• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2013

Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are critical to the development and progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic diseases. In this study, the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on gut-derived lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were evaluated using a human colonic microbiota model. Lactobacillus reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis, B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. longum subsp. infantis were identified from the literature for their anti-inflammatory potential. Each bacterial culture was administered daily to a human colonic microbiota model during 14 days. Colonic lipopolysaccharides, and Gram-positive and negative bacteria were quantified. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with supernatant from the human colonic microbiota model. Concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-4 cytokines were measured. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations were significantly reduced with the administration of B. bifidum ($-46.45{\pm}5.65%$), L. rhamnosus ($-30.40{\pm}5.08%$), B. longum ($-42.50{\pm}1.28%$), and B. longum subsp. infantis ($-68.85{\pm}5.32%$) (p < 0.05). Cell counts of Gram-negative and positive bacteria were distinctly affected by the probiotic administered. There was a probiotic strain-specific effect on immunomodulatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. B. longum subsp. infantis demonstrated higher capacities to reduce TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations ($-69.41{\pm}2.78%$; p < 0.05) and to increase IL-4 concentrations ($+16.50{\pm}0.59%$; p < 0.05). Colonic lipopolysaccharides were significantly correlated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that specific probiotic bacteria, such as B. longum subsp. infantis, might decrease colonic lipopolysaccharide concentrations, which might reduce the proinflammatory tone. This study has noteworthy applications in the field of biotherapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

• 생태와환경
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.156-169
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• 2021

동물플랑크톤 군집 연구에 DNA 바코딩과 같은 DNA 분석 기법의 적용은 분류형태학을 기반으로 하는 전통적인 종동정 시 발생할 수 있는 문제(e.g. 개체의 표현형 가소성에 의한 오동정, 유사종 및 자매종, 유생 시기의 종 동정의 어려움)를 보완할 수 있다. 최근 DNA 시퀀싱 기술의 발전으로 다양한 수생태계의 동물플랑크톤 군집은 물론, 육안 및 현미경을 통해 구분하는 데 한계가 있는 동물플랑크톤의 위 내용물에 대한 DNA 기반 군집 분석 또한 가능하게 되었으며, 이는 동물플랑크톤의 섭식 먹이원 분석을 통한 생물학적 상호작용을 이해를 돕는다. 본 논문은 동물플랑크톤 연구에 DNA 분석 기법이 활용된 사례(e.g. DNA 바코딩을 이용한 계통분류학적 연구, 메타바코딩을 이용한 군집 분석, 위 내용물 분석)를 소개하고 분석 방법을 요약하여, 최종적으로 향후 이를 활용하고자 하는 연구자들에게 연구 접근성을 높일 수 있도록 방법론적인 기초 지식을 제공하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with $8.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1827-1831
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• 2015

Background: We generated a mouse model of prostate cancer based on the adult-prostate-specific inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) using the Cre-loxP system. The potential of our mice as a useful animal model was examined by evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of the anti-androgen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA). Materials and Methods: Six-week-old mice were treated subcutaneously with $50{\mu}g/g$ of CMA three times a week for 9 or 14 weeks and sacrificed at weeks 15 and 20. Macroscopic change of the entire genitourinary tract (GUT) and histologically evident prostate gland tumor development were evaluated. Proliferation and apoptosis status in the prostate were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: CMA triggered significant shrinkage of not only the GUT but also prostate glands at 15 weeks compared to the control (p=0.017 and p=0.010, respectively), and the trend became more marked after a further five-weeks of treatment. The onset of prostate adenocarcinoma was not prevented but the proliferation of cancer cells was inhibited by CMA, which suggested the androgen axis is critical for cancer growth in these mice. Conclusions: Conditional PTEN-deficient mice are useful as a preclinical model for chemoprevention studies and serve as a valuable tool for the future screening of potential chemopreventive agents.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

Bombyx mandarina is widely accepted as ancestor of B. mori. Silkworms are served as well-characterized models for understanding the mechanism for the genetic regulation of development. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis to examine tissue-expression of gloverin isoforms of the silk-gland, mid-gut, and fat body in B. mandarina. BLAST analysis revealed that four gloverin isoform gene sequences of B. mandarina were highly similar to B. mori. To identify the difference between two species, the expression profile of gloverin was measured by semi- RT-PCR analysis. The specific expression of gloverin isoform genes was observed mainly in the fat body from B. mori but not B. mandarina. However, all of tissues in the wild-type silkworm could induce the upregulation of compared with the B. mori. To validate the sudden increase in gloverin gene expression in the mid-gut tissue of B. mandarina, we were using qRT-PCR. Relative mRNA expression rate of gloverin at the wild-type silkworm was much higher than domestic silkworm. Comparative genomics between domesticated and wild silkworms showed different tissue-expression levels in some of immune related genes. These results are suggesting a trend toward decreasing immunity related genes expression during domestication. Further studies are needed to elucidate the silkworm domestication and an invaluable resource for wild silkworm genomics research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1726-1733
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• 2012

