• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.80-92
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• 2022

Recently, remote work has arisen due to the social atmosphere and advancement of digital technology. Although effective in premeditated communications such as conferences or meetings, the current technology such as messengers and video chats insufficiently supports impromptu communications like a chance encounter, daily conversation with colleagues, or brief instant meetings. This causes various problems such as a decrease in social belonging and an increase in social isolation. The virtual workplace, which emerged as an alternative to this technology, is merely replicating the workplace layouts in reality with an absence of the proper design guideline. Therefore, this paper aims to establish the foundation for the better design of the virtual workplace for remote-work employees. The research compared 12 current workplace cases with the analysis with 5 categories(Spatial Composition, Scale, Individual & Collaboration Workplace, Socializing Space), and discovered the following results: 1) some design principles of the real workplace can be applied on the virtual workplace design, 2) the architectural components of the virtual workplace can differ from them of the real. Based on the results, the research suggests both the appropriate design methodologies of the virtual workplace considering the design principles of the real office layouts, and the design direction for the future of the virtual workplace. This research will be the foundation for the future design of the virtual workplace.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.831-839
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• 2023

This study aims to develop a framework for an accident prediction model leveraging a deep neural network algorithm, specifically tailored for small-scale construction sites. Notably, the incidence of accidents in the construction sector is markedly higher compared to other industries, with a significant contribution from small-scale sites. The challenging nature of construction in urban settings, coupled with the increasing frequency of adverse weather conditions, is likely to escalate accident risks at these sites. Anticipating and mitigating accidents at small-scale construction sites is therefore crucial to decrease the overall industry accident rate. Consequently, this research introduces a Deep Neural Network-based model for forecasting accidents at small-scale construction sites. The framework and findings of this study are poised to serve as a guideline for the safety management of small-scale construction projects, ultimately aiding in the realization of safer, more sustainable construction practices at these sites.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.53-61
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• 2017

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of web-based three-dimensional (3D) printing-related service platforms, which allow consumers to collect 3D modeling data, make requests for production, and receive goods through a distribution service using the service platform. The application of 3D printing technology has been expanded to the construction field, yet no guidelines for the related service platform or operation examples can be found. Therefore, the functions of 10 web-based 3D printing service platforms actively used in other industries were investigated and analyzed in this study, and the analysis results were used as a guideline to develop a 3D printing service platform for the construction industry. In addition, the design, construction and distribution services to be equipped with the construction 3D printing service integration platform were presented by creating the driving scenario of the platform. As 3D printing technology develops, the overall construction and architectural paradigms for design, construction and distribution will change. To prepare for such changes and to pioneer the digital construction market in the future, the role of the 3D printing service platform is expected to increase continually.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2016

In this study, the proposal to seek ways to reduce the amount of radiation is drawn by comparing and analyzing CT Dose Index(CTDI) on the pediatric head CT which was performed at the busan regional hospitals, to the national diagnostic reference levels. As a result, it was appeared to exceed the amount of the dose recommendation in order of hospital, general hospital and senior general hospital in the hospital-specific classification and from 2 to 5 year, from 1 month to 1 year and from 6 to 10 year in the age-specific classification. In addition, the amount of the dose recommendation was exceed in order of helical, axial and volume in the scan-specific classification. As the results of the scan range reset to match the diagnostic reference level, the dose reduction showed 11.68%, 15.79% and 20.66% in senior general hospital, general hospital and hospital respectively. In the results of analysing patient average scan ranges which does not deviate from the guideline of patient dose recommendation, there was age of 1 month to 1 year, 2 to 5 year and 6 to 10 year of $03.2{\pm}11.8mm$, $110.5{\pm}14.5mm$, and $117.8{\pm}17.2mm$ respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.743-750
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• 2008

Recently Bridges crossing waterway are constructed in navigable waterway, so marine accidents near bridges navigable waterway often occurred bemuse that has affect dangerous element for. This paper analysed the necessary environmental factors to navigate safely near bridges and how to set up the environmental factors. Marine accidents elements occurred near bridges relate to span of bridge, size of navigating ship, length of straight way and traffic volume except mistake of mariners. As results of marine accident parameter analysis, Span of bridge is necessary more than 300m at least based on marine accident's analysis, and in case of more than ship's Length 150m, span of bridge is necessary more than 500m, $3{\sim}4L$(L; Ship's Length). Length of straight way before bridge is necessary more than 8L to minimize the marine accident.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2010

