• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) who were born at the Asan Medical Center and evaluate the recent status of neonatal intensive care and associated problems. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated 120 inborn ELBWI who were admitted to the NICU of the Asan Medical Center between 2003 and 2006. The survival rate, neurodevelopmental outcomes, maternal and infant factors, and infant mordibities were evaluated and the relationships with survival and catch-up growth were investigated. Results:The survival rate of the ELBWI was 82% at a mean gestational age of 27+2 weeks, and with a mean birth weight of 801.3${\pm}$129.0 g. The duration of hospitalization was 85.7${\pm}$27.2 days, the duration of O2 use was 43.9${\pm}$35.4 days, and the duration of ventilatory support was 20.9${\pm}$20.9 days among the survivors. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia were 41.8%, 61.2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The mean mental developmental index and psychomotor development index of Bailey Scales of Infant Development (II) at follow-up were 83.4${\pm}$18.2 and 83.3${\pm}$20.3, respectively. Among the infants who had >18 months of follow-up, 50.8% had catch-up growth at 12 months. Conclusion:The survival rate of ELBWI has improved; however, the morbidities remain high, thus indicating further efforts must be implemented to reduce morbidity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Retinal glial responses to hypertensive glaucomatous injury were spatiotemporally surveyed. Retinas as a whole or vertical sections were processed for anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), anti-Iba1, anti-nerve growth factor (NGF), and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ immunohistochemistry for confocal microscopic analyses. The optic nerve head of paired controls was processed for electron microscopy. GFAP positive astrocytes appeared in the nerve fiber layer in the glaucomatous and control retinas, changing from fine protoplasmic to stout fibrous parallel to glaucomatous duration. Iba1 positive microglia appeared in both retinas, and enormous reaction appeared at the latest glaucomatous. M$\ddot{u}$ller reaction detected by GFAP reactivity expanded from the end feet to whole profile following to duration in the glaucomatous. NGF reactivity expended from the end feet to the proximal radial processes of the M$\ddot{u}$ller cells in both retinas according to glaucomatous duration. TNF-${\alpha}$ immunoreactivity in the nerve fiber layer was stronger in both the glaucomatous and controls than in the normal, and exceptionally at the latest glaucomatous was even lower than the normal. The astrocytes in the optic nerve head are interconnected with each other via gap junction. These results demonstrate that astrocyte reaction propagates to the contralateral via physical links, and TNF-${\alpha}$ is correlated with NGF production for neuroprotection in response to hypertensive glaucomatous injury.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1989

녹조 편모류인 Dunaliella tertiolecta Butter를 광도, 광주기 및 온도 조건을 달리하여 배양한 후 조체내의 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 광주기와 온도 조건은 D. tertiolecta의 성장에 뚜렷한 영향을 주었고, 성장기에 최대 세포수는 $2.32{\times}10^6$, 세포 분열율은 1.97 division/day였다. 여러조건에서 배양한 조체의 지방산을 분석한 결과Cl6(Palmitic acid), C18 : 3$\omega$3 (cis-Linolenic acid)가 주성분이었으며 EPA나 DHA와 같은 고도의 불포화 지방산은 소량 검출되었다. 불포화 지방산(Polyene)은 배양 온도가 낮을수록 증가되었으며, 광도는 불포화 지방산 함량에 별로 영향을 미치지 못했다. 광주기 조건에서, 명주기를 오래할수록 D. tertiolecta의 성장은 증가했지만, 반면에 조체내의 불포화 지방산(Polyene)은 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

The age and growth of the Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae were investigated using left sagittal otoliths of 832 individuals collected in the mid-southern waters of Korea from January 2006 to April 2007. The seasonal changes in the ratio of an translucent zone to interval between annular rings revealed that the boundaries between translucent and opaque parts of the otolith were annual growth rings formed between May and June once a year. The spawning period was November to March and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the annual growth ring became fifteen months. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equations estimated using the average standard length at each age are the $L_{\infty}$ of 48.04cm, K of 0.1406/year and $t_0$ of -0.5116 for female and 26.14cm, 0.3056/year and -0.8202 for male, respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the growth of female is faster than that of male from age-2.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

