• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2023

With taller buildings and larger typhoons, the impact of building winds is growing. During the 11th Typhoon Hinnamno in 2022, the building wind in Busan L City exceeded 60m/s, reaching the highest speed ever. Although many studies have been conducted on reducing the wind load of buildings, which is one of the problem factors caused by strong wind speed, there is a lack of research on wind speed reducing sculptures that can directly control strong wind speed. In this paper, several types of wind speed reduction sculptures were proposed to solve these problems, and the wind speed reduction capability of the proposed sculptures was analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These results can contribute to suggesting effective design methods for improving the urban environment and reducing pedestrian stress.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.331-344
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• 2009

Recently, it is expected that the agricultural and stockbreeding industry are damaged by the China-Japan-South Korea FTA and FTA between the United States and South Korea. After free trade, it is increasing to import crops, aquatic products, and livestock which are produced in a foreign land. But it is affected negatively to the trust relationships and markets, because of breaking it out that low grade foreign products are turned into domestic products. For this reason, we need the traceability management system. In this paper, it designs and implements the traceability management system using RFID and USN providing distribution traceability information as well as the traceability information of the growth environment, automatic control according to the facility growing and monitoring of the storehouse. The implemented whole systems consist of the growth environment monitoring and the traceability management. First, the growth environment monitoring shows the environment of plantation and automatic controller of the storehouse and growing facility. This growth environment monitoring information provides the detailed information about growth environment and writing the farming diary automatically by producer. Second, the traceability management provides all of the traceability information such as production, shipment and consumption to consumers. The traceability management system that has been designed and implemented using RFID and USN in this paper, provides the u-IT agriculture to producer and the reliability about agricultural products. In addition, this system provides the foundation data to operate GAP and HACCP, and becomes the advantaged agricultural products of the interior of a country by application of this system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.491-495
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• 2014

Mites were collected from organic cultivations of greenhouse cucumbers and identified as Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: caridae). T. neiswanderi (length, $490.1{\mu}m;$ width, $288.1{\mu}m$) is a very small, milky-white, and egg-shaped mite, and it mainly causes damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of cucumber plants. In the early growing season of cucumbers, the shoots of seedlings became pale and yellow because of T. neiswanderi, and eventually shrinkage or bud-failing was observed in the plants. In the middle of the growing season, T. neiswanderi caused white spots on the leaves and flowers of the plants, and the spots gradually became holes. T. neiswanderi also caused severe damage to young fruits by feeding on the rinds of the fruits, inducing malformations and lowering the economic value.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

To measure the soil-to-plant transfer factors ($TF_a,\;m^2\;kg^{-1}$-fresh) of radionuclides deposited during the growing season of potato, a radioactive solution containing $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$ was applied to the soil surfaces in soil boxes 2 d before seeding and three different times during the plant growth. For the pre-seeding application (PSA), radionuclides were mixed with the topsoil (loamy sand and 5.2 in pH). The plant parts investigated were leaves, stems, tuber skin and tuber flesh. The $TF_a$ values of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$ from the PSA were in the ranges of $1.9{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.5{\times}10^{-2}$, $1.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.5{\times}10^{-4}$, $4.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.6{\times}10^{-2}$, $1.5{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.9{\times}10^{-4}$ respectively, for different plant parts. The TFa values from the growing-time applications were on the whole a few times lower than those from the PSA. For $^{54}Mn,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$, the $TF_a$ values from the early- or middle-growth-stage application were higher than those from the late-growth-stage application, whereas the opposite was true for $^{60}Co$. Leaves and tuber flesh had the highest and lowest $TF_a$ values, respectively, in most cases. The total uptake from soil by the four plant parts was in the range of $0.05{\sim}3.16%$. In the third year following the PSA, the $TF_a$ values of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co$ and $^{137}Cs$ were $11{\sim}25%$, $21{\sim}25%$ and $38{\sim}67%$ of those in the first year, respectively, depending on the plant parts. The present results can be used for estimating the radiological impact of an acute radioactive deposition during the growing season of potato and for testing the validity of relevant food-chain models.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Hydroponic farming is a method to grow a plant without soil. Plants can be grown on water or hydroponic growing media, and they are fed with mineral nutrient solutions, which are fertilizers dissolved into water. Hydroponic farming has the advantage of increasing plant productivity over conventional greenhouse farming. Previous studies of hydroponic nutrient wastewater from acyclic hydroponic farms pointed out that hydroponic nutrient wastewater contained residual nutrients, and they were drained to a nearby river bank which causes several environmental issues. Also, previous studies suggest that excessive use of the nutrient solution and disposal of used hydroponic growing media and crop wastes in hydroponic farms are major problems to hydroponic farming. This study was conducted to determine the impact of hydroponic nutrient wastewater, used hydroponic growing media, and crop wastes from acyclic hydroponic farms on the surrounding environment by analyzing water quality and soil analysis of the above three factors. Three soil cultivation farms and several hydroponic farms in the Gangwon C region were selected for this study. Samples of water and soils were collected from both inside and outside of each farm. Also, a sample of soil and leachate from crop waste piles stacked near the farm was collected for analysis. Hydroponic nutrient wastewater from acyclic hydroponic farm contained an average of 402 mg/L of total nitrogen (TN) concentration, and 77.4 mg/L of total phosphate (TP) concentration. The result of TP in hydroponic nutrient wastewater exceeds the living environmental standard of the river in enforcement decree of the framework act on environmental policy by 993.7 times. Also, it exceeds the standard of industrial wastewater discharge standards under the water environment conservation act by 6~19 times in TN, and 2~27 times in TP. Leachate from crop waste piles contained 11,828 times higher COD and 395~2662 times higher TP than the standard set by the living environmental standard of the river in enforcement decree of the framework act on environmental policy and exceeds 778 times higher TN and 5 times higher TP than the standard of industrial wastewater discharge standards under the water environment conservation act. For more precise studies of the impact of hydroponic nutrient wastewater, used hydroponic growing media, and crop wastes from acyclic hydroponic farms on the surrounding environment, additional information regarding a number of hydroponic farms, arable area(ha), hydroponic farming area, seasonal, weather, climate factor around the river, and the property of the area and farm is needed. Analysis of these factors and additional water and soil samples are needed for future studies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.427-434
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with condensed molasses soluble (CMS), which has economically benefitted as an alternative ingredient of molasses, on growth performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 cross-bred growing pigs (LY×D) having body weight 27.3±1.78 kg, were allotted to 1 of the 4 treatment groups with 4 replications each, in a completely random block design. The experimental diet consisted of a basal diet (CON), with supplementation of molasses 3% (MOL 3.0), CMS 1.5% (CMS 1.5), and CMS 3% (CMS 3.0) to basal diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 70 days. We observed higher feed intake in the MOL 1.5, CMS 1.5, and CMS 3.0 groups than CON group. The final body weight and weight gain were significantly improved in the CMS 3.0 group (p<0.05), as compared to CON group. Evaluation of the meat quality revealed no significant difference in water holding capacity, heating loss, and pH, among all experiment groups. This study indicates that feeding CMS results in improved growth performance in growing-finishing pigs without deterioration in meat quality, and has the potential to be used as an alternative ingredient of molasses in swine feed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2012

