• Title/Summary/Keyword: Growth rates

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A Study on the Family Planning Status of an Urban Slum Population (일부도시영세민의 가족계획 실태에 관한 연구)

  • 노순영
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.50-61
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    • 1973
  • Despite the intensive family Planning program of the government, which has reduced the :average population growth to 2.0 percent in 1970, the continuing high fertility rates and poor family planning services in urban slum areas has been continually pointed out by various evaluation seminars. Thus, it was felt that a study of the current status of family planning in an urban slum population was needed. The aims of the study were to: (1) delineate the general characteristics of the urban slum population (2) discover the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of family planing. (3) determine what was felt to be the ideal number of children. (4) determine the status of induced abortion. A random stratified sample of 200 women was selected from a population of 3, 118 married women, 20-49 years of age, living in the Yonsei Community Health Project area and registered at the Yonhee Community Health Service Institute. The respondents were interviewed by the investigates, using a pretested questionary, from the period of October 1 to October 30, 1972. The findings of the Study were as follows: 1. Afore than half of the respondents were in the high fertility age group (25-34): of lower educational level (under primary School) : from rural areas: and with unstable sources of income. 2. The average respondent had 3.6 living children. 3. Most of the respondents had knowledge of contraceptive methods such as the Loop(78, 5%) and Oral pill (87.0%). 4. Seventy seven percent of the respondents recognized the Health Center as an available source for family planning. 5. About seventy percent of the respondents approved of family planning. 6. Eighty four point five percent of all the respondents answered that using contraceptives is harmful to maternal health. 7. Currently, 21.0 percent of the respondents were using contraceptives, while 40.0 percent of the respondents were current users or had used contraceptives. 5. Of the respondents who had ever stopped using contraceptives, 78.0 percent gave side effects as the reason they discontinued the method. 9. The average number of ideal children reported by the respondents was 3.5. 10. If they had only 2 daughters, 85.5 Percent of the respondents thought they must have more children. 11. Sixty nine point five percent of the respondents approved of induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies, while 34.5 percent of the respondents had experienced induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies. The mean number of induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies was 0.7. 12. The result of this study showed that such urban slum population would be one of the most important target of the family planning services, therefore further social-psychological researches with technical development on this area are recommended.

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The Optimum Salinity and the Effects of the Rapid Salinity Change on Oxygen Consumption and Nitrogen Excretion in River Puffer, Takifugu obscrus (급격한 염분변화에 따른 황복의 산소소비와 질소배설)

  • Lee Jeong-Yeol;Kim Deock-Bae
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2005
  • The optimum salinity and the effects of rapid salinity change on oxygen consumption and ammonia nitrogen excretion were examined in River Puffer Takifugu obscrus (total length 9.5$\pm$0.9 cm, total weight 18.7$\pm$5.4 g). Fish examined at the different transfer medium salinity (2, 12, 22 and 32 psu) after 2 months of acclimation period at each salinities. The routine metabolic rates of River puffer are shown as parabola equation, $Y=-0.0873X^2+0.6384X-0.690$ for oxygen consumption and $Y=-2.1667X^2+7.1672X+31.999$ for ammonia nitrogen excretion with the salinity medium at 2, 12. 22 and 32 psu. The oxygen consumption and ammonia nitrogen excretion of River puffer trans-ferred to the low salinity medium (2 and 12 psu) showed significantly difference in each salinities rearing groups than to salinity of 22 and 32 psu. Fish has a diurnal rhythm in relate to feeding, it was showed that the peak of oxygen consumption appeared at 3 hours after feeding and the ammonia nitrogen excretion rate reached maximum 4 hours after feeding. These results may indicate that the optimum salinity for rearing of River puffer is 22 psu based on growth and feed conversion ratio. The rapid change of medium salinity had no effects on the oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion in River puffer based on this experiment.

