• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2012

The growth rates of offspring of selected abalone (SA), Haliotis discus hannai, population for rapid growth were compared to those of offsping of the control abalone (CA) at bred under the same condition. The growth traits (shell length, shell breadth and total weight) of SA were significantly faster than those of CA at this experiment. At the 45th day and 90th day, the growth rates in shell length of SA were estimated 31.7% and 17.8% faster than those of CA, total weight of SA were estimated 43.7% and 25.6%, respectively. Moreover, the relative growth rate between shell length and total weight of SA showed significant differences higher than one in CA at 90th day. The results suggest a possibility of improving the growth rate of cultured abalone using selection techniques.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Objective : Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gyungohkgo-gamibang extract on hair growth and protein expression in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including normal (vehicle), Gyungohkgo-gamibang extract (YNS-10) and 5% minoxidil-treated group. The test materials were daily applied with 0.1 ml per mouse on shaved dorsal skin for 3 weeks. The hair growth was monitored by photograph at 5, 10, 15, 21 days after topical application. Then the changes of hair density and hair thickness in the hair-removed area were evaluated by phototrichogram using folliscope. Also the expression level of growth factors related to hair growth was measured by western blotting. Results : Application of minoxidil or YNS-10 stimulated the hair growth compared to vehicle treatment. Therefore hair density of minoxidil or YNS-10 application was increased about 200% and 210% more than in vehicle application on 14 day, respectively. And hair thickness of both minoxidil group and YNS-10 group was increased about 220% and 210 % more than in vehicle spreading on 14 day, respectively. Futhermore the protein expression of IGF-1 and VEGF were significantly up-regulated on 7 day in YNS-10 and minoxidil-spreaded group compared to vehicle-applied group. Conclusion : These data suggest that YNS-10 has potent stimulating activity on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and potential usefulness as ingredients of hair tonic and hairrestore.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2021

Growth differences in Caulerpa okamurae thallus parts and the effects of apex removal on growth were examined. Erect fronds, stolons, and erect fronds with stolons (erect+stolon) were grown for 14 days, whereas erect fronds without and with apex removal (-A and +A fronds, respectively), were grown for 25 days. The relative growth rates (RGR) of C. okamurae thallus parts ranged from 1.91% to 4.93% day^-1 with maximal and minimal RGR for the stolon and erect+stolon treatments, respectively. Over the 25 days in culture, the -A fronds showed a higher RGR (2.48% day^-1) than the +A fronds (1.96% day^-1). More new erect fronds and stolons were produced by -A fronds than those by +A fronds. In addition, basal cutting of erect C. okamurae fronds resulted in a greater plant length increase than that obtained from top cutting. These findings indicate that vegetative growth is common in C. okamurae, which has excellent wound healing ability, and cutting damage to erect fronds may stimulate enhanced vegetative growth. Thus, we suggest that stolons and erect fronds of C. okamurae could be used as seeding materials for large scale cultivation. Furthermore, this edible species could be a potential seaweed resource for rapid skin regeneration cosmetics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2001

An on-farm trial was conducted in temperature-controlled lactation rooms at a commercial pig farm to investigate the efficacy of broadcasting sow suckling grunts from day 4 of lactation, on increasing piglet growth to weaning. In the Broadcast treatment, sows and litters were exposed to a 3-min broadcast from loud-speakers every 42 min. The Control treatment was not exposed to the broadcast. All sows and litters had similar husbandry and piglets were provided with creep feed on the floor twice daily. In each of the three replicates in time, the Broadcast and Control treatments were allocated to different lactation rooms at random and there were 12 sows and litters per treatment per replicate. A total of four identical lactation rooms were available for the trial, each containing 28 conventional sow and litter crates with piglet heater in the creep area. A non-trial room separated the two treatment rooms in each replicate to minimise the chance that the broadcast grunt stimulation was audible to the Control treatment litters. Five "normal and average-looking" piglets from the trial litters were weighed twice, 7 d apart. The cohort of five piglets was identified by ear-tags and formed the experimental unit for the statistical analysis. The average (${\pm}SD$) age of piglets at initial weighing was 7.7(${\pm}2.22$) days. For each litter, mean piglet live weight at day 14 of lactation was estimated by linear regression of the two weights recorded seven days apart, when on average, the Broadcast treatment had been exposed to the stimulation for 10 days. Piglets in the Broadcast treatment were heavier (p<0.01) at day 14 of lactation compared to Control treatment (4.24 and 3.92 kg, respectively) and tended to have a greater average daily weight gain over the 7-d period (245 and 228 g/day, respectively; p<0.08). The results suggest piglet growth was improved by about 8% in response to the regular, timed broadcast of sow suckling grunts in the lactation shed. The independent contributions of milk and creep feed to the improved growth remain to be determined.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Feeding regimens was investigated for the growth and survival rate of juvenile Maroon clownfish (Premnas biaculeatus) in order to establish a seed production technique for this fish. Three types of feeding regimens were used, and growth and survival were highest under the following regimen: rotifer from day 0, Artemia from day 4, copepod from day 9 and artificial food from day 15, respectively (P<0.05). The average body lengths of the larvae were $6.76{\pm}0.55\;mm$, $7.63{\pm}0.50\;mm$ and $7.33{\pm}0.43\;mm$ in the Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana and control treatments conducted with 3 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05). There were significant differences in larval growth between the treatments and controls conducted with 6 larvae/L and 9 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the N. oculata and I. galbana treatments (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in larval growth between the treatments at densities of 3-9 larvae/L (P>0.05). At highest density level, the larvae reared in I. galbana had the highest survival rate whereas survival was lowest in the control.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.298-300
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• 2001

