• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.104-108
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• 2023

This paper deals with research on innovative systems using Python-based artificial intelligence technology in the field of plant growth monitoring. The importance of monitoring and analyzing the health status and growth environment of plants in real time contributes to improving the efficiency and quality of crop production. This paper proposes a method of processing and analyzing plant image data using computer vision and deep learning technologies. The system was implemented using Python language and the main deep learning framework, TensorFlow, PyTorch. A camera system that monitors plants in real time acquires image data and provides it as input to a deep neural network model. This model was used to determine the growth state of plants, the presence of pests, and nutritional status. The proposed system provides users with information on plant state changes in real time by providing monitoring results in the form of visual or notification. In addition, it is also used to predict future growth conditions or anomalies by building data analysis and prediction models based on the collected data. This paper is about the design and implementation of Python-based plant growth monitoring systems, data processing and analysis methods, and is expected to contribute to important research areas for improving plant production efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-59
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• 2010

In this study, the indicators for evaluating the level of green growth in transportation are proposed. The authors reviewed the existing philosophies such as sustainable development and eco-efficiency and explained the differences between the philosophies and green growth. The planning hierarchy and indicator framework are proposed and the idea of indicators is also introduced. In order to decide the weighting value for objectives and targets, a questionnaire survey for transportation experts was conducted. The survey results show that low-carbon/environmentally-friendly development is the most important objective. In addition, the results reveal that transportation experts do not fully understand the concept of green growth and cannot differentiate the concept of green growth from that of sustainable development and eco-efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2013

The effects of temperature on spore release, growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Lithophyllum yessoense and Hildenbrandia rubra were examined. L. yessoense was collected at Galnam and H. rubra was collected at Gyeokpo, Korea. The experimental temperatures were different for spore release (10, 15, $20^{\circ}C$), sporeling growth (10, 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$) and photosynthetic efficiency (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$). All other culture conditions were the same: 34 psu, 12:12 LD and $50{\mu}mol$ photon $m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Spore liberation was maximal at $10^{\circ}C$ for L. yessoense and at $20^{\circ}C$ for H. rubra. After 14 days, the surface area of L. yessoense was 0.031 $mm^2$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and for H. rubra was 0.032 $mm^2$ at $20^{\circ}C$. Sporelings of L. yessoense were a dark-red color and grew in a round shape. In contrast, H. rubra was bright pink and changed from a round shape in the early growth stage to later become flabelliform. Photosynthetic efficiency was highest between $20-25^{\circ}C$ in both species. In conclusion, L. yessoense and H. rubra display different physiological features based on the optimal temperatures for spore release and sporling growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2022

In order to select suitable light in a plant factory, electric energy use efficiency and light use efficiency should be considered simultaneously to consider operating costs as well as quantitative and functional aspects. The growth characteristics, electric energy use efficiency, light use efficiency by light intensity, LED ratio, and photoperiod conditions were compared together. Light intensity is 60, 130, 230, and 320 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatments, and light quality is the mixing ratio of red light and blue light 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, and 2:8 treatments. Photoperiod is 9, 12, 15, and 18 hours treatments based on the daytime. In the light intensity experiment, the growth rate increased as the light intensity increased, but there was no significant difference in the light use efficiency. When comparing the leaf fresh weight per power consumption, only the 320 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatment group showed significantly low efficiency, and there was no significant difference in the other treatments, so 230 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, which produced the most, was the most efficient. In the light quality experiment, the ratio of red light and blue light was measured to be high at the same time as the growth rate and light use efficiency in RB 8:2, and there was no significant difference in color difference and flavonoids content, so a Red:Blue ratio of 8:2 was the most suitable condition. In the photoperiod experiment, the longer the photoperiod, the higher the growth rate. However, there was no significant difference in the growth rate over 12 hours of daytime, so 12 hours considering the light consumption efficiency was a suitable condition. Based on the above results, LED light environmental conditions for perilla growth in plant factories were light intensity, light quality, and day length of 230 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 or more, 8:2, and 12 hours or more, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

The IT industry has made rapid development and also had an economic impact on other industries Also, since the fourth industrial revolution has begun in recent years ago, so The convergence between IT and other industries is increasing. Therefore, the development of the IT industry will enhance the international competitiveness It will also have a major impact on the nation's economic growth. Therefore, IT firms should be more efficient in their production. so This paper analyzes the efficiency of High-growth IT firms using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR, BBC efficiency and RTS(return to scale) of 12 IT firms. As a result, there were 6 companies with BCC efficiency 1 and 4 companies with 1 CCR efficiency. The scale of profitability was analyzed by IRS as 7 companies and CRS as 5 companies. We also suggest the IT firms which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. It is expected to provide investors and external stakeholders with very useful information on managerial management efficiency.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

