• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gut contents

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Seaweed Derived Oligosaccharides and its Health Beneficial Effects on Gut Health (해조류 유래 다당류와 장 건강)

  • Yang, Hyosun;Lee, Yunkyoung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.465-475
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    • 2016
  • The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) has increased continuously in worldwide, but no cure have been discovered. The etiology of IBD may include various factors such as genetics, epigenetic, environment as well as host immune system. Among the environmental factors of IBD, diet heavily influences gut health, especially non-digestible dietary fiber can have a great impact on selective growth of beneficial gut microbiota called probiotics. Seaweeds have been consumed in Asia countries and are a rich source for dietary fiber. Accumulated data have suggested the possibility of utilizing seaweed derived oligosaccharides as prebiotics to prevent IBD and its recurrence. In this review, seaweed derived oligosaccharides such as fucoidan and laminarin regarding gut health and potential therapeutic tools for IBD will be discussed based on studies conducted in vitro and in vivo models.

Babeisa duncani infection alters gut microbiota profile in hamsters

  • Shangdi Zhang;Jinming Wang;Xiaoyun Li;Yanbo Wang;Yueli Nian;Chongge You;Dekui Zhang;Guiquan Guan
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.61 no.1
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    • pp.42-52
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    • 2023
  • The genus Babesia includes parasites that can induce human and animal babesiosis, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The gut microbiota has not been examined in hamsters infected by Babesia duncani. Red blood cells infected with B. duncani were injected into hamsters through intraperitoneal route. To evaluate the changes in gut microbiota, DNAs were extracted from small intestinal contents, acquired from hamsters during disease development. Then, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria was sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Gut microbiota alternation and composition were assessed according to the sequencing data, which were clustered with >97.0% sequence similarity to create amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were made up of the major components of the gut microbiota in all samples. The abundance of Bacteroidetes elevated after B. duncani infection than the B. duncani-free group, while Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota declined. Alpha diversity analysis demonstrated that the shown ASVs were substantially decreased in the highest parasitemia group than B. duncani-free and lower parasitemia groups. Potential biomarkers were discovered by Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, which demonstrated that several bacterial families (including Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, Clostridia UGG014, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) were potential biomarkers in B. duncani-infected hamsters. This research demonstrated that B. duncani infectious can modify the gut microbiota of hamsters.

Feeding Selectivity of Postlarvae of White Croaker (Argyrisomus argentatus) in Kwangyang Bay, Korea (광양만 보구치 (Argyrosomus argentatus) 후기자어의 먹이 선택성)

  • CHA Seong-Sig;PARK Kwang-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2001
  • To investigate the food organisms and feeding selectivity of the white croaker (Argrosomus argentatus) during the postlarval stage, the gut contents of the postlarvae, captured in Kwangyang Bay in 1995, were observed, The food organisms were composed of copepod egg and nauplius, Codonellopsis sp. and Tintinnopsis spp. The indices of relative importance indicated that the most dominant food item was a copepod nauplius. As white croaker larvae grew, the size of prey items and the selectivity for copepod nauplius increased.

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Dietary Supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus Extract Modulates Gut Microflora in Weaned Piglets

  • Yin, Fugui;Yin, Yulong;Kong, Xiangfeng;Liu, Yulan;He, Qinghua;Li, Tiejun;Huang, Ruilin;Hou, Yongqing;Shu, Xugang;Tan, Liangxi;Chen, Lixiang;Gong, Jianhua;Kim, Sung Woo;Wu, Guoyao
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.1330-1338
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut microflora in weaned piglets. A total of sixty pigs were weaned at 21 d of age (BW = $5.64{\pm}0.23kg$) and allocated on the basis of BW and litter to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet+0.02% colistin), and ASE group (basal diet+0.1% ASE). On d 7, 14 and 28 after consuming the experimental diets, five piglets per group were sacrificed and then the contents from the jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected to determine changes in the microbial community by using a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique and estimating the contents of Lactobacillus and E. coli by in vitro culturing methods. The results showed that the ASE promoted the microflora diversity in the cecum. Enumeration of bacteria in the gut contents showed that the number of Lactobacillus increased (p<0.05), while that of E. coli decreased (p<0.05) when compared with the other 2 groups as the days of age progressed post-weaning. These findings suggested that the ASE, as a substitute for dietary antimicrobial products, could improve the development of the normal gut microflora and suppress bacterial pathogens, and effectively promote a healthy intestinal environment.

