• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Network-based intelligent robot is connected with network system, provides interactions with humans, and carries out its own roles on ubiquitous computing environments. URC (Ubiquitous Robot Companion) robot has been proposed to develop network-based robot by applying distributed computing techniques. On URC robot, it is possible to save the computing power of robot client by environments, has been proposed to develop robot software using service-oriented architecture on server-client computing environments. The SOMAR client robot consists of two layers - device service layer and robot service layer. The device service controls physical devices, and the robot service abstracts robot's services, which are newly defined and generated by combining many device services. RSEL (Robot Service Executing Language) is defined in this paper to represent relations and connections between device services and robot services. A RESL document, including robot services by combining several device services, is translated to a programming language for robot client system using RSEL translator, then the translated source program is compiled and uploaded to robot client system with RPC (Remote Procedure Call) command. A SOMAR client system is easy to be applied to embedded systems of host/target architecture. Moreover it is possible to produce a light-weight URC client robot by reducing workload of RSEL processing engine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-35
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• 1999

Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) have been as eye washes of inflammatory eye disease in the oriental medicine. Especially Jinpisan(秦皮散) has been used for the disease which is similar to Peudomonas aeruginisa keratitis. This research was attempted to investigate the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散), on Peudoronas aeruginisa keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis causes a deep rapid intense ulceration which often leads to perforation of the cornea within 48 hours. In this research, we induced keratits in the rabbits by inoculating Pesudomonas aeruginosa(9027) and observed the effect on the keratitis and the irritation against the external eye. Also we mesured the minimum inhibitory consentration(MIC) of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) by agar diliution method and the anti-bacterial activites by disk method. The tested bacteria were as follows : a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9027), b) Streptococcus pneumoniae(6303), c) Staphylococcus epidermidis(12228), d) Staphylococcus aureus(6538P). The results were as follows ; 1. The groups which were applied eye washes of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan reavealed a significant effect, but the group applied eye wash of Coptidis Rhizoma reveaded no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 2. Applying eye washes of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinisan revealed an irritation against external eyes. 3. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylucoccus aureus by agar diliution method 4. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. 5. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method 6. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sireptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphy1ococcus aureus by disk method. 7. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method. 8. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. According to the above results, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) are recognized to have an effective treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, so this experiment is thought to be a basic ingredient in proving the effect of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan which is applied many in documents and clinical medicine. In the comparison of anti-bacterial activity and results of treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, Jinpisan(秦皮散) was more effective than Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2013

Objectives : We performed a pilot study to investigate inter- and intra-rater reliability of pattern identification using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods : Eight experts of ophthalmology, otolaryngology and dermatology of Korean medicine evaluated 20 nasal endoscopy photograph cases of AR patients with pattern identification index using nasal endoscopy for AR including the nasal membrane color(pale / hyperemia), nasal membrane humidity(dryness / dampness), rhinorrhea(watery / yellow), and membrane edema (atrophic / edematous) on nasal endoscopy. Results : Intra-rater agreement(%) and Kappa coefficient was generally from 'moderate' to 'good'(% agreement: 73.13-90% / Kappa coefficient: 0.547-0.748). Inter-rater agreement(%) and Kappa coefficient was also from 'moderate' to 'good' (% agreement: 65-85% / Kappa: 0.475-0.778) except 'humidity(dryness / dampness)' item (% agreement: 55.98% / Kappa: 0.340). In findings of subgroup analysis according to affiliation of raters, Inter-rater agreement(%) and Kappa coefficient of raters in same affiliation was higher than inter-rater agreement(%) and Kappa coefficient of raters in different affiliation except 'dryness / dampness' item. Conclusions : It is necessary to improve objectivity and reproducibility of pattern identification using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis(AR) through the development of detail-oriented criteria and enhanced training of clinicians with development of standard operating procedures(SOPs).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Background : According to the rising cases of clinical researches with Traditional Korean Medicine for persistent allergic rhinitis patients, the need for developing and applying Pattern diagnosis instrument has been increasing. Objective : This study was done to investigate and pragmatize the Pattern diagnosis instrument for persistent allergic rhinitis patients launched by KFDA in 2008. Methods : Data was collected by structured survey papers from Korean Medicine doctors participate in the Conference of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society in October 2012. We investigated their representative Patterns(변증) of every questions and used the mean results for assuming agreement rates. The importance order of 8 symptom domains for considering Pattern diagnostic steps were also asked and analyzed for inducing importance rates. Finally based on above two results, we developed weight points of each questions by multiplying agrement percents with importance rates. Results : 50 Korean medicine doctors described the informed consent and survey papers. Response agreement rates of each questions of Pattern diagnosis instruments were analyzed and described in Table 2. Comparing the survey results with diagnostic references, matched percent of 肺胃熱 was the 87.9%, 肺氣虛寒 was 62.5%, 肺脾氣虛 was 62.5% and 腎元虧虛 was 50%. Mean importance rates of rhinorrhea was 7.28, otoscope diagnosis 5.12, obstruction 5.04, sneeze 4.82, symptom duration 4.63, other body condition 3.54, tongue diagnosis 3.02, nasal pruritus 2.86, accordingly. Final importance rates of each questions were assumed, and the range of them was from 1.60 to 4.72, which were listed in Table 5. Conclusion : These results might provide the rational backgrounds and practical methods for developing and utilizing methods of Pattern diagnosis questionnaire for perennial allergic rhinitis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense has long been used in herbal medicine for the treatment of arthritis, dyspepsia, and bleeding in Korea. In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonicum var. ussuriense against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced activation in RAW264.7 cells by the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The 70% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of C. japonicum var. ussuriense (CJE), showed the potent anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of CJE was demonstrated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2). Furthermore CJE induced HO-1 expression through nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased HO activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. The effects of CJE on LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ productions were partially reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). Therefore, it is suggested that CJE-induced HO-1 expression plays a role of the resulting anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. These results suggest that CJE may be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2000