Application of growth promoters by means of implantation or supplementation to the diets has been routine in the beef cattle industry of many countries for the better performance in growth and improvement of feed efficiency. Anabolic implants (zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol with testosterone or progesterone) have generated various positive effects. Zeranol implantation, in general, improved average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), dressing percentage (DP) and yield grade (YG) of cattle, and increased dry matter intake (DMI). Trenbolone acetate with or without estradiol also increased mean values of ADG and loin eye area (LEA) but reduced DMI and improved FC of cattle. Estradiol with testosterone or progesterone increased ADG and DMI. Anabolic implants, however, had minimal or negative effects on marbling or quality grade. The magnitude of the response to these anabolic implants in performance of beef cattle has varied depending on the type of implants, amount and duration of exposure, age of animals and combination of implants. Administration of bovine somatotropin improved ADG and FC, and decreased fat deposition. Ionophores improved FC in cattle from reduced DMI without great response to ADG. Supplementation of monensin and lasalocid reduced molar proportion of propionate. Monensin and lysocellin increased apparent absorption and retention of some minerals in cattle. Despite the improved cattle performance in growth and FC, results in beef quality from the application of the growth promoters appeared to vary or in conflict under a variety of environmental conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the enhancing effect of iontophoresis method as it transdermally deliver methylene blue (MB) using visual examination, in terms of penetration depth and tissue distribution in the skin, and to determine the effect of application duration on the efficacy of iontophoresis. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-minute groups. These rats were exposed to either topical or anodic iontophoresis of 1% MB using a direct current of $0.5mA/cm^2$ for 5, 10, 20, and 40 minutes. Using cryosections of rat tissues, the penetration depth of MB was measured using light microscopy. Results: Significant differences in the penetration depth (F=54.20, p<0.001) were detected among the four groups. Post hoc comparisons of the penetration depth of MB data pooled across groups showed no significant difference between all topical application groups and 5-minute iontophoresis group, but did reveal a significant difference in the penetration depth between all topical application groups and 5-minute iontophoresis group versus 10-minute group, between the 10-minute and 20-minute group, and between the 20-minute and 40-minute iontophoresis group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that iontophoresis enhances transdermal delivery of MB across stratum corneum of skin barrier by visual examination. Furthermore, the penetration depth of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of MB was dependent on the application duration. The duration of iontophoresis is one of the important factor in the efficacy of iontophoresis application.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the sources of vitamin D (duration of exposure to sunlight, intake of major food sources for vitamin D or vitamin D supplements) on the serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ levels, and the physical growth of a child. Methods: Subjects were 296 children aged 1 to 5 years who visited S hospital located in Changwon City. Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method, and the biochemical data were collected using hospital records. Results: The study subjects were divided into three groups according to their levels of serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ (deficient, relatively insufficient, sufficient) and their percentage were 48.3%, 44.3% and 7.4% respectively. The average concentration of serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ was $20.41{\pm}6.55ng/mL$, which was relatively insufficient. The average duration of exposure to sunlight was $58.86{\pm}49.18minutes/day$. A total score of vitamin D major food sources was 46.71 points (full marks 153), and the most frequently consumed food items were milk, eggs, and cheese. Thirty-four percent of the subjects took vitamin D supplements and their dose were $11.96{\mu}g/day$. Three vitamin D sources in sufficient group were higher than deficient or relatively insufficient group significantly. Intake of vitamin D supplements showed positive relation (+) and high explanation power ($R^2=0.288$) on serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ concentration, but intake of vitamin D major food sources (+) and the duration of exposure to sunlight (+) had a low explanation power ($R^2=0.068$). The relations between serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ concentration and physical growth (height and weight) were shown as negative (-), and their explanation powers were low as 7.3% and 5.9% respectively. Conclusions: This study results can be useful when discussing the intake standard of vitamin D and the effective intake method for children. In addition, it will be helpful to build the children's nutrition policy and to plan the nutrition education program to improve the vitamin D status in children.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2020