The Study on the Divinity of Korean Shamanism 1 (한국무속의 신격 연구1 - 서울과 고성의 재수굿을 중심으로 -)

  • Sim, Sang-gyo
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.36
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    • pp.365-414
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    • 2018
  • This paper studied the type and character of the Divinity in Korean shamanism. The study of the Divinity means the hierarchy of shamanism, the relationship between shamanism and divinity, and the comparison between shamanism and divinity. The study of the shamanistic divinity based on Kim Tae - Gon's collection of anthology by Shaman(1971). The Jaesugut was composed of the contents of the gods blessing human beings. The JaesuGut of Seoul vary from 10 to 18 depending on the author. The JaesuGut of Goseong consists of 8 Gut. The essence of the ritual gut is to pray for the peace of the individual by using the world which is not explained by reason and science. It is a reincarnation that reflects the world of experience that is stored in the memory of human being that both reason and science can not explain. And the desire to escape from fear was reflected in Jaesu Gut. Every Jaesu Gut in Seoul and Goseong has a main divinity. This main divinity is attached to the divinity in another Gut and becomes a subordination divinity. It also becomes a subordinate-subordination divinity to the another Gut. The gods of reincarnation are basically taken in the order of national security ${\rightarrow}$ local security ${\rightarrow}$ home security.

The Implications of Changes in Learning of East Coast Gut Successors (동해안굿 전승자 학습 변화의 의미)

  • Jung, Youn-rak
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.36
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    • pp.441-471
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    • 2018
  • East Coast Gut, Korean shamanism ritual on its east coastal area, is a Gut held in fishing villages alongside Korean east coastal area from Goseong area in Gangwon-Do to Busan area. East Coast Gut is performed in a series mainly by a successor shaman, Korean shaman, who hasn't received any spiritual power from a God, and the implications of this thesis lie in that we look over the learning aspects of Seokchool Kim shaman group among other East Coast Gut successor shaman groups after dividing it into 2 categories, successor shaman and learner shaman and based upon this, we reveal the meaning of the learning aspects of East Coast Gut. For successor shamans, home means the field of education. Since they are little, they chased Gut events performing dance in a series to accumulate onsite experiences. However, in the families of successor shamans that have passed their shaman work down from generation to generation, their descendents didn't inherit shaman work any longer, which changed the way of succession and learning of shaman work. Since 1980's, Gut has been officially acknowledged as a kind of general art embracing songs, dance and music and designated as a cultural asset of the state and each city and province, and at art universities, it was adopted as a required course for its related major, which caused new learner shamans who majored in shamanism to emerge. These learner shamans are taking systematical succession lessons on the performance skills of East Coast Byeolshin Gut at universities, East Coast Byeolshin Gut preservation community, any places where Guts are held and etc.. As changes along time, the successor shamans accepted the learner shamans to pass shaman work down and changes appeared in the notion of towners who accept the performer groups of Gut and Gut itself. Unlike the past, as Gut has been acknowledged as the origin of Korean traditional arts and as the product of compresensive learning on songs, dance and music and it was designated as a national intangible cultural asset, shaman's social status and personal pride and dignity has become very high. As shaman has become positioned as the traditional artist getting both national and international recognition unlike its past image of getting despised, at the site of Gut event or even in the relation with towners, their status and the treatment they get became far different. Even towners, along with shift in shaman groups' generation, take position to acknowledge and accept the addition of new learning elements unlike the past. Even in every town, rather than just insisting on the type or the event purpose of traditional Gut, they think over on the type of festival and the main direction of a variety of Guts with which all of towners can mingle with each other. They are trying to find new meanings in the trend of changing Gut and the adaptation of new generation to this. In our reality of Gut events getting minimalized along with rapid change of times, East Coast Gut is still very actively performed in a series until now compared to Guts in other regions. This is because following the successor shamans who have struggled to preserve the East Coast Gut, the learner shamans are actively inflowing and the series performance groups preserve the origin of Gut and try hard to use Gut as art contents. Besides, the learner shamans systematically organize what they learned on shamanism from the successor shamans and get prepared and try to hand it down to descendents in the closest possible way to preserve its origin. In the future, East Coast Gut will be succeeded by the learner shamans from the last successor shamans to inherit its tradition and develop it to adapt to the times.

