• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1221-1227
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• 2001

Young lambs (Suffolk wethers, n=18), which were 22 to 26 kg average BW, were chronically exposed to temperatures of +1 to +$4^{\circ}C$ (cold) or +21 to +$24^{\circ}C$ (warm) during 10 wk experimental periods. The sheep were closely shorn and were housed in individual metabolism crates in controlled environment rooms. Sheep consumed pelleted diets ad libitum, which consisted of mainly barley grain and brome grass, and contained 7, 11, or 14% CP. The experimental design consisted of a $2{\times}3$ factorial with a single crossover of environment treatment. Feed intake, BW, feces, and urine excretion were measured. Apparent digestibilities were not affected by diet CP concentration or temperature treatments; however, voluntary intake per kg BW was increased (p<0.05) by diet CP content in both environments. Growing lambs gained weight slightly faster in a cold environment when N intake was above 27 g/d. Nitrogen excretion and N balance were positively related (p<0.01) with diet CP content, and fecal N excretion was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the cold environment. Therefore, dietary CP content strongly influenced N metabolism; however, cold exposure did alter only fecal N excretion. The higher DM intake per kg BW at 11% CP diet in the cold environment permitted ADG comparable to 14% CP diet in the warm environment. The results of this study do support the hypothesis that lambs are better able to utilize a moderate reduction in the CP content of the diet in a cold environment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2020

In order to maximize the production of landscape plants in optimal condition while coexisting with the environment in terms of precision agriculture, quick and accurate information gathering of the internal environmental elements of the growing container is necessary. This may depend on the accuracy of the positioning of numerous sensors connected to landscape plants cultivating system (LPCS) in containers. Thus, this paper presents a method for estimating the location of the sensors related to cultivation environment connected to LPCS by measuring the received signal strength (RSS) or time of arrival TOA received between oneself and adjacent sensors. The Small sensors connected to the LPCS of container are known for their locations, but the remaining locations must be estimated. For this in the paper, Rao-Cramer limits and maximum likelihood estimators are derived from Gaussian models and lognormal models for TOA and RSS measurements, respectively. As a result, this study suggests that both RSS and TOA range measurements can produce estimates of the exact locations of the cultivation environment sensors within the wireless sensor network related to the LPCS.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.439-444
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• 2017

Wireless sensor network technology is a rapidly growing technology of ubiquitous computing environment and application and research are being carried out in various fields. The sensor nodes constituting the wireless sensor network maintain the life cycle by using the battery in the distributed network environment, so energy efficiency is more important than QoS requirement. In MAC protocol of IEEE802.15.4, MAC protocol study adaptive to traffic and standardization work emphasizing reliability and efficiency in wireless sensor network environment are underway. but, Wireless sensor networks have the problem that the response speed of the sensor node drops as the energy efficiency decreases. In this paper, we designed the MAC protocol with improved energy efficiency of the whole network by analyzing the MAC protocol of the synchronous method and the hybrid method.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.36-41
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• 2014

The world's overall need for natural gas (NG) has been growing up fast, especially in the residential sector. The better the estimation of residential NG consumption (RNGC) distribution, the better decision-making for a residential NG policy such as pricing, demand estimation, management options and so on. Approximating the distribution of RNGC is complicated by zero observations in the sample. To deal with the zero observations by allowing a point mass at zero, a mixture model of RNGC distributions is proposed and applied. The RNGC distribution is specified as a mixture of two distributions, one with a point mass at zero and the other with full support on the positive half of the real line. The model is empirically verified for household RNGC survey data collected in Korea. The mixture model can easily capture the common bimodality feature of the RNGC distribution. In addition, when covariates were added to the model, it was found that the probability that a household has non-expenditure significantly varies with some variables. Finally, the goodness-of-fit test suggests that the data are well represented by the mixture model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the relationship between the franchise pc game rooms selection behavior and revisit, recommendations. Select Properties from the franchise pc game rooms store is ease of access, computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power and pricing strategy. Korean franchise industry is in spite of the short history of just over 30 years growing very fast. Especially pc game rooms store is 14,782 in 2012 years, pc game rooms store is operated by franchise form 10.6%, 87.9% operated by private, co-operation was confirmed at 1.5%. Conclusions are as follows. First, factors that significantly affect the degree of revisit has been identified as computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power. Second, the recommendation is an important factor of the computer specifications, brand power, pricing strategy. Finally, franchise pc game rooms successful strategy has excellent computer's specifications, it needs a promotion strategy to attract pc game tournaments to be notified of brand power. We can also see that running is an important factor in a pleasant environment and a flexible pricing strategy.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.527-535
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• 2007

