• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

This study was fulfilled to verify the durations of cambial activity and analyze the associations of degree days and precipitation with the initiation of cambial activity and intra-annual wood formation for Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis pisifera planted at Mt. Worak, respectively, by monitoring of their intra-annual cambial activities. And more, the reason was also analyzed why the DBH of Chamaecyparis pisifera known as planted in the same year could be classified as two groups (CPL: ${\phi}30cm$, CPS: ${\phi}15cm$). The intra-annual cambial activity was monitored using mini-cores (${\phi}2mm$) and they were collected in 2-week interval between April and October. However, between April and May and between middle September and October expected as the initiation and cessation of the cambial activity, respectively, it was fulfilled in 1-week interval. The average number of tree rings for PK (30) was less than CPS (37) and CPL (38), whereas the average ring width of PK (4.12 mm) was wider than CPS (1.84 mm) and CPL (3.97 mm). In the comparison of ring widths between CPL and CPS, CPL was 2.13 mm wider than CPS, however, excepting CPS 1 (0.83 mm), the average ring widths of CPS 2 (2.42 mm) and CPS 3 (2.73 mm) in the last 3 years were close to the average of CPL (2.71 mm). The initiation of cambial activity for PK was between 1 and 21 April, which was 1 week earlier than CPL and CPS (excepting CPS 1) and the cessation was between 1 and 22 September. The longest growing season therefore was 157.3 days (${\pm}3.3$) and it was longer than CPL ($145.7{\pm}6.6days$) and CPS ($148.0{\pm}15.1days$). In CP groups there were wide variations for the cessation of cambial activity and also there were the meaningful linear relationship between the growing seasons and the ring widths (r = 0.69, p < 0.064). The cambial activity in PK was initiated when degree days were between 99 and 134 and in CPS (excepting PCS 1) and CPL between 134 and 200. Excepting CPS 3, the false ring was observed in all samples collected on 21 July when drought stress was high due to low precipitation from June to the beginning of July.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.235-257
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• 2007

In order to achieve the purpose, the present study reviews first research papers, both domestic and foreign, related to the e-SCM; it, then, sorts out the variables, economic and otherwise, that are believed to be the most important to the adaption factors of the e-SCM on Korean Hospitals. In recent days a growing concensus has been emerging among Korean Hospitals that a e-Supply Chain Management(SCM hereafter), if properly introduced and effectively managed, could secure a competitive edge in their Hospital business. Therefore, there is an urgent heed for an study that will attempt to find out the most significant factors, and most proprice Hospital environment, affecting the implementation of e-SCM in Korean Hospitals. For this study, 101 questionnaires were collected from the employee who is work at Korean Hospitals. We will make the concept by each variable clear through manipulative definition of each variable, also we will compose questions for the characteristics by each variable to be reflected. In relation to the questions required for the data analyses, 5 points Likert scale will use. The main findings are as follows: The relationship between the hospital types, hospital size and employee size and adaption degree of e-SCM was analyzed, respondents who had higher degree of hospital size and employee size showed higher level of adaption of e-SCM Regression analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of three set of variables on the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study explains that hospital environment factor, partner factor and IT infra factor are major factors in predicting the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study data has its limitation that collected by internet questionnaires. To present more solid data for the purpose of improving the study of e-SCM, further study which would complement the shortcomings is needed.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.78-83
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• 2024

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of changes in the light environment caused by the daylight disturbance on the growth, flowering, and cut flower quality of spray chrysanthemums. The spray chrysanthemum 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang' cultivars for cut flowers were artificially shaded to interfere with 66% of sunlight compared to the non-shading, and then the growing and flowering characteristics, and cut flower yield were investigated accordingly. There was no significant difference in the cut flower yield per unit area between the shading and the non-shading treatments. However, the number of days to flowering was 72.1 days for the 'Yellow Cap' and 65.2 days for the 'Pitch PangPang', which were delayed by 14.1 and 8.9 days, respectively, compared to the non-shading light. In the shading treatment, the flower diameter and the number of flowers also decreased by 10% and 15%, and 30% and 28% for both 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang', respectively. The stem length also decreased by 10% and 20%, the stem diameter by 23% and 37%, and fresh weight by 32% and 33%, respectively. The shading treatment delayed the flowering of chrysanthemums and reduced the growth such as flower diameter, number of flowers, and the length and weight of cut flowers. Based on these results, the daylight disturbance by artificial buildings is expected to reduce the productivity and quality of cut flowers by limiting the light intensity needed for chrysanthemum growth, flower bud differentiation, and flower development. Therefore, further research is needed on the rate of decrease in yield and market value according to the degree of shading to relieve damage to chrysanthemum growers caused by the daylight disturbance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.324-324
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• 2017

