• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.987-995
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• 2011

Co-planar PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls) of non-ortho are investigated in soil and ginseng on the North Gyeongbuk with HRGC/HRMS. PCB77 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0007 pgTEQ/g and 0.0009 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB81 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0113 pgTEQ/g and 0.0108 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Also PCB126 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0907 pgTEQ/g and 0.0944 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB169 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.1027 pgTEQ/g and 0.1061 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB77 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0008 pgTEQ/g. Then PCB81 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0104 pgTEQ/g and 0.0112 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB126 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0585 pgTEQ/g and 0.0579 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB169 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.0697 pgTEQ/g and 0.0700 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Relationship of PCBs in between soil and ginseng shown significance($R^2$ : 0.99).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.871-878
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• 2018

The government of Gyeongbuk in Korea increased the financial input in the agricultural sector by 43% from 2008 through 2012. However, the productivity of the agricultural sector in Gyeongbuk rose only about 3.6% during the same period. This study evaluated the agricultural competitiveness of each city or county in Gyeongbuk using six evaluation indices (scale, productivity, finance input, location quotient, technical education, and total) and investigated the relationship between the indices and total values of agricultural productions. The results show that Sangju, Gyeongju, Andong, Uiseong, and Seongju have high competitiveness for the scale index. For the productivity index, Gimcheon, Mungyeong, Ulleung, Yeongju, and Seongju were highly evaluated. For the location quotient index, Yeongcheon, Uiseong, Cheongdo, Seongju, and Sangju have high competitiveness. Uiseong, Yeongdeok, Cheongsong, Gunwi, and Yeongyang were highly evaluated for the agricultural finance input index. For the agricultural technical education index, Chilgok, Sangju, Mungyeong, Uiseong, and Gyeongju have high competitiveness. Finally, Sangju, Euiseong, Yeongcheon, Gyeongju, and Andong were highly evaluated for the total competitive index, while Yeongdeok, Yeongyang, Goryeong, Uljin, and Cheongsong have a low competitiveness for the total competitive index. This study also found that out of five indices, scale, location quotient, and technical education indices have a positive and statistically significant effect on the total values of agricultural production. However, we did not find any statistically significant effect of the productivity and finance input indices on the total values of agricultural production. Hence, we can conclude that the government should focus their agricultural policy on scale, location quotient and education to improve total agricultural production.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2012

PCDDs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-$p$-dioxins) and PCDFs(polychlorinated dibenzofurans) are measured in soil of Yeungju and Sangju on North Gyeongbuk to investigate the risk assessment of dioxins. Dioxins are analyzed by HRGC/HRMS(high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometer). 2,3,7,8-T4CDD and 1,2,3,7,8-Pe5CDD in soil on Yeungju and Sangju are not detected. Also, 2,3,7,8-T4CDF is not detected in soil on Yeungju and Sangju. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 1.957 pg/g and 0.294 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Yeungju soil are 2.251 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 1.220 pg/g and 0.420 pg/g, respectively. Total of dioxins in Sangju soil are 1.640 pg/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0049 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0123 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Yeungju soil are 0.0172 pg WHO-TEQ/g. PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0065 pg WHO-TEQ/g and 0.0213 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Total of dioxins with PCDDs and PCDFs in Sangju soil are 0.0278 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Amount for pg/g concentration unit of PCDDs is higher than amount of PCDFs in soil. But, WHO-TEQ of PCDFs is higher than WHO-TEQ of PCDDs in soil.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

To obtain the residual organochlorine pesticides in the culture environment of ginseng on Sangju, Gyeongbuk, the analytical methods for BHC isomers, Aldrin, DDE, Dieldrin, DDD, Endrin and DDT by GCECD are surveyed. The relative retention times for $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, Aldrin, DDE, Dieldrin, DDD, Endrin and DDT were 1.000, 1.042, 1.049, 1.086, 1.202, 1.335, 1.341, 1.371, 1.391 and 1.439, respectively The BHC isomers, Aldrin, DDE, Dieldrin, DDD, Endrin and DDT were separated on the base line. The qualified detection concentration for $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC and $\delta$-BHC is 0.43, 1.33, 0.54 and 1.63 ng/g and it's of Aldrin, DDE, Dieldrin, DDD, Endrin and DDT were 0.63, 0.50, 0.66, 0.74, 0.96 and 0.88ng/g, respectively. BHC isomers, Aldrin, DDE, Dieldrin, DDD, Endrin and DDT were not detected in culture environment of ginseng on Sanaju, Gyeongbuk. The detection concentration for Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, and As in ginseng were 0.0086ppm, 0.0020ppm, 0.0200ppm, 0.0271ppm and 0.0220ppm, respectively, which were also lower than the 30ppm Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory level for heavy metal in herbal medicines.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 2008

Cucumber is high valued cash crop, for it is grown during the winter season in plastic house. Recently, virus disease spread widely in cucumber growing area and cause severe income loss. Therefore, occurrence of virus disease on cucumber were surveyed from 2004 to 2006 in Sangju and Gunwi area, Gyeongbuk province. The rate of plastic house which has infected plants was $55.0{\sim}88.6%$. Infection rate was the highest at Sangju in 2006 than others and ranged from 15 to 90.0% per plastic house. The 217 samples showing virus symptom were analyzed by RT-PCR using appropriate detection primer. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV) has the highest infection rate(detected over 85%) and followed by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV). But Watermelon mosaic virus-2(WMV-2) was not detected in our survey. Therefore, we conclude that ZYMV is major pathogene of virus disease on cucumber. ZYMV induced chlorosis and severe mosaic on the leaves and distortion on the surface of fruits.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

