입후 3분부터 30분까지 생리식염수 투여전파 후에 기도저항의 차이가 없었다. 혈중 $LTC_4$ 농도는 치료군 348.4 pg/ml, 대조군 373.9 pg/ml였으며, 정상군에서는 364.4 pg/ml로 치료군과 대조군(p=0.232), 치료군과 정상군(p=0.501), 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았고, 치료군, 대조군 및 정상군의 세 구간의 비교에서도 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이가 없었다(p=0.456). 기관지 조직내 호산구의 침윤은 400배 현미경 시야당 치료군, 대조군, 정상군 각각 7.06, 19.2, 4.50개로 치료군, 대조군, 정상군 사이의 분산분석에서는 세군간에 의미 있는 차이가 있었고(p=0.008) 치료군이 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 의미 있는 감소를 나타내었다(p=0.001). 곁 론 : OVA으로 감작된 기니픽 천식 모델에서 즉시형 기관지 수축 반응 시 cys-LTs 수용체 억제제인 pranlukast 경구 투여는 대조군과 비교하여 기도저항의 감소 및 기관지, 폐 조직 내 호산구 침윤의 감소를 나타내어 기관지 수축 억제 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 혈중 $LTC_4$의 농도는 대조군과 차이가 없음이 관찰되어 전신의 순환 cys-LTs에는 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 기니픽에 대한 결과를 바탕으로 향후 기관지 천식 환자에 대한 pranlukast의 효과에 관하여 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1983

As a part of the epidemiological studies of clonorchiasis in Korea, this study was conducted to evaluate the current endemicity and the natural transition of the Clonorchis infection in Goyang Gun a low endemic area in recent years, prior to the introduction of praziquantel which will eventually influence to the status of the prevalence. The data obtained in this study in 1983 were evaluated for natural transition of the infection in comparison with those obtained 16 years ago in 1967 by the author (Kim, 1974). The areas of investigation, villages and schools surveyed, methods and techniques used in this study were the same as in 1967, except for the contents of the questionnaire for raw freshwater fish consumption by the local inhabitants. 1) The current prevalence rate of Clonorchis infection among the inhabitants was 7.5% on the average out of a total of 479 persons examined. The prevalence rate was 9.0% in the riverside area and 4.2% in the inland area. Among the schoolchildren, the prevalence rate was 1.1% out of a total of 1 319 examined. By area, it was 1.4% in the riverside area and 0.7% in the inland area. By sex, the prevalence rate was 13.3% in the male and 1.3% in the female in the inhabitants and no difference was seen in the schoolchildren. 2) In the natural transition of the infection, the prevalence rate in the inhabitants has decreased from 22.5% in 1967 to 7.5% in 1983, and in the schoolchildren, from 9.5% in 1967 to 1.1% in 1983. The reduction rate was higher in the riverside area than in the inland area. 3) In the prevalence rate by age, 1.2% was seen in the 10-14 age group and gradually increased to 8.1% in the 30-39 age group and reached peak 18.1% in the 40-49 age group. By sex, in the male, the prevalence rates have increased to 31.9% and 33.3% in the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups, respectively and decreased thereafter. In the female, the prevalence rate less than 5% was seen only in between the 10-14 and 30-39 age groups. 4) In the natural transition of the prevalence rate by age, sharp decrease was seen in the male from around 50% in 1967 between 15-19 and 30-39 age groups. The generation over 40s showed less decrease. In the female, the prevalence rate has decreased from 13% in 1967 to 5% in 1983 in the middle age groups and dropped to 0% in the rest of the age groups. 5) The intensity of the infection among clonorchiasis cases by mean EPmg (number of eggs per mg feces) value was 1.4. In the inhabitants, the value was 2.0 in the riverside area and 0.4 in the inland area. While in the schoolchildren, the value was 0.2 in both riverside and inland areas. 6) In the transition of the intensity of the infection, EPmg among the inhabitants has decreased from 3.9 in 1967 to 2.0 in 1983 in the riverside area, and from 2.9 to 0.4 in the inland area. In the schoolchildren, the reduction was similar in both riverside and inland areas resulting from 1.0-1.1 in 1967 to 0.2 in 1983. 