The number of SMEs taking up information systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning has been growing rapidly, and many of those organizations have stepped into the stage of ongoing use at this point. Thus, research which takes into account idiosyncratic nature of SME environment is more important than before. Through an empirical study using survey method, we tried to examine the importance of end user's feedback seeking behavior in SMEs and how environmental factors affecting such behavior reinforce and interact with the feedback seeking behavior itself. The result shows that end user's active role as a voluntary feedback seeker is important in utilizing information systems in accordance with the initial design intention in ongoing use environment. Furthermore, in order to facilitate such feedback seeking behavior in SME environment, it is essential that management's involvement and communicating to its employees the importance of effectively utilizing the information systems as well as the support of peer IT champ.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2004

A halophilic bacterium was isolated from fermented seafood. The 16S rDNA sequence identity between the isolate and Halomonas subglaciescola AJ306801 was above 95％. The isolate that did not grow in the condition without NaCl or in the condition with other sodium (Na$\^$+/) or chloride ions (Cl$\^$-/) instead of NaCl was named H. subglaciescola DH-l. Two mutants capable of growing without NaCl were obtained by random mutagenesis, of which their total soluble protein profiles were compared with those of the wild type by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The external compatible solutes (betaine and choline) and cell extract of the wild type did not function as osmoprotectants, and these parameters within the mutants did not enhance their growth in the saline environment. In the proton translocation test, rapid acidification of the reactant was not detected for the wild type, but it was detected for the mutant in the condition without NaCl. From these results, we derived the hypothesis that NaCl may be absolutely required for the energy metabolism of H. subglaciescola DH-l but not for its osmoregulation, and the mutants may have another modified proton translocation system that is independent of NaCl, except for those mutants with an NaCl-dependent system.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-38
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• 2014

Purpose : The main objective of this paper is, to assess a body of research evidence that articulates the impact of environment-related factors on wayfinding for people with dementia who reside in Long-term care Facilities. The study also aims at identifying design implications that can be incorporated into design process and design decisions to improve wayfinding abilities for people with dementia. Methods : Comprehensive literature review has been conducted to identify empirical studies and carefully investigated peer-reviewed articles published in many different fields including architecture, psychology, nursing to gerontology. Results : The review found a growing body of studies that identified environment-related factors that improve wayfinding of people with Dementia living in long-term care facilities. Implications : The findings of the review can be considered as design guidelines to support the wayfinding abilities of people with dementia living in long-term care Facilities.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1991

Corrosion fatigue test was performed by the use of plane bending fatigue tester in marine environment having various specific resistance from 25(natural sea water) to 5000.ohm.cm. It is in order to investigate the effects of marine environmental factor on the corrosion fatigue fracture of SS41 steel. The main results obtained are as follows; 1. The aspect ratio(b/a) of corner crack growing in natural sea water is lower than that in air. 2. The surface crack growth rate(da/dN) in marine environment is faster than that in air and da/dN delaies with the specific resistance increased. 3. The experimental constant m of paris rule [da/dN=C(${\delta}$K)$^m$] decrease with the specific resistance decreased and the effect of corrosion in proportion to the specific resistance is more sensitive than that of stress intensity factor range(${\delta}$K) under region II. 4. The accelerative factor(${\alpha}$) in marine environment is about 1.1-2.7 and .alpha. is increase under the low region of stress intensity factor range(${\delta}$K). 5. The electrode potential($E_0$) gets less noble potential with the specific resistance decreased.