To obtain the safety evaluation of the ginseng, residues of heavy metals in culture environment of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju, Kyeongbuk are surveyed. The concentration for component of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju were 14.12mg/kg and 15.74mg/kg, respectively. The concentration for general component such as crude fiber, ash, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, of ginseng were coincided between Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Punggi were 14.24 ppb, 43.13 ppb, 8.73 ppb and 0.82 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Sangju were 19.20 ppb, 54.82 ppb, 15.90 ppb and 1.04, respectively. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the soil with culture ginseng on Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Punggi were 29.30ppb, 21.78 ppb, 1.32 ppb and 2.72 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Sangju were 3.22 ppb, 24.43 ppb, 1.44 ppb and 4.74 ppb, respectively. Also the detection concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in ginseng were also lower than the Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory level for heavy metal in herbal medicines. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the ginseng on Punggi and Sangju at Kyeongbuk, Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2010

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in ginseng, the residues of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in samples on the Yeungju and Sangju are surveyed. Cd and Hg in ginseng on Yeungju and Sangju is not detected. 0.21 mg/kg of As, 0.39 mg/kg of Cr, 0.14 mg/kg of Pb, 1.83 mg/kg of Cu, 3.93 mg/kg of Zn and 0.43 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Sangju are shown. 0.25 mg/kg of Cr, 0.08 mg/kg of Pb, 1.11 mg/kg of Cu, 8.99 mg/kg of Zn and 1.15 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Yeungju are detected. As and Pb in ginseng on Sangju are 7.0% and 2.8% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level, respectively. Pb in ginseng on Yeongju are 1.6% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level. The heavy metals such as AS, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are range of 0-20% for with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) level. BHC isomer, DDT isomer and endosulfan isomer are not detected in ginseng and soil on Yeongju and Sangju, respectively. Finally, the assessment of hazardous materials of the heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in ginseng on the Youngju and Sangju are verified the safety the level compare with tolerances level for Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2008

To investigate the actual condition of orchard and pest management of persimmon orchards, a questionnaire was ask to the farmers in major cultivated areas of persimmon and dried persimmon, Sangju, Gyeongbuk in 2007 and 2008. 91.1% of persimmon farmers was over fifties in age and 94.7% of persimmon farmers was cultivated 'Sangjudungshi'. The greatest limiting factor for persimmon production was thought to be disease by the 58.4% of persimmon farmers and the most serious disease was anthracnose by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. 60.2% of them was answered that the most serious insect pest was scale insects. Obtaining of knowledge or information on pest management depended own experience (37.2%) and 48.7% of answered farmers was decision-marking of pesticides depending on agrochemical market. 54% of persimmon farmers was applied pesticides $3{\sim}5$ times per year. Just 17.7% of them recorded the diary of pesticide application. The greatest problem for management of pest in persimmon orchard was lack of knowledge of pest (60.2%) and farmers considered increasing cost for pest management as the greatest problem with 52.2% in proportion. 66.4% of farmers was mixed cultivation with soybean (37.7%) and hot pepper (26.1%) in persimmon orchard. 44.2% among answered farmers mixed cultivation of persimmon with production of dried persimmon and 54.5% of farmers considered lack of labor as the greatest problem in production of dried persimmon.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 2004

For the purpose of developing natural antioxidant, the antioxidative activity of phenolics isolated from Korean Mulberry(Morus) fruits was determined. Optimum extracting condition for phenolics were 60$\%$(v/v) ethanol. The content of rutin and isoquercetrin as flavonoids were 82.83 mg/100 g and 43.23 mg/100 g respectively. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined with extracts from Mulberry fruits. Results showed 98$\%$ inhibition on ABTs by 80$\%$ ethanol extract and 1.25 PF on antioxidant protection factor by 60$\%$ ethanol extract. Electron donation ability on DPPH was higher 60$\%$ ethanol extract than other ethanol extracts. Also, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of extracts was higher 60$\%$ ethanol extract than other extracts.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.421-426
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• 2008

Three year-old peony (Paeonia. lactiflora Pall. cv. Taebaek) was cultivated in green-house at Jan. 15, Feb. 15, or Mar. 15, respectively. The mean of temperature during the forcing cultivation was higher (air; $1.0{\sim}11.1^{\circ}C$, soil; $1.1{\sim}7.4^{\circ}C$) than that of open-field condition. From sprouting to flowering in peony cultivated at Jan. 15 was about 54 days, which is shorted the cut flower periods (ca. 26 days) compared with the open-field cultivation. However, earlier forcing cultivars were very susceptible to pathogens such as powdery mildew or gray mold. The yield in green house was also lower than in the open-field cultivation. The content of bioactive compounds such as paeoniflorin and albiflorin in green-house cultivars was similar that of open-field cultivars. These results showed the forcing cultivation time of peony at Feb. 15 in green-house was most desirable for commercialization.