7) In the intensity of the infection by age, EPmg 3.4 was peak at the 40-49 age group and 0.2-1.0 was seen in the rest of the age groups. The mean value was 1.5 in the male and 0.6 in the female. 8) In the natural transition of the intensity of the infection, the EPmg has decreased from 2.7 in 1967 to 1.4 in 1983. By age, reduction was seen in all of the age groups, particularly in the young and the old age groups of 50s and over, except in the 40-49 age group in which reverse phenomenon was seen. By sex, it has decreased from 3.5 in 1967 to 1.5 in 1983 in the male and from 1.0 to 0.6 in the female. 9) In the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by the range of EPmg value, 70.3% of the cases were placed in the range of 0.1-0.9 as the most and 16.2% in 1.0-4.9 as the next. With such figures, those included in the range less than 0.9 as light infection were 78.4% and under 5.0-9.9 up to moderate infection 99.3% of the cases were covered. The cases were distributed up to 20.0-39.9 in the male and to 1.0-4.9 in the female. 10) In the transition of the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by EPmg, the highest intensity reached up to 60.0-79.9 in 1967 and to 20.0-39.9 in 1983. In the range of light infection, under 0.1-0.9, the distribution in rate was 64.5% in 1967 and 78.4% in 1983. Up to the range of moderate infection, under 5.0-9.9, 91.7% in 1967 and 97.3% in 1983 were seen respectively. 11) In a survey for raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants,78.3 of the clonorchiasis cases interviewed admitted their experience of the raw consumption. However, those who practised in the past two years were 34.8% 55.6% of those who have such experience in the past professed that they did not practise raw freshwater fish consumption in the past two years. 12) The major cause of the reduction of the raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants were the wide spread water pollution in the locality. The most common reason professed for stopping raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants was the risk of the fluke infection. 13) In animal survey, 3.1% of dogs were found infected with Clonorchis, decreasing from 21.6% in 1967. 14) The distribution of the first intermediate host, Parafossarulus manchouricus has greatly diminished in this locality and found only in two localized ponds. No Clonorchis infection was found from the snails examined. 15) The second intermediate freshwater fish host has been further limited by extended water pollution. No susceptible fish host could be examined. 16) In conclusion, the endemicity of Clonorchis infection in Croyang Gun, low endemic area, has significantly decreased during the past 16 years. The major cause of the regressive transition of the infection was the water pollution of the freshwater system of this locality. This has upset the ecosystems of the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis in many areas of waterbodies and further discouraged to a significant extent the local inhabitants from raw freshwater fish consumption.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2008

임플랜트가 개발된 이후 임플랜트 안정성을 아기 위한 여러 방법들이 연구되어 왔고 여러 측정 장치들이 고안되어 왔다. 그 중에서도 공명주파수분석법(Resonance Frequency Analysis)을 이용한 방법이 요즘 각광을 받고 있다. 가장 최근에 공명주파수분석법을 이용한 측정 장치의 하나인 $Osstell^{TM}$ 보다 간편한 $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor의 출시로 임상적으로 더 편하게 임플랜트의 안정성을 측정 할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구는 $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor 의 자기공명막대인 $Smartpeg^{TM}$을 사용할 때 임상에서 측정 가능한 측정횟수가 얼마나 되는지를 확인하고 또한 소독 후에도 측정값이 안정한지를 확인하고자 실험을 하였다. 실험 목적은 5가지로 나누어 알아보고자 하였다: 1. 자기공명막대의 반복측정의 영향: 자기 공명막대와 $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor를 고정시키고 반복적인 측정을 하여 몇 회까지 측정값이 안정한가? 2. 자기공명막대의 탈부착 반복의 영향: 자기공명막대를 탁부착을 반복하면서 몇회까지 측정값이 안정한가? 3. 자기공명막대의 소독방법에 따른 영향: 진료실내의 소독방법 후에도 자기 공명막대 측정값이 안정한가? 4. 