• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide directions to help enter and expand long-distance routes by analyzing the characteristics of AirAsia X's network construction with Malaysia Airlines. To this end, long-distance route data was extracted from the OAG Schedule Analyzer and the network was analyzed on a two-period basis using SNA. Since AirAsia X's entry into long-range routes, Malaysia Airlines has steadily reduced its routes across the entire region. On the other hand, it is analyzed that AirAsia X is building an expanded network by increasing its network in Northeast Asia instead of ultra-long range routes. Studies have shown that LCCs also have potential growth in the long-distance route market of less than 7,000 km. The results of this study may help LCC establish a long-distance market entry and network deployment strategy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-49
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• 2024

Despite COVID-19 and the global economic depression, cosmetics exports are continuously increasing due to the growth of Hallyu consumption overseas. Thus, systematic research is needed to determine what impact Hallyu has on cosmetics. Many studies have been conducted on psychological distance, Hallyu preference, and the overall Korean product image, but research related to the image of cosmetics has been insufficient. AMOS 26.0 was used to empirically analyze the impact of cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference on the national image and the impact of the country's image on the image of cosmetics among females experienced with Hallyu in Indonesia and Malaysia. The empirical analysis showed that cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference had a positive effect on the national image, and the national image also had a positive effect on the image of cosmetics. Since Hallyu has a positive indirect effect on the image of cosmetics, it strengthens the competitiveness of cosmetics companies in overseas markets. In Indonesia, only cultural distance and Hallyu preference were found to affect the national image. However, in Malaysia, all variables affected the national image. Thus, even the same Hallyu content could have different effects on the national and cosmetic images in each country. Therefore, strategies for utilizing different Hallyu contents that are suitable for each country are needed to revitalize Korean cosmetics in overseas markets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

The objective of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting density on growth and yield of vegetable soybean, and to clarify the optimum planting density of vegetable soybean in the middle west region of Korea. The field experiment with 4 levels of planting density was carried out at Yesan area in $2005{\sim}2006$. The days from seeding to flowering and the days from seeding to harvesting and lodging were not significantly different among planting distance. The stem length was increased as planting distance was shortened but the number of node, branch, pod per branch, pod per individual, weight of stem and pod, one hundred pod weight and rate of 2+3 seed per pod were decreased as planting density was increased. The size of vegetable soybeans was not significantly different among planting distance, but the harvest index of vegetable soybean was decreased as planting distance was shortened. Yield of vegetable soybean was increased as planting distance was decreased. However, the approriate densities for stem and pod weight per a plant, number of pod per a branch and the vegetable soybean yield of 2+3 seed per pod were different from that density. The optimal planting distance of varieties was $60{\sim}25\;cm$ in Sunheukkong and Ilpumgeomjeongkong and was $60{\sim}35\;cm$ in Galmikong.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

The layered structure of cobalt dodecanesulfate was synthesized. A phase transition takes place at various temperature ranges and results in a drastic change of the layer distance. A monolayer structure of cobalt dodecanesulfate at room temperature transformed to a bilayer structure as a dehydrated form at high temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the minimum distance needed between landscape trees and apartment buildings. in order for the trees to grow soundly and maintain constant growth. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the present conditions of the green-spaces contiguous to apartment buildings and the trees inside the apartment complex. The following general problems were identified : (1) the tree growth conditions, (2) the planting intervals, and (3) the planting methods in the apartment complexes. The method of this study was to survey areas, measure the trees and analyze the results. Ten apartment complexes located in Seoul were randomly selected for this study. To analyze the greens contiguous to the building of each apartment complex, the greens were divided into three types, including the front greens, the side greens, and the rear greens. The study surveyed the width of all contiguous greens and the distance from trees to my given building. Four representative sites were specifically investigated to measure the crown widths, heights, and diameters of the trees. These investigations were carried out over 3 months from August to December 2006. According to the results of the study, it was found that the greens are narrower in width and the more closer to a building. The study identified a correlation between the tree and the passage of time after the completion of construction of an apartment complex, showing that the malformation of the trees worsened as time passed. As a result of measuring the right crown and left crown width with the tree trunk as the center, a broad difference was found between coniform trees and trees that tend to branch out more. For example, the ratio of the width of the Acer palmatum is 1:6. However, the ratio of the Metasequoia glyptostroboide is 1:1.7. Based on the overall analysis, it was concluded that the maintained minimum width must be greater than one meter over the green space according to the 'Landscape Standard 2000'. However, that is only applicable to cases such as apartment buildings that present no obstacles. In conclusion having greens placed within one meter of width to a building is not an appropriate environment for the healthy growth of trees. To create sound green spaces, sustainable, long-term growth rate and size should be considered. It is necessary to prepare new standards for the computation of planting trees and the measurement of square landscapes. Wall greenery and shrubberies could be an alternative in the case of a narrow-width green space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2004