Haematococcus pluvialis was cultured autotrophically and mixotrophically for astaxanthin production in bubble column photobioreactors with $CO_2$ and/or acetate supplements. Four different schemes were tested using 5% $CO_2$ balanced with 95% $N_2$ at the aeration rate of 0.1 vvm and supplementation of acetate (l g/L) to the basal medium, MBBM. Average specific growth rates based on cell total volume of each case were 0.138 $day^{-1}$ in control (without $CO_2$ and acetate supplements), 0.125 $day^{-1}$ with only acetate supplementation, 0.315 $day^{-1}$ with only $CO_2$ supplement, 0.304 $day^{-1}$with both $CO_2$ and acetate. The growth rate under $CO_2$ supply was much higher than that without $CO_2$ supply. DCO and DO seemed to be a possible limitation factor. Another interesting observation was the growth rate under $CO_2$ supplement (without acetate) was higher than that under both $CO_2$ and acetate supply. This result is the opposite of the previously reported works. From the result, the existence of acetate may suppress the dark reaction of $CO_2$ fixation or photosynthesis. Conclusively, the growth of H. pluvialis under photoautotrophic condition found to be higher than that under mixotrophic condition.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine sleeping patterns and diet patterns of the children in day-care centers in Seongdong-district and to find out the relationships between those two patterns and children growth. Methods : 686 day-care center kids participated in the examination. We measured their heights and weights. We also conducted a questionnaire survey (of them) on their sleeping patterns and diet patterns. Based on the findings, we have analyzed correlations of the factors. Results : 1. We have interviewed 686 children in day-care centers in Seongdong-district. Substantial survey was conducted to 672(14 kids didn't go through regular medical checkups). Their age ranged from 4 months to 120 months and weights covered from 6.20 kg to 50.80 kg with the average of 16.97kg. Their height ranges were from 70.4cm to 140.6cm and the average was 100.76cm. 2. The survey results showed that birth-height affects children's current height. The results from the group of age over 25months and the group covering 2 to 6 years indicated that birth-height affected the current height as well. However, the result from the age group over 37 months showed that birth-height didn't relate to the current height. 3. Results from questionnaires on sleeping patterns indicate that children sleeping longer are taller than the other. Results of other questionnaires showed no substantial relations to height. 4. Results from questionnaires on diet patterns, cold food eating habit affects growth. Conclusions : According to the results above, sleeping patterns substantially affects the growth. In order to find out, however, the specific relations between them, further research would be necessary.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 156 growth retarded preschool children who were randomly assigned to the following five groups : supplemental control (S-control; n=28); zinc supplementation (＋Zn; 3.5mg Zn/day, n=34); zinc and calcium supplementation (＋ZnCa; 3.5mg Zn ＋ 250mg Ca/day, n=37); zinc, calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋ZnCaVA; 3.5mgZn ＋ 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=28); and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋CaVA; 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=29). Another 34 children of normal height were selected as a normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months. After supplementation, the height gains in the ＋Zn group (7.84cm per year) and the ＋ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) were significantly higher than that in the S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P＜0.05). The weight gain in the ＋ZnCaVA group (2.55kg per year) and the ＋CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in the S-control group (2.19 kg per year, P＜0.05). The average number of days of illness in each group taking supplements was lower than that in the S-control group (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant differences in bone maturity were observed between the groups. In conclusion, in this study Zinc and Zinc ＋ Calcium supplementation improved the height gain, and vitamin A improved the weight gain, in growth retarded preschool children, but these supplements did not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation also lowered the morbidity of these children.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 1989

In a batch fermentation process using carrot cell suspension culture, the effect of initial concentration of limiting nutrients(glucose and phosphate) on the specific growth rate and cell yield was investigated. The period of exponential growth is about 2 days and the consumption of glucose and phosphate in culture medium was very small when the initial concentrations of glucose and phosphate are 1.49g/1 ~ 3.01g/l and 0.08 ~ 0.32mM respectively. The specific growth rate of cells ranged from TEX>$0.15\;day^{-1}$ to $0.3\;day^{-1}$ irregularly. And the ratio of the initial concentration of glucose to phosphate did not affect the specific growth rate and the cell yield. The increase on cells had linear relationship with the consumption of limiting nutrients. Therefore, the increase of cells was found to be more influenced by the concentration of glucose than that of phosphate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2013

Water is the most important resource for the maximum water use efficiency and yield of maize. Water has to be applied moderately based on the water requirement of maize. Crop water requirement (WR) is a function of the potential evapo-transpiration (PET) and crop coefficient (Kc). PET can be estimated by the climate data measured at the weather station in the production region. Kc was measured by the NIAST (RDA) through lysimeter experiments. In this study, the growth stage of maize was divided into five ones (G-1: Apr. 25 ~ May 20, G-2: May 21 ~ Jun. 20, G-3: Jun. 21 ~ Jul. 20, G4: Jul. 11 ~ Jul. 25, G5: Jul. 26 ~ Aug. 20). The average PET during maize growing season of the 45 areas was 2.85 mm $day^{-1}$. The highest water requirement was at the G-3 stage among the maize growth stages. The mean water requirement (MWR) according to growth stage was 1.74 ~ 2.42 (average 2.02), 2.99 ~ 4.21 (average 3.41), 3.82 ~ 5.25 (average 4.41), 3.05 ~ 4.31 (average 3.48), and 2.62 ~ 3.49 (average 3.01) mm $day^{-1}$ in the G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5 stage, respectively. The total water requirement (TWR) according to growth stage was 45.37 ~ 63.04 (average 52.56), 92.54 ~ 130.59 (average 105.77), 76.46 ~ 105.09 (average 88.14), 45.73 ~ 64.67 (average 52.20), and 68.25 ~ 90.75 (average 78.33) mm in the G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5 stage, respectively.