자기 공명막대의 반복되는 고압증기멸균 소독 후의 영향: 고압증기 멸균법 10회 반복적인 소독 후에도 측정값이 안정한가? 5. 자기 공명막대의 자성소실온도 확인: 자기공명막대의 자성을 잃는 온도는 몇 도인가? 실험방법은 각 실험별 8개의 자기공명막대를 준비하고 각각의 구별을 위해 컬러펜으로 표식을 했으며 실험전 측정값을 재고, 실험후 측정값을 재어 비교하였다. 자기공명막대 반복측정의 영향을 알아본 실험은 최초의 측정값과 변화가 있는 횟수를 알아보려 했으며 측정값에 변화가 없을 경우 400회까지 측정하여, 1-100회, 101-200회, 201-300회, 301-400회 4군으로 나누어 유의수준을 살펴보았다. 자기공명막대 탈부착 반복의 영향을 알아본 실험은 자기 공명막대 8개를 각각 400회씩 탈부착하여 측정값의 변화를 1-100회, 101-200회, 201-300회, 301-400회 4군으로 나누어 군간 유의수준을 확인하였다. 자기공명막대 소독방법에 따른 영향에 대한 실험은 8개의 자기공명막대를 소독 전 측정값과 소독 후 측정값을 비교확인하였다. 자기 공명막대 반복되는 고압증기멸균 소독 후의 영향에 대한 실험은 8개의 자기공명막대를 10회 반복 소독하면서 소독 전 측정값을 0군, 1-10회까지 소독 후를 10군으로 나누어 군간 유의수준을 확인하였다. 자기공명막대 자성 소실 온도 확인실험은 8개의 자기 공명막대를 $138^{\circ}C$/10분, $150^{\circ}C$/5분, $150^{\circ}C$/10분으로 나누어 자기공명막대가 자성을 잃는 온도가 몇 도인지 실험하였다. 실험결과; 1. 자기공명막대 반복측정의 영향 실험에서는 각 군간 유의성이 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 자기공명막대 탈부착측정의 영향에 대한 실험은 각 군간 유의 확률이 0.123으로 유의성이 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 자기공명막대 소독방법에 따른 영향에 대한 실험은 소독 전 측정값과 소독 후 측정값의 유의성이 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 자기공명막대 반복되는 고압증기멸균소독 후의 영향에 대한 실험은 각 군간 유의성이 없었다.(p>0.05). 5. 자기공명막대 자성 소실온도확인 실험은 $138^{\circ}C$/10분에서는 소독 전, 후간 측정값에 유의성이 없었고(p>0.05), $150^{\circ}C$/5분에서는 2개가 측정 불가였으며, $150^{\circ}C$/10분에서는 8개 모두 ISQ값을 측정할 수가 없었다. 결론으로 말하면, 자기 공명막대가 나사산이 손상되지 않고 자성을 잃지 않으면 측정값이 변하지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 자기공명막대를 $150^{\circ}C$/10분에서 진공건열멸균 소독 후에 자성을 잃는 것으로 나타난 결과로 추론해 보건데, 진료실에서 가장 높은 온도를 보이는 고압증기멸균 소독이 $132^{\circ}C$/15분 이므로 진료실내의 소독방법들에는 아무런 문제가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 몇 번 사용할 수 있는지의 문제는 400번 측정 시 수치에 변화가 없으므로 측정되지 않을 때까지 사용해도 무방하리라 사료된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2009

본 연구결과는 출하돈의 도체품질 향상과 품질인증 프로그램 구축을 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 2년 동안 53개 농장에서 출하된 248,787두에 대한 도체평가 결과를 모돈수에 의한 경영규모, 육성비육돈 단계의 사육밀도, 수송시간, 출하시점, 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 및 비육돈사 형태에 따라 도체등급과 PSE 발생율, 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과이며 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양돈장 경영규모는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 경영규모가 커질수록 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 출현율은 경영규모에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 양돈장 경영규모에 따라 일정한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 육성비육돈사 사육밀도는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 중간 밀도에서 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 발생율은 낮은 밀도에서 오히려 높게 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 중간 밀도에서 우수하게 나타났으나 피하지방 점수는 사육밀도에 의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 출하돈의 수송시간에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으며, PSE 발생율 역시 수송시간에 의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수송시간은 도체 육질점수에 영향을 미치며, 1시간을 초과한 수송이 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 출하시점은 출하후 계류를 통한 도축전 휴식과 관련되는데, 출하시점은 도체등급과 PSE 발생율에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 오전 10시 이전 출하가 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 피하지방 점수는 차이가 없었다. 5. 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 차이에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, PSE 발생율은 후기사료 21% 이상 급여가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 후기사료를 21% 이상 급여한 경우가 우수하게 나타났으며, 피하지방 점수는 후기사료를 20% 이내 급여가 우수하였으나, 육탄력성 점수는 비육후기사료 급여비율에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 6. 비육돈사 형태에 따른 도체등급의 차이는 무창돈사가 우수하게 나타났으나, PSE 발생율 또한 무창돈사가 높았다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 비육돈사 형태에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 피하지방 점수와 육탄력성 점수는 개방돈사가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 양돈장 관리시스템 및 도축전 취급이 출하돈의 도체등급과 육질점수에 영향을 미치는 구체적인 내용들을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 양돈장 관리시스템과 관련된 각종 환경요인과 관리요인 및 도축전 취급과 관련된 인자들에 대한 세심한 관리를 통하여 스트레스 최소화와 동물복지 향상으로 도체품질 개선과 소비자를 위한 품질인증 시스템을 구축하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.