From August to October 1998, over 60% mortality of cultured striped beakperch Oplegnathus fasciatus was occurred in net cages along the southern coast of Korea. Moribund fish showed some clinical signs of lethargic behavior, dark coloration or decoloration, severe gill anemia and enlargement of spleen. Also enlarged basophilic cells showing Feulgen -positive reaction were observed in the tissue section of spleen, kidney, liver and heart of the diseased fish. GF cells inoculated with spleen homogenate of diseased fish produced cytopathic effect of enlarged and rounded cells, therefore the causative virus was isolated from diseased fish. Striped beakperch fingerlings intraperitoneally inoculated with the causative virus ($10^4TCID_{50}$/0.1 ml) revealed symptoms similar to those of naturally infected fish and died from 7 to 14 days post injection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the causative virus was enveloped icosahedral particle with 120~130 nm in diameter. PCR products of the expected size (500 bp) were amplified with a primer set based on the ATPase gene of RSIV(red sea bream iridovirus) using template DNAs which were extracted from the spleen of diseased fish and GF cells inoculated with the causative virus. According to the analysis of nucleotide sequence of these PCR products, the sequence from ATPase cDNA gene of the causative virus showed 95% homology with that of RSIV. These results indicate that the mass mortality in the cultured striped beakperch was caused by the infection of iridovirus similar to RSIV.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2005

Interpretation of high-resolution seismic profiles from the southeastern continental shelf of Korea reveals that the sedimentary deposits consist of seven seismic units formed during the late Quaternary. These units comprise lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. The lowstand systems tract consists of a lowstand prograding wedge (SU1) and a mass flow deposit (SU2) including slumps and slides. The transgressive systems tract contains four seismic units: an ancient beach/shoreface deposit (SU3), a channel-fill deposit (SU4), a transgressive sand layer (SU5), and a transgressive sand ridge (SU6). The highstand systems tract consists of an inner-shelf mud deposit (SU7) derived from the Nakdong and Seomjin rivers during the last 6 ka when sea level was close to the present level.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.404-412
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• 2015

The slurry composting and bio-filtration (SCB) liquid manure has some obvious advantages including a good source of N, P and K, local availability, effective microorganism and the ability to improve soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence on the changes of soil chemical properties and yield of red pepper by fertigation cultivation with SCB application for 2 years. Red pepper was transplanted in early May in 2013 and 2014. The treatment with three replication was composed of 4 types as control (N 1.0), SCB 0.5N, SCB 1.0N, and SCB 2.0N standards of recommended nitrogen fertilizer ($19kg\;N\;10a^{-1}$). The fertigation cultivation which was installed the surface drip irrigation system was splitted 10 times as $2.5Mg\;10a^{-1}$ nutritional solution included with chemical fertilizer and SCB every 10 days during the cultivation. The height and width of pepper plant were 7.0% and 5.8% higher in SCB 2.0N treatment than that in control. The yield of red pepper increased with the increasing of SCB application rates from SCB 0.5N to 2.0N. The yield of SCB 1.0N was much better 10% in average than that of control, and there was significant differences among all treatments. pH of control soil after final harvest decreased to 6.1, however pH of SCB treated soils increased from 6.7 to 7.1 depending on SCB application rates. The Exch.-K contents of SCB treated soils were increased 13.7 to 56.9% after final harvest compared with control by $0.51cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. Accordingly, these results showed that SCB 1.0N application rate as a recommended nitrogen level based on soil testing can be used as an alternative nitrogen management as well as plant nutrition for red pepper cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1103-1106
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• 2011

Optimum application level of liquid pig manure for increasing Astragalus sinicus L. (ASASI) and Lolium multiflorum Lam. (LOLMU) yield was investigated. The green manure crop yield were generally high in the order of ALPM 100 ${\geqq}$ APLM 75 ${\geqq}$ APLM 50 ${\geqq}$ APLM 0 in site 1 (ASASI), and LPLM 100 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 75 > LPLM 50 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 0 in site 2 (LOLMU). The optimum application level of liquid pig manure was 100% of nitrogen fertilization level.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.368-379
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• 2021

Two virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, cagA and vacA, have been known to play a role in the development of severe gastric symptoms. However, they are not always associated with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. To predict the disease outcome more accurately, it is necessary to understand the risk of severe symptoms linked to other virulence factors. Several other virulence factors of H. pylori have also been reported to be associated with disease outcomes, although there are many controversial descriptions. H. pylori isolates from Koreans may be useful in evaluating the relevance of other virulence factors to clinical symptoms of gastric diseases because the majority of Koreans are infected by toxigenic strains of H. pylori bearing cagA and vacA. In this study, a total of 116 H. pylori strains from Korean patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers were genotyped. The presence of virulence factors vacAs1c, alpA, babA2, hopZ, and the extremely strong vacuolating toxin was found to contribute significantly to the development of severe gastric symptoms. The genotype combination vacAs1c/alpA/babA2 was the most predictable determinant for the development of severe symptoms, and the presence of babA2 was found to be the most critical factor. This study provides important information on the virulence factors that contribute to the development of severe gastric symptoms and will assist in predicting clinical disease outcomes due to H. pylori infection.