Total 15 different corn hybrids, Kwangpyeongok, Gangdaok, Yanganok, Singwangok, Jangdaok, Cheonganok, Cheongdaok, Andaok, Dapyeongok, Pyeongkangok, Pyeonganok, Daanok, Sunwon P3394, Gangilok, P3394, had been used to investigate the plant growth and yield of corn hybrids depends on the sowing date. Sowing dates were April 5th, June 25th, and July 5th and all experiments had three repeats. The growth of Gangdaok was the best. However, in the case of Kwangpyeongok, the growth was not the best to compare with Gangdaok, but the stem to ear height ratio was lower than Gangdaok, it may be better for the stable cultivation. Both of the growth and yield of Daanok was not good regardless of planting date, but the yield and ear shape of Pyeongkangok and Dapyeongok were good for fresh corn. The growth and yield of 15 different corn hybrids were variable depends on the planting date, however, the growth degree days (GDD) was the most important factor for the maturity of the corn. More than $1500^{\circ}C$ of GDD was enough to harvest mature corn hybrids in the central region of Korea. Besides the yield and growth, other characters such as sweetness and taste as a food should be investigated further for the fresh corn to be suggested.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1982

To determine the effects of mulching with the hulls of rice on the growth of the ginseng plant and changes of its growing environment-soil moisture content. subterranccan temperature and soil hardness- were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% light transmittance rate(LTR). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Soil moisture content under the shading was decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas it was increased about 1.5% in each plot of LTR by the mulching. 2. Suberranccan temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity. It was decreased on a hot day by the mulching but increased on a cold day. 3. Soil hardness was decreased by the mulching. 4. Sprouting date of the ginseng plants was acclerated for 7 days and sprout periods were shortened for f days by mulching compared to the non-mulching treatment. 5. Missing plant rate was increased severely as the increase of light intensity more Than 20% LTR In the non-mulching plots but did not severe in the mulching plots. Missing plant rate was decreased remarkably by the mulching. The degree of decrease was larger as the increase 6f light intensity. 6. Root yield was increased in the mulching plots compared to the non$.$mulching plots. The degree of increase was larger as the increase of light intensity. The highest yield was obtained at 20% LTR with mulching.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 1998