Purpose : Recent changes in the population structure of Korea, such as rapid decline in birth rate and exponential increase in old-aged people, prompted us to prepare a new health improvement program in children and adolescents. Methods : We reviewed current health screenings applied for children and adolescents in Korea and other developed countries. We collected and reviewed population-based data focused on mortality and morbidity, and other health-related statistical data. We generated problem lists in current systems and developed new principles. Results : Current health screening programs for children and adolescents were usually based on laboratory tests, such as blood tests, urinalysis, and radiologic tests. Almost all of these programs lacked evidence based on population data or controlled studies. In most developed countries, laboratory tests are used only very selectively, and they usually focus on primary prevention of diseases and health improvement using anticipatory guidance. In Korea, statistics on mortality and morbidity reveal that diseases related to lifestyle, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, are increasing in all generations. Conclusion : We recommend a periodic health screening program with anticipatory guidance, which is focused on growth and developmental surveillance in infants and children. We no longer recommend old programs that are based on laboratory and radiologic examinations. School health screening programs should also be changed to meet current health issues, such as developing a healthier lifestyle to minimize risk behaviors—or example, good mental health, balanced nutrition, and more exercise.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.593-631
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• 2017

Like the technological competition of each country around commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles(the rest is 'AV'), legalizations are also in a competition. However, in the midst of this competition, the Ethik-Kommission Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren of Germany has recently introduced 20 guidelines. This guideline is expected to serve as a milestone for future AV legislations. In this paper, I have formulated a new legislative proposal that will incorporate the main content presented by the Ethik-Kommission. The structure is largely divided into general rules of purpose and definition, chapter on types of AV and safety standards, registration and inspection, maintenance, licenses for AV, driver's obligations, insurance and accident responsibilities, roads and facilities, traffic system, and chapter on penalties. The commercialization of AV in Korea seems to be in a distant future, and it is possible to pretend that it is not necessary to prepare legal systems. But considering our reality, leading legislation may be necessary. In this paper, I have prepared individual legislative proposals based on the essential matters based on the criminal responsibility in case of AV car accidents. To assure the safety of AV, AV and mode of operation were defined for more clear interpretation and application of law, and basic safety standards for AV were presented. In addition, the obligation of insurance and the liability for damages were defined, and the possibility of immunity from the criminal responsibility was examined. Furthermore, I have examined the penalties for penalties such as hacking in order to secure the effectiveness of the Act. Based on these discussions, I have attempted the 'Autonomous Vehicles Act', which aims to provide a basis for new discussions to be held on the basis of various academic fields related to the operation of AV and related industries in the future. Although there may be a sense of unurgency in time, the automobile industry needs time to prepare for the regulation of the AV ahead of time. And a process of public debate is also needed for the ecosystem of healthy AV industry.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.35-59
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• 2018

Professor Bin Cheng said that outer space was res extra commercium, while the moon and the other celestial bodies were res nullius before the 1967 Outer Space Treaty(OST). However, Article 2 of the OST made the moon and other celestial bodies have the legal status as res extra commmercium, not appropriated by any country or private enterprises or individual person, but the resources there can be freely available, as those on the high seas. The non-appropriation principle was introduced to corpus juris spatialis internationalis. Whether or not the non-appropriation principle is binding for the non-parties of the OST, many scholars see this principle as an international customary law, even developing into jus cogens. Article 11(2) of the Moon Agreement(MA) reconfirms the nonappropriation principle of Article 2 of the OST, but it has much less effect than the OST because the MA binds only the 18 parties involved. The MA applies only to the moon and celestial bodies other than the Earth in the Solar System, the OST's application scope extends to the Galaxy because the OST has no such substantive enactment. As referred to in the 2015 CSLCA of USA or Luxembourg's Law of Space Resources, allowing individuals and enterprises run by other countries to commercially explore and utilize the space resources, the question may arise whether this violates the non-appropriation principle under Article 2 of the OST and Article 11 of the MA. In the case of the CSLCA, the law explicitly specifies that sovereignty, possessory rights, and judiciary rights to a specific celestial body cannot be claimed, let alone ownership. This author believes that this law respects the legal status of outer space and the celestial bodies as res extra commmercium. As long as any countries or private enterprises or individuals respect the non-appropriation principle of outer space and the celestial bodies, they could use, exploit it. Another question might be raised in the difference between res extra commercium on the high seas and res extra commercium in outer space and the celestial bodies. Collecting resources on the high seas and exploiting space resources should be interpreted differently. On the high seas, resources can be collected without any obstacles like fishing, whereas, in the case of the deep sea-bed area, the Common Heritage of Mankind principles under the UNCLOS should be operated by the International Seabed Authority as an international regime. The nature or form of the sea resources found on the high seas are thus different from that of space resources, which are fixed on the moon and the celestial bodies without water. Thus, if individuals or private enterprises collect these resources from outer space and the celestial bodies, they might secure a certain section and continue collecting or mining works without any limitation. If an American enterprise receives an approval from the U.S. government, secures the best location and collects resources on the moon, can other countries' enterprises access to this area? How large the exploiting place can be allotted on the moon? How long should such a exploiting activity be lasted? Under the current international space law, these matters might be handled according to the principle of "first come, first served." As a consequence, the international community should provide a guideline or a proposal for the settlement of any foreseeable disputes during the space activity to solve plausible space legal questions in the near future.