The Gut Content Analysis of Polypedilum scalaenum in the Large-scale Weirs of 4 Major River Ecosystems (4대강 보에 서식하는 삼지창무늬깔따구(Polypedilum scalaenum) 위 내용물 분석)

  • Na, Young-Kwon;Jo, Hyunbin;Park, Jae-Won;Chang, Kwang-Hyeon;Kwak, Ihn-Sil
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2020
  • Chironomidae widely utilize as a biological indicator that has various types of feeding pattern such as omnivorous, herbivorous and carnivorous. Polypedilum scalaenum is known as omnivorous, it plays an important role in the food chain of freshwater ecosystems in Korea. Nevertheless, detailed information about diet items of P. scalaenum is still lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify the gut and intestine contents of items on P. scalaenum inhabiting the large-scale weirs of the four major river ecosystems(Ipoh Weir, Sejong Weir, Juksan Weir, Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir, and Dalseong Weir). Phytoplankton was dominant diet items among the study sites. However, zooplankton (i.e. appendages, setae) only found in Ipoh Weir. The phytoplankton species composition in the study sites was correspond to the diet items in the gut and intestine contents of P. scalaenum. In summary, analysis of P. scalaenum gut and intestine contents in this study was able to identify the feeding characteristics of omnivorous Chironomidae, and in particular, it was possible to study the species composition of basic producers in the surrounding aquatic environment by analyzing the contents of the digestive tracts.

Microbial composition in different gut locations of weaning piglets receiving antibiotics

  • Li, Kaifeng;Xiao, Yingping;Chen, Jiucheng;Chen, Jinggang;He, Xiangxiang;Yang, Hua
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.78-84
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to examine shifts in the composition of the bacterial population in the intestinal tracts (ITs) of weaning piglets by antibiotic treatment using high-throughput sequencing. Methods: Sixty 28-d-old weaning piglets were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The Control group was treated with a basal diet without antibiotics. The Antibiotic group's basal diet contained colistin sulfate at a concentration of 20 g per ton and bacitracin zinc at a concentration of 40 g per ton. All of the pigs were fed for 28 days. Then, three pigs were killed, and the luminal contents of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were collected for DNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing. Results: The results showed that the average daily weight gain of the antibiotic group was significantly greater (p<0.05), and the incidence of diarrhea lower (p>0.05), than the control group. A total of 812,607 valid reads were generated. Thirty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were found in all of the samples were defined as core OTUs. Twenty-one phyla were identified, and approximately 90% of the classifiable sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. Forty-two classes were identified. Of the 232 genera identified, nine genera were identified as the core gut microbiome because they existed in all of the tracts. The proportion of the nine core bacteria varied at the different tract sites. A heat map was used to understand how the numbers of the abundant genera shifted between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: At different tract sites the relative abundance of gut microbiota was different. Antibiotics could cause shifts in the microorganism composition and affect the composition of gut microbiota in the different tracts of weaning piglets.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on the energy status and antioxidant capacity in heart and liver of cold-stressed broilers

  • Li, Chengcheng;Peng, Meng;Liao, Man;Guo, Shuangshuang;Hou, Yongqing;Ding, Binying;Wu, Tao;Yi, Dan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.1444-1454
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    • 2020
  • Objective: Cold stress induces oxidative damage and impairs energy status of broilers. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits antioxidant properties and modulates energy metabolism of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NAC on energy status and antioxidant capacity of heart and liver in the cold-stressed broilers. Methods: The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or plus 0.1% NAC) and two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral [conventional ambient temperature] or cold stress [10℃±1℃ during days 15 to 42]). Results: No ascites were seen in cold-stressed broilers. NAC did not attenuate the impaired growth performance of stressed birds. However, NAC decreased plasma asparagine but increased aspartate levels in cold-stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but elevated adenosine diphosphate contents in unstressed birds (p<0.05). The hepatic ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP was increased in birds fed NAC (p<0.05). NAC decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cardiac total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in unstressed birds, but increased hepatic activities of T-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC down-regulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase but up-regulated cardiac heme-oxigenase mRNA expression in stressed birds, and decreased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in liver and heart of birds. Conclusion: Dietary NAC did not affect energy status but enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cold-stressed broilers.