• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

Nokwon, a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between Keunolkong and Hyangnam-1 and released in 2006. The pedigree of Nokwon, designated as Milyang 153 in 2003, was SS96425-2B-11-4-1-1-1. Nokwon, used as a vegetable soybean was characterized by dark green pod, large seed, very short plant height, and lodging resistance. Nokwon has determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, oval leaf shape and brown pods at maturity. The mature seeds have a greenish yellow seed coat with brown hilum and yellow cotyledon. In Korea, Regional Yield Trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2004 to 2006, Nokwon shows strong tolerance to soybean mosaic virus and lodging in fields. Fresh pods of Nokwon harvested at the beginning of August, and stem height was 11cm shorter than 45 cm of Hwaeomputkong. In the same tests, fresh pod of Nokwon (11.4 ton/ha) yielded 14% higher than Hwaeomputkong (10.0 ton/ha). Nokwon had 5.9 cm fresh pod length, 13.1 mm fresh pod width, 75.4 g seed weight per 100 green seed, 39.4% green seed protein content, and 17.3% green seed oil content.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.581-594
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• 2021

In 2020, about 132 million m³ of aggregate was produced in Korea. Of the total domestic aggregates produced in 2020, about 33.3 % was sand and about 66.7% was gravel. It estimated that of the 132 million m³ of aggregates in Korea in 2020, about 52% was produced by screening crushed aggregate, by 36% by forest aggregate, 3% by land aggregate, 5.6% by sea aggregate and 2.5% by washing each other, and 0.4% by river aggregate. This indicates that screening crushed aggregate and forest aggregate are the main producers of domestic aggregates. Leading producing metropolitan cities were Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Incheon in order decreasing volume, which together accounted for about 72.4% of total product. In 2020, aggregates were produced in 153 cities, about 67% of the 231 cities of Korea, 38 local governments have developed aggregates of more than 1 million m³, and the combined production of the 38 cities accounted for about 65% of national total. This means that the aggregate extraction trend of local governments is becoming larger and more concentrated. In 2020, at 153 local governments, a total of 889 operations produced aggregates with 420 operations by permission, 469 operations by declaration. A review of production by size of operation indicated that about 17 million m³ (12.8% of the total aggregate) was produced by 14 operations reporting production of more than 1 million m³. In about 420 operations, the maximum period of permit is 32 years to at least 2 months. When the remaining period of permit is taken into account, only about 55% of active operations can be developed the aggregate after 2021. In order to maintain the permitted aggregate volume by 2020 level, it will be necessary to obtain an extension permit or find new operation sites for at least 200 or more operations.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2023

The purpose of this study identifies the production of aggregate every year, and is to understand the supply and demend prospects. In 2021, the total of 135 million m³ of of aggregates was produced in Korea, a slightly increase from the total production of 2020. Of these, about 47 million m³ of sand and about 88 million m³ of gravel were produced. About 46% of total quantity of aggregates were produced with permission and the rest were aggregates produced after declaration. It estimated that of the 135 million m³ of aggregates in Korea in 2020, about 49.6% was produced by screening crushed aggregate, by 36.8% by forest aggregate, 2.6% by land aggregate, 6.8% by sea aggregate and 2.6% by washing each other, and 0.2% by river aggregate. This indicates that screening crushed aggregate and forest aggregate are the main product as in 2021. Leading producing metropolitan governments were Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Incheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do in order decreasing volume. In 2021, aggregates were produced in 148 local governments, and The 10 leading producing local governments were, in descending order of volume, Hwaseong, Ongjin, Paju, Pocheon, Gwangju, Youngin, Cheongju, Gimhae, Anseong, west EEZ. The combined production of the 10 leading local governments accounted for 30% of the national total, and. 47 local governments have produced aggregates of more than 1 million m³ each other. In 148 local governments that produced aggregate, a total of 805 active operations produced aggregate with 372 operations by river, land and forest aggregate, 433 operations by selective crushed and washing aggregate.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.279-323
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• 2019

The musical characteristics of Fishing songs in North Korean which recorded on Anthology of North Korean Folk Songs were examined in this paper. The results are as follows. Among Fishing songs in North Korea, there are "Rowing Song," the "Song for Hauling Nets," and the "Song for Picking Up Fish" in songs related to walleye pollack fishing and in songs related to croaker fishing, the "Song for Dropping Anchor" and the "Full-Load-of-Fish Song" in songs related to croaker fishing, the "Song for Weighing Anchor," the "Song for Shaking Fish," the "Full-Load-of-Fish Rowing Song," and the "Song for Hanging Walleye Pollack" in songs related to walleye pollack fishing. There are the "Song for Setting a sail" and the "Song for catching shells" in Fishing songs in North Korea, too. In the rhythmic elements of Fishing songs in North Korea, the tempo of the "Songs for Setting a sail" is moderato, and that of the "Songs for Picking Up Fish" of songs related to anchovy or herring fishing is quite slow. "Rowing Songs"(croaker fishing) have various tempos but faster than moderato, and usually get faster and faster as time goes by. Most songs have 4/♩. time and there are some of 2, 3 or 5 time. Some songs use irregular time or 6 time overlapping 2 beats. The mode Menari is the most common tonal system used in fishing songs of North Korea. And the mode Susimga, the mode Changbutaryeong, the mode Nanbongga, and the mode Odolttogi are also used in the tonal system of Fishing songs in North Korea. There are shoutting intonations that have indefinite pitch, too. Modulation or interaction by the mode Changbutaryeong appeared in songs of the mode Menari. There is a tendency to favor a certain tonal system by category. Responsorial form is mostly used, but in the most cases, they were sung in solo. In responsorial songs, several calling songs overlap with the responding songs. Durchkomponiert form is sung by antiphon or in solo, but the case sung in solo originally seems to have been sung by antiphon or unison, if we consider the procedure of the work. The "Song for Picking Up Fish" of Seonbong-gun of North Hamgyeong Province and Yangyang-gun of Gangwon Province, the "Full-Load-of-Fish Song-Bongjuktaryeong" of Jeungsan-gun of South Pyeongan Province and "Full-Load-of-Fish Song-Baechigisory" of Taean-gun of South Chungcheong Province, "Rowing Song" of Nampo City and Ganghwa-gun of Gyeonggi Province are resembled. In neighboring areas, even if the songs of different categorys, sometimes share a same melody. In a certain category, sometimes a same melody is shared to a considerable distance. It was first identified that in anchovy or herring fishing or dybowskii' sand eel fishing, the "Song for Picking Up Fish" is widely shared in the East Sea Coast area.