Antibiotics in veterinary medicine have been used to treat disease, promote growth rate and improve feed efficiency. However, alternative sources are needed because of of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and residues of antibiotics. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of CS682, a fermentation product of Korean soil bacteria, on safety, growth rate and feed efficiency, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Two dosages of CS682 (0.1% and 1%) were fed to chickens for 28 days. The results showed that, when compared to chickens in the control group, growth and feed efficiency was improved. Also, mortality, hematology, general clinical signs and necropsy were examined. Chickens in the treatment groups showed no adverse effects. A total of 72 weaning pigs were used to confirm the effects of CS682 at one dose level (0.1%) regarding feed efficiency. Supplementation with 0.1% CS682 also resulted in improved weight gain and feed efficiency ratio. Based on these results, CS682 may be effective in improving feed efficiency safely as a feed additive.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) on growth and P removal efficiencies of Pseudomonastaeanensis, known as the phosphorus accumulating microorganism. The heavy metals were added individually and with the binary mixture to the batch culturing system of Pseudomonastaeanensis. $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were used to quantitatively evaluate their effects on the growth and phosphorus removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis in those treatments. Additionally, additive index value method was used to evaluate the interactive effects of heavy metals for Pseudomonas taeanensis in this study. As those heavy metals were singly added to Pseudomonastaeanensis, the greatest inhibitory effect on its growth and P removal efficiency was observed in Cd, whereas, the smallest effect was found in Ni. As the concentrations of all heavy metals added were gradually increased, its growth and P removal efficiency was correspondingly decreased. Specifically, $IC_{50}$ of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $5.12mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.46mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.37mg\;L^{-1}$ and $14.56mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The P removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis was 81.1%. $EC_{50}$ values of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $4.08mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.17mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.90mg\;L^{-1}$ and $11.26mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In the binary treatments of heavy metals, the lowest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Cd + Cu treatment, whereas, the highest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Zn + Pb and Pb + Ni treatments, respectively. Most of the interactive effects for the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals were antagonistic. Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective individual and binary treatments of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiency of other phosphorus accumulating organisms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 1999

This study is to find out the effects of various iron concentrations on growth, feeding and feed efficiency of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, The growth rate, feeding rate and feed efficiency of olive flounder in each experiments were represented by the relative value. The relative growth rate and relative feed efficiency of olive flounder were kept almost constant below the iron concentration of 1.0 mg/$\ell$, but were significantly decreased above the 5,0 mg/$\ell$ iron concentration. The growth rate, feeding rate and feed efficiency of olive flounder exposed to 10.0mg/$\ell$ iron concentration were significantly decreased than that exposed to normal condition. From these results, it could be concluded that the high level of 5.0 mg/$\ell$ iron concentration in the bottom water would curtail production of olive flounder in coastal area.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.365-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to compare efficiencies, two stage efficiencies, and the reduction of economic growth due to the restraint of $CO_2$ and fossil fuel in two efficiency approach by pointing out the limit of traditional efficiency approach and introducing material balance approach. The efficiencies under the traditional approach and the material balance approach report significant gaps when they are analyzed in detail. Especially, in case not including fossil fuels, the low income countries show the bad performance of production efficiencies, but OECD and high-middle income countries reveal the better performance than that of the low countries. It fails to reflect the reality justly. Based on the material balance approach, the low income countries report the higher performance and the alleviated effect of environmental components for economic growth than OECD's.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effects of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) on the calving, reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo dams and the growth performance and disease occurrence of calves. Eighty seven experimental dams were allocated into two groups, bee venom treated (n=53, BV) and non-treated (n=34, control) of Hanwoo dams in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Calving period ($14.08{\pm}4.8$) and percentages of retained placenta (7.5%) in BV was shortened compared to control ($17.2{\pm}4.3$, 14.7%, respectively. P>0.05). Post-placenta periods was similar between two groups (P>0.05). Postpartum days ($36.5{\pm}4.3$) to first estrus and calving interval ($358{\pm}18$) were shortened compared to control ($40.2{\pm}5.2$, $375{\pm}23$, respectively) but have not significantly affected (P>0.05). Body weights ($43.5{\pm}3.0$) and average daily gains (0.62) of calves before 30 days old in BV were significantly higher than control ($40.3{\pm}5.3$, 0.52, respectively). The occurrence of respiratory disease and diarrhea in BV was relatively lower compared with Control. The present results indicate that bee venom may affect reproductive efficiency of dams and growth performance of calves.