• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

Introduction: In our previous studies, we isolated porcine skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pSDMSCs) from the ears of adult miniature pigs and evaluated the pluripotency of these pSDMSCs based on expressions of transcription factors, such as Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog. Moreover, the characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells was revealed by the expression of various mesenchymal stem cell markers, including CD29, CD44, CD90, and vimentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo osteogenesis after maxillary sinus lift procedures with autogenous pSDMSCs and scaffold. Materials and Methods: The autogenous pSDMSCs were isolated from the 4 miniature pigs, and cultured to 3rd passage with same methods of our previous studies. After cell membranes were labeled using a PKH26, $1{\times}10^{7}$ cells/$100{\mu}L$ of autogenous pSDMSCs were grafted into the maxillary sinus with a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and fibrin glue scaffold. In the contralateral control side, only a scaffold was grafted, without SDMSCs. After two animals each were euthanized at 2 and 4 weeks after grafting, the in vivo osteogenesis was evaluated with histolomorphometric and osteocalcin immunohistochemical studies. Results: In vivo PKH26 expression was detected in all specimens at 2 and 4 weeks after grafting. Trabecular bone formation and osteocalcin expression were more pronounced around the grafted materials in the autogenous pSDMSCs-grafted group compared to the control group. Newly generated bone was observed growing from the periphery to the center of the grafted material. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that autogenous skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells grafting with a DBM and fibrin glue scaffold can be a predictable method in the maxillary sinus floor elevation technique for implant surgery.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

The importance of energy saving technology for managing greenhouse was recently highlighted. For practical use of energy in greenhouse, it is necessary to simulate energy flow precisely and estimate heating/cooling loads of greenhouse. So the main purpose of this study was to develope and to validate greenhouse energy model and to estimate annual/maximum energy loads using Building Energy Simulation (BES). Field experiments were carried out in a multi-span plastic-film greenhouse in Jeju Island ($33.2^{\circ}N$, $126.3^{\circ}E$) for 2 months. To develop energy model of the greenhouse, a set of sensors was used to measure the greenhouse microclimate such as air temperature, humidity, leaf temperature, solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration and so on. Moreover, characteristic length of plant leaf, leaf area index and diffuse non-interceptance were utilized to calculate sensible and latent heat exchange of plant. The internal temperature of greenhouse was compared to validate the greenhouse energy model. Developed model provided a good estimation for the internal temperature throughout the experiments period (coefficients of determination > 0.85, index of agreement > 0.92). After the model validation, we used last 10 years weather data to calculate energy loads of greenhouse according to growth stage of greenhouse crop. The tendency of heating/cooling loads change was depends on external weather condition and optimal temperature for growing crops at each stage. In addition, maximum heating/cooling loads of reference greenhouse were estimated to 644,014 and $756,456kJ{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Chinese consumers, who are growing up as the global biggest consumption market, according to G sensibility types, and to provide the data base for China market by analyzing the consuming pattern per sensibility and the preferred color. For the investigation, the survey on G sensibility and consuming pattern was conducted for consumers in four cities of China. As a result of classification of G sensibility types, it was found that Chinese consumers tended to behave in accordance with their values and identities and the most general type in them was G1 pursuing the reasonable and logical consumption, unlike Korean consumers who tended to be shown as G3 for the most general type according to the preceding study. As to characteristic of consumption, Chinese consumers preferred to purchase clothes from the department store, and in case of G2 type, the characteristics was corresponded with Actionist's character which shows the wide range of behavior and high-consumption, by preferring the road-shop next to the department store. Chinese consumers tended to purchase the clothes on the basis of their preferred colors, and especially it was shown that achromatic color was very commonly preferred. Also the black color was on the highest preference, and white, dark gray and light gray were followed. Meanwhile, in chromatic color, it was found that brown, orange, red and blue were preferred in order, and in case of G4, it was found that they preferred more various colors compared to the other types. This result could be used as the data base for the marketing strategy of fashion design industry and the related companies, as well as the new communication method for the consumers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 1973

The present experiments proposed to pass judgement upon the suitability as the second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis, of three kinds of fresh-water fish by having them infected with the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