Nutritional Properties and Biological Activities of Artemisia annua L. (개똥쑥의 영양적 특성 및 생리활성)

  • Ryu, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Ra-Jeong;Lee, Soo-Jung;Kim, In-Soo;Lee, Hyun-Ju;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2011
  • The nutritional properties and biological activities of leaves and stems of Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) were investigated. Contents of moisture, crude lipid and crude protein were significantly higher in the leaves, and then ash, crude fiber and mineral were significantly higher in the stems. Contents of total phenols and flavonoids of leaves were about 2 fold higher than those of stems. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner; also, water and ethanol extracts of leaves were stronger than those of stems. Especially, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition activity were significantly higher in leaves extracts than stems extracts of Gaeddongssuk. But, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was higher in stem than its leaves extract. In MTT assay by human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, ethanol extracts of leaves showed the highest anticancer activity; the rates of growth inhibition were 76.26% and 52.59% on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, at the concentration of $250\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. In conclusion, biological activities of extracts from Gaeddongssuk were dependent on the fiber, phenolic and flavonoid content.

Mycelial growth and wood decaying enzymatic activity analysis by various addition rates of oak powder in the liquid spawn of Lentinula edodes (참나무분 첨가에 따른 표고 액체종균의 균체생산 및 효소 활성)

  • Kim, Jeong-Han;Kang, Young-Ju;Baek, Il-Sun;Jeoung, Yun-Kyeoung;Lee, Yong-Seon;Cho, Hae-Seok;Lee, Young-Soon
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.74-78
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    • 2018
  • This study was carried out to establish a suitable method for liquid spawn production from Lentinula edodes. The optimum production of liquid spawn (OLS) was achieved using soybean meal medium (SMM) with 0.3% of 850 um oak powder and 10-day incubation period and 0.6 vvm aeration volume. OLS showed activities of laccase on ABTS agar plate and carboxymethyl cellulase (CM-cellulase) on CMC agar plate. In case of liquid spawn, fruiting-body development period was delayed approximately 1 day compared to that of sawdust spawn, however, the yield of 153 g per 1.2 kg polypropylene bag was similar to that of sawdust spawn.

Growth of Li2B4O7 Single Crystal and Its Thermoluminescent Properties (Li2B4O7 단결정 성장과 열형광 특성)

  • Park, Kang-Soo;Ahn, Jung-Keun;Kim, Dong-Jin;Hwang, Yoon-Hwae;Kim, Hyung-Kook;Park, Myeong-Hwan;Kang, Hee-Dong;Kim, Do-Sung
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2003
  • Thermoluminescent properties of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal grown by Czochralski method have been investigated. The high quality $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal without core was obtained at rotation speed of 10 rpm for seed crystal and pulling speed below $0.18\;mm{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The structure of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal was classified as tetragonal by XRD analysis. The TL glow curve was composed with three overlapped peaks which can be easily deconvoluted and the TL response of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal TLD to X-ray radiation is linear within the range of $50\;mGy{\sim}1.5\;Gy$. Activation energies of three TL glow peaks analyzed by the various heating rates method and PL spectrum were 0.93, 1.78 and 2.25 eV, respectively.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

Pigment-forming bacteria in the presence of L-typrosine and their possible role in the browning of fermented soybean products (대두발효식품의 갈변과 관련된 티로신산화 세균에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Seung-Kyu;Kyung, Kyu-Hang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.376-381
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    • 1986
  • A hypothesis that Korean home-made fermented soybean products are brown-pigmented in large part by contaminated bacteria is proposed. Twenty six strains of bacteria forming brown pigments in the presence of L-tyrosine were isolated from home-made soybean paste. They were characterized and all were identified as strains of Bacillus subtilis. The isolates produced dark brown to brownish black pigmentation on yeast extract-peptone-glucose agar (YPGA) supplemented with 0.1% L-tyrosine in 72 hours but not on YPGA. They also caused different depress of lighter pigmentation on potato dextrose agar and nutrient agar. When an arbitrarily chosen pigmenting isolate was cultivated in a liquid medium supplemented with L-tyrosine, it began to produce pigments only after cell growth stopped. The tyrosinase enzyme was extracted and the enzyme activity was measured by using L-tyrosine and 3-hydroxytyrosine (L-dopa) as substrates. The crude enzyme preparation porduced pigments at rates of $2.1\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;and\;5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$ optical density units/min measured at 490㎚ for tyrosine and dopa, respectively. Possible content of L-tyrosine in a soybean paste formula was calculated.