Since the leaf inoculation procedures are time-consuming and require considerable growth chamber space, a rapid dioassay method for screening of pathogenicity of Didymella bryoniae, a casual agent of gummy stem blight in watermelon, was established in this paper. The method produced reliable results within 8 days ( 5 days for growing seedlings and 3 days for rapid disease response in the seedlings). After contaminants in the root of 4~5 day-old seedlings had been washed using sterilized water, 5 seedlings were dipped into a vial containing 12 ml of conidial suspension (106 cells/ml). After the vials were placed in a growth chamber (22$^{\circ}C$, RH 50%, 14hr light/10hr darkness) for 3 days, susceptibility and resistance of cultivars were determined by the degree of disease response on cotyledon. The result of obtained by the dip-inoculation method was well coincided with the results by the leaf inoculation procedures and the result that had been observed for several years in the field. Screening of collected watermelon cultivars by the dip-inoculation method revealed that all the 21 domestic cultivars collected were susceptible and only 3 foreign cultivars (PI 189225, PI 482322 and IT 188207) were resistant among 18 cultivars A cucumber cultivar (Marketer) and bitter cucumber were proven to be resistant against the D. bryoniae among 8 other different cucurbits tested. The SDS-PAGE patterns of total proteins from a susceptible (Keumcheon) and a resistant (PI 189225) watermelon cultivars were compared 0, 12, 24 and 36 hrs after inoculation. The amounts of two distinct protein bands (24 kDa and 70 kDa) were gradually increased after inoculation in both cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.911-922
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate growth characteristics of Kimchi cabbage cultivated in various highland areas, and to create a predicting model for the production of highland Kimchi cabbage based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Regression model for the estimation of head weight was designed with non-destructive measured growth variables (NDGV) such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), head height (HH), head width (HW), and growing degree days (GDD), which was $y=6897.5-3.57{\times}GDD-136{\times}LW+116{\times}PH+155{\times}HH-423{\times}HW+0.28{\times}HH{\times}HW{\times}HW$, ($r^2=0.989$), and was improved by using compensation terms such as the ratio (LW estimated with GDD/measured LW ), leaf growth rate by soil moisture, and relative growth rate of leaf during drought period. In addition, we proposed Excel spreadsheet model for simulation of yield prediction of highland Kimchi cabbage. This Excel spreadsheet was composed four different sheets; growth data sheet measured at famer's field, daily average temperature data sheet for calculating GDD, soil moisture content data sheet for evaluating the soil water effect on leaf growth, and equation sheet for simulating the estimation of production. This Excel spreadsheet model can be practically used for predicting the production of highland Kimchi cabbage, which was calculated by (acreage of cultivation) ${\times}$ (number of plants) ${\times}$ (head weight estimated with growth variables and GDD) ${\times}$ (compensation terms derived relationship of GDD and growth by soil moisture) ${\times}$ (marketable head rate).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.351-359
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of climate change on the tree-ring growth of Pinus koraiensis in Korea. Annual tree-ring growth data of P. koraiensis collected by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory were first organized to analyze yearly growth patterns of the species. When tree-ring growth data were analyzed through cluster analysis based on similarity of climatic conditions, five clusters were identified. Yearly growing degree days and standard precipitation index based on daily mean temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2010 were calculated by cluster. Using the information, yearly temperature effect index(TEI) and precipitation effect index(PEI) by cluster were estimated to analyze the effect of climatic conditions on the growth of the species. Tree-ring growth estimation equations by cluster were developed by using the product of yearly TEI and PEI as independent variable. The tree-ring growth estimation equations were applied to the climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for predicting the changes in tree-ring growth by cluster of P. koraiensis from 2011 to 2100. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics of P. koraiensis and for predicting changes in tree-ring growth patterns caused by climate change.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The concept of growing degree-days (GDD) is widely accepted as a tool to relate plant growth, development, and maturity to temperature. Information on GDD can be used to predict the yield and quality of several crops, flowering date of fruit trees, and insect activity related to agriculture and forestry. When GDD is expressed on a spatial basis, it helps identify the limits of geographical areas suitable for production of various crops and to evaluate areas agriculturally suitable for new or nonnative plants. The national digital climate maps (NDCM, the fine resolution, gridded climate data for climatological normal years) are not provided on a daily basis but on a monthly basis, prohibiting GDD calculation. We applied a widely used GDD estimation method based on monthly data to a part of the NDCM (for Hapcheon County) to produce the spatial GDD data for each month with three different base temperatures (0, 5, and $10^{\circ}C$). Synthetically generated daily temperatures from the NCDM were used to calculate GDD over the same area and the deviations were calculated for each month. The monthly-data based GDD was close to the reference GDD using daily data only for the case of base temperature $0^{\circ}C$. There was a consistent overestimation in GDD with other base temperatures. Hence, we estimated spatial GDD with base temperature $0^{\circ}C$ over the entire nation for the current (1971-2000, observed) and three future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100, predicted) climatological normal years. Our estimation indicates that the annual GDD in Korea may increase by 38% in 2071-2100 compared with that in 1971-2000.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2021

Accordingly, attention is also being paid to the agricultural use of remote sensing technique that non-destructively and continuously detects the growth and physiological status of crops. However, when remote sensing techniques are used for crop monitoring, it is possible to continuously monitor the abnormality of crops in real time. For this, standard growth information of crops is required and relative growth considering the cultivation environment must be identified. With the relationship between GDD (Growing Degree Days), which is the cumulative temperature related to crop growth obtained from ideal cultivation management, and the vegetation index as standard growth information, compared with the vegetation index observed with the spectralreflectance sensor(SRS_NDVI & SRS_PRI) in each rice paddy treated with standard cultivation management and non-fertilized, it was quantitatively identified as a time series. In the future, it is necessary to accumulate a database targeting various climatic conditions and varieties in the standard cultivation management area to establish a more reliable standard growth information.