The effects of short fiber and particle hybrid reinforcement on fatigue crack propagation behaviors in aluminum matrix composites have been investigated. Single and hybrid reinforced 6061 aluminum containing same 20 $Al_2O_3\;volume\%$ with four different constituent ratios of short fibers and particles were prepared by squeeze casting method and tested to check the near-threshold and stable crack growth behavior. The fatigue threshold of the composites increased with portion of particle contents and showed the improved crack resistance especially in low stress intensity range. Addition of particle instead of short fiber also increased fracture toughness due to increase of inter-reinforcement distance. These increase in both fatigue threshold and fracture toughness eventually affected the fatigue crack growth behavior such that the crack growth curve shift low to high stress intensity factor value. Overall experimental results were shown that particle reinforcement was enhanced the fatigue crack resistance over the whole stress intensity factor range.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum cultivation distance for high yielding cultivation of the new variety of Gomchwi in highland and lowland. The test material was used 'Sammany' variety and the area was cultivated with a highland of 750 m above sea level and a lowland of 20 m above sea level. The planting distance was 5 treatments of $20{\times}20cm$, $20{\times}30cm$, $30{\times}30cm$, $35{\times}40cm$ and $40{\times}40cm$, and the plant was cultivated at 35% shading net in the open field. The annual growth of 'Sammany' variety was higher in the highland than in the lowland, but the number of leaves was higher in the lowland than that in the highland. The leaf number per plant was the highest in the $40{\times}40cm$ plot and the more the planting distance was, the more tendency was. However, the leaf weight per plant was higher in the highland than in the lowland. The number of leaves per 10a were higher in the lowland than that of highland and the tendency was more as the planting distance was narrower. Yields were slightly higher in the highland than that of lowland and the highest treatment plot was 2,983 kg/10a in $20{\times}20cm$. In the second year, the growth was high in the highland, and the highland was high in the leaf number and leaf weight and the same tendency in the yields. Among the planting distances, Yields in both areas were the highest in the $20{\times}20cm$ treatment, with 3,369 kg/10a in lowland and 7,257 kg/10a in highland. The growth of the third year was slightly better in the highland than that of the lowland but the difference was not significant. However, the number of leaves and leaf weight per plant were higher in the lowland than that of highland. And, in terms of leaf number and yield per 10a, it was also higher in the lowland than that in the highland. The narrower the planting distance was increased yields, and the highest yield was 6,051 kg/10a in $20{\times}20cm$. The lowland was high in yield until the third year, but the highland was the highest in the second year and decreased slightly in the third year. The narrower the planting distance in the both areas, the higher the yield, and the leaf size tended to be small.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.349-367
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• 2012

Recently, the global paradigm on the economic structure has been changed from the price-oriented borderless competition toward the sustainable quality movement due to the ever-increasing global warming and environmental issues. Since Korea hosted the global 20 summit in 2010, it has promoted the green growth policies and asked for the other countries to participate in. Unfortunately, it is not easy to figure out the green growth or green productivity because the economic performance has a side effect of environmental pollution such as CO2 emission. This paper aims to analyzes the methodological comparison for all the related issues with green productivity and suggests the new paradigm of global Malmquist-Lundberger index (GML) as the most flexible field and performance-oriented criteria to measure the green productivity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2020

This study identified the differences in the morphometric characteristics of the truss and classical dimensions between diploid and triploid Far Eastern catfish, Silurus asotus, and provided methods for sorting diploid and triploid Far Eastern catfish based on morphometric observations. The significant variables were the direct distance between the anterior edge of the lower lip and the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin(DALAD), the horizontal distance between the anterior edge of the lower lip and the anterior insertion of the ventral fin (HALAV), the direct distance between the anterior edge of the upper lip and the first nostril(DAUF), the direct distance between the anterior edge of the upper lip and the second nostril(DAUS), the interorbital width(IW), and the mandible barbel length (ManBL). The more significant variables were HALAV, DALAD, DAUF, IW, and DAUS. The most useful combination of variables for separating the two groups was DALAD, IW, and DAUF, which correctly classified 85% of the catfish as triploid or diploid, and that percentage was the maximum degree of value possible (p<0.05). Triploid Far Eastern catfish had a high rate of growth in the head region and body depth during the first year after hatching. Triploid Far Eastern catfish had smaller heads and shorter mandible barbels than diploid Far Eastern catfish.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

In this study, the ultraviolet (UV) intensity of polymer insulator was measured using the Anti-Reflective (AR) coating lens on the occurrence of corona discharge. The UV intensity was compared before and after the AR coating. Under the 200-260[nm] of UV lens, the reflection rate before AR coating was 7.5~5.5[%] with 85-89[%] of transmission rate. After AR coating, however, the reflection rate decreased to 1.3~1.22[%] with improved transmission (97.4~97.6[%]). Then, the UV intensity by distance was measured in the polymer insulator. According to the measurement, the UV intensity increased 6.5 times at 37.5[%] of Vm/Vbd with 5[m] of distance. As distance increased, the growth rate declined. As high voltage increased, in addition, AR coating was less effective due to the count error caused by the UV sensor pulse signal overlap. Therefore, it appears that it would be more effective to detect corona discharge with 5[m] or less of distance at diagnosis of power facilities by AR coating and UV sensor sensitivity.