수경재배 시설 내에서 토마토를 재배할 때 대목사용에 따른 수확 시기별 수확량 변화와 생육지표를 활용한 생육차이를 살펴보고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. '감마'를 접수로 '파워가드', 'T1', 'L1', 'B.blocking'을 대목으로 접목한 토마토 접목묘 4종류와 접목하지 않은 '감마'를 실생묘로 실험에 사용하였다. 재배는 장기재배를 하는 토마토 수경재배 비닐하우스에서 재배되었다. 토마토의 총 수확량을 조사한 결과 대목을 사용하여 접목한 토마토 '파워가드'의 수확량과 접목하지 않은 토마토의 수확량은 각각 8,428g과 7,645g으로 나타났다. 생육 후기 접목한 토마토 'B.blocking'과 실생 토마토의 개화위치는 각각 17.58cm와 14.92cm였다. 이같은 결과는 토마토에 있어서 대목을 사용하는 것이 수확량이 높고 수확 후기까지 식물체가 균형있는 생장을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 접목묘와 실생묘의 수확량 차이는 정식 236일 째인 19화방부터 크게 나타나기 시작하였다. 토마토 장기재배를 할 경우에는 대목을 사용하는 것이 높은 수량을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2008

벼 어린모의 육묘일수가 지연될 경우 모소질이 불량하여 본답의 이앙상태가 불량하게 되어 이를 보완하기 위해 본답 이앙재배시 질소 분시방법이 노화된 어린모의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 시험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 어린모(8일모) 비하여 육묘일수가 지연된 8일 지연된 16일모는 성묘율, 배유양분 잔존율 및 근활력이 낮아졌다. 2. 초기생육은 육묘일수가 지연된 16일모가 8일모 관행 시비구(40-30-30)보다 낮았으나, 16일모 기비중점 시비구(70-0-30%)의 초장, 경수, 신근수 및 근활력은 8일모 관행 시비구(40-30-30%)와 비슷한 경향이었다. 3. 출수기 생육은 육묘일수가 지연된 16일모 기비중점 시비구(70-0-30%)가 경수, 건물중, 엽면적이 가장 높았고, 16일모 관행 시비구(40-30-30%)는 가장 낮았다. 4. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 육묘일수가 8일로 지연될 경우 등숙비율, 천립중이 떨어지며, 기비중점 시비구(70-0-30%)는 수수와 수당립수가 많았고, 수량은 8일모 관행 시비구(40-30-30) 비해 3% 증수되었다. 5. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 육묘기간이 8일정도 지연된 어린모를 본답에 이앙하여 재배할 경우 기비중점 시비가 생육 및 수량에 유리한 재배방법으로 사료되었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2008

본 연구는 오이묘의 생육단계에 따라 저온처리 온도와 지속기간이 오이 생육, 과실특성 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 10시간 저온처리(3℃ 및 0℃)하여 20일간 수경재배한 오이의 초장은 무처리 (20℃)에 비해 각각 25 및 30%, 엽면적은 34 및 37% 감소되었으나, 6℃ 처리에서는 무처리와 큰 차이가 없었다. 저온처리 기간에 따른 생육저해는 처리 시간에 비례하여 증가하는 경향이었다. 2. 저온처리(3℃, 10시간)횟수를 1, 2 및 3회로 증가할수록 초장, 엽면적 및 건물중은 무처리에 비해 크게 감소하였으나 1회와 2회 처리간에는 유의차가 없었고, 3회 연속처리에서만 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 오이과실의 개화 후 일수에 따른 신장속도는 무처리는 0.61~2.60cm/일 인데 비하여 0℃, 15시간의 저온 처리는 0.59~2.26cm/일로 약 10% 감소되었다. 4. 저온처리(0~3℃,10시간)는 오이의 상품과율을 25~26% 감소시켰고, 하품과율은 현저히 증가시켰다. 5. 오이 수량은 6℃, 10시간 처리에서는 무처리와 차이가 없었으나 3℃와 0℃처리는 무처리에 비해 20일묘에서 15~25%, 30일묘에서 22~37% 감수되었다. 0℃에서 5시간, 10시간 및 15시간 저온처리하였을 때에는, 무처리에 비해 각각 18%, 30%, 및 36% 감수되었다.