The effect of genotype, fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology, environment and microflora was studied using 18 Mong Cai (MC) and 18 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire (LY) pigs, aged around 60 d. The diets were based on maize, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal and soybean oil, and cassava residue (CR) or brewer's grain (BG) as fibrous ingredient sources in the high-fibre diets (HF). A low-fibre diet (LF), containing around 200 g NDF/kg dry matter (DM), was formulated without CR and BG as feed ingredients. The HF diets (HF-CR and HF-BG) were formulated to contain around 270 g NDF/kg DM. The experiment was arranged according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial completely randomized design with six replications, and lasted 30 d. Crypt density in ileum was lowest (p<0.05) and villus height in jejunum and ileum were the greatest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-BG. Villus width in ileum was greatest in pigs fed diets HF-CR and HF-BG (p<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in stomach were greatest (p<0.05) and E. coli counts in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05), and pH in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. Crypt density in ileum was lowest, and villus height in ileum and villus width in jejunum and ileum was greatest in LY pigs (p<0.05). LAB counts in stomach and ileum were greatest, and E. coli counts in ileum were lowest in MC pigs (p<0.05). The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05) and pH lowest (p<0.05) in MC pigs.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.168-181
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the Enneagram personality types of nursing students. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 225 nursing students living in D city from 14, November to 17, November in 2005. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percent with SPSS. The findings of this study were as follows : In the nine Enneagram personality types, type 9 was highly measured and the next order was type 1, 4, 7, 2, 8, 6, 5, 3. In the triadic center of Enneagram personality types, gut type was highly measured. The next order was heart type and head type. In the wing, 9W1 was highly measured and the next order was 1W9 and 'both wing is equal'. In the disruption and integration, the disruption rather than integration was highly measured. In the disruption and integration according to personality types, the integration rather than disruption was highly measured in type 2, 6, 1. In the disruption and integration according to triadic center, the disruption was highly measured in gut type and the integration was highly measured in heart type and head type. The most development level was level 5. The next order was level 6, 4, 7, 3. There was no one present in level 1, 2, 8, 9. The results of this study suggest that there is need of individual guide considering Enneagram personality types in nursing students. We need to develop various group counseling program related to Enneagram personality types.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2017

Purpose: The gut microbiota can influence several diseases through immune modulation; however, the exact role of microbes such as Clostridium difficile and the relationship between microbiota colonization and allergic diseases are not well known. This study aimed to determine the relationship between C. difficile colonization and/or infection (CDCI) during infancy and allergic diseases during early childhood. Methods: Infants 1-12 months of age presenting changes in bowel habits for more than 2 weeks were enrolled in this study. After dividing them into 2 groups according to the presence and absence of C. difficile, the risk of allergic disease development during childhood was identified and compared. Results: Sixty-five patients were included in this study; 22 (33.8%) were diagnosed with CDCI. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the C. difficile-positive and-negative groups except for antibiotic exposure (22.7% vs. 60.5%, P=0.004). Compared to the C. difficile-negative group, the risk of developing at least one allergic disease was higher in the C. difficile-positive group after adjusting other variables (adjusted odds ratios, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-20.74; P=0.007). Furthermore, food allergies were more prevalent in the C. difficile-positive group (P=0.03). Conclusion: CDCI during infancy were associated with a higher risk of developing allergic diseases during early childhood. These results suggest that CDCI during infancy might reflect the reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota, which is associated with an increased risk of allergic sensitization. To identify the underlying mechanism, further investigation and a larger cohort study will be needed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.621-626
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• 2012

초파리는 발생과 질병연구를 위한 모델 곤충으로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서도 초파리를 모델곤충으로 한 장질환 연구의 일환으로 다양한 병원균 감염 및 장질환 유발시 어떻게 장줄기세포가 작용하는지를 이해하기 위해 초파리 장세포의 일차배양 방법을 확립하였다. 초파리 성충으로부터 장을 해부하고 다양한 효소를 처리하여 장세포를 분리한 후 배양하였다. 배양세포의 생존여부는 현미경 검경 및 MTS assay에 의해 확인한 결과 배양 후 9일째 최대 증식되었고 14일까지 생존함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 장줄기세포 및 장내분비세포의 존재도 immunostaining에 의해 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 구축된 초파리 일차배양 장세포는 다양한 유전자에 의한 장줄기 세포 조절연구뿐만 아니라 장에서 발생하는 다양한 질병을 연구하는 도구로 매우 유용할 것으로 추측된다.