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Morphology of RF-sputtered Mn-Coatings for Ti-29Nb-xHf Alloys after Micro-Pore Form by PEO

  • Park, Min-Gyu;Park, Seon-Yeong;Choe, Han-Cheol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2016.11a
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    • pp.197-197
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    • 2016
  • Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Manganese(Mn) plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering in the various PVD methods has high deposition rates, high-purity films, extremely high adhesion of films, and excellent uniform layers for depositing a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys and ceramics like a hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study is to research the Mn coatings on the micro-pore formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by RF-magnetron sputtering for dental applications. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. Mn coatings was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Mn coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

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Effects of paper ash on the neutralization of nursery soil acidity (종이 소각재의 육묘상토(育苗床土)에 대한 산도교정(酸度矯正) 효과(效果) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Chang-Yong;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Park, No-Kwuon;Kim, Jong-Soo;Seo, Young-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.258-261
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    • 2001
  • The paper industry produces about 6,000 ton of paper ashes yearly with by-products in Yuhan-Kimberly Ltd. The paper ashes was analyzed and evaluated for their potential as the soil acidity amendment materials. This study was conducted to investigate a reasonable amount of paper ashes for soil acidity amendment effect to be applied onto raising seedling of Calendula officinalis L. The mixed proportion of applied ashes, which was compared with agricultural lime, was treated to 0, 5, 10 and 15% (v/v) in mixed soil (pH 6.0) and the peat moss (pH 3.8) respectively. Consequently paper ashe was found to be more effective than agricultural lime at germination percentage, growth condition and in sharp initial increase of soil pH. The appropriate proportion of applied paper ash was 10% (v/v) at the soil-mix, and 15% (v/v) at the peat-moss. Soil application of paper ashes may provide supplemental quantities of K, Ca, Mg and other plant nutrients. But heavy metal concentrations in paper ash was low and should not limit application rates.

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Photosynthetic Rates of 'Campbell Early' Organic Grape as Affected by Degree of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Pseudocercospora vitis (포도갈색무늬병 발병수준이 '켐벨얼리' 유기포도의 광합성률에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Young-Hyun;Bae, Su-Gon;Yeon, Il-Kwon;Kim, Kwang-Sup;Park, Sang-Jo;Park, Jun-Hong;Park, Jong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.773-786
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    • 2016
  • Grape cultivar "Campbell Early" account for 70% of table grape in Korea and Leaf Spot Disease caused by Pseudocercospora vitis is one of a major disease in greenhouse and field grown area during late summer season in both of organic and conventional grape farm. Leaf spot disease can cause lowing of sugar content in fruit and vine growth and very difficult to control especially in organic field. Photosynthesis ability and chemical components are compared between leaf spot disease infected leaves with degree of necrotic area. With increase of disease necrotic area, $CO_2$ differential value, water use efficiency and $CO_2$ assimilation and respiration ratio are decreased proportionally and on the other hand, stomatal conductance value is not affected by disease necrotic area. Chlorophyll contents are also decreased by 50% in heavily infected leaves and imply decrease of chlorophyll contents is a major source of photosynthesis ability decline. With increase of disease necrotic area in leaves, total nitrogen and phosphate contents are decreased and on the other side, total carbon, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents are increased. From this research, we can infer that not only chemical control program is important in control of leaf spot disease but also fertilizing program is significant especially in organic agronomical control of fungal disease in grape cultivar "Campbell Early".