The k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) technique is popularly applied to assess forest resources at the county level and to provide its spatial information by combining large area forest inventory data and remote sensing data. In this study, two approaches such as distance-weighting and stratification of training dataset, were compared to improve kNN-based forest growing stock estimates. When compared with five distance weights (0 to 2 by 0.5), the accuracy of kNN-based estimates was very similar ranged ${\pm}0.6m^3/ha$ in mean deviation. The training dataset were stratified by horizontal reference area (HRA) and forest cover type, which were applied by separately and combined. Even though the accuracy of estimates by combining forest cover type and HRA- 100 km was slightly improved, that by forest cover type was more efficient with sufficient number of training data. The mean of forest growing stock based kNN with HRA-100 and stratification by forest cover type when k=7 were somewhat underestimated ($5m^3/ha$) compared to statistical yearbook of forestry at 2011.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.293-305
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• 2020

This experiment was aimed to identify concentrations of mineral nutrients in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown on hydroball aquaponics and in the water for growing fish by conducting two experiments. The experiment I (Expt. I) was conducted with 12 fishes (F12) with and without filter, hydroball and plants (H12 (12 fishes, hydroball), FHP12 (12 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants) and HP12 (12 fishes, hydroball, 6 plants)), and the experiment II (Expt. II) was with and without plants (FH15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball), FHP15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants)). The pH level in the water of all the treatments was decreased during the growing period, and the pH and EC of the water were lower in all the treatment with plants than those without plants in both Expt. I and Expt. II. When compared with adequate nutrient concentrations for hydroponics, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the fish growing water were higher under the FHP15 treatment in Expt. II; however, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were only 16, 49, and 82% of hydroponics, representatively, and iron (Fe) was not detected. The fresh weight of lettuce harvested from the FHP15 treatment was 38 g, only a 30% of marketable lettuce yield. The T-N and P contents of the leaf tissue grown under the FHP15 treatment were close to the optimal level; however, the K, Ca, and iron (Fe) contents were less than the optimal with no deficiency symptom.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2021

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) is generally cultivated on the ground by creeping culture. A farmer has a higher workload for training stems. This study was conducted to find out a new cultivation of oriental melon to reduce a workload and improve the quality of fruit. There were three treatments for training stem of oriental melon; upward stem growing, downward stem growing, control (creeping stem growing). The results of the plant growth and the net photosynthesis showed higher in upward stem growing. The root activity was higher in downward stem attract. The yield was not significant as 4,055kg/10a in upward stem attract and 3,983kg/10a in downward stem attract. According to the results of the ergonomic agricultural workload evaluation, in the case of the working posture, the working posture of creeping cultivation methods (squatting, bending) showed a higher risk level than the upward and downward cultivation methods. Therefore, it is recommended the upward stem attract of oriental melon is a new cultivation as well as an alternative method for creeping stem attract in terms of improving the plant growth and yield, and reducing the workload.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.82-91
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• 2012

The heavy metal effects on the degradation of fluorene by Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 was determined in liquid cultures. The results showed that 10 mg/L cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead not only affected the growth of KM-02 with fluorene but also the ability of growing or resting cells to degrade this compound. Growth and fluorene degradation were strongly inhibited by cadmium and copper at 10 mg/L, while the inhibitory effect of zinc and lead at the same concentration or at 100 mg/L were not significant. In contrast, arsenic did not affect degradation or growth, even at very high concentrations of 100 mg/L. Subsequent analyses additionally revealed that concentrations of arsenic remained unchanged following incubation, while those of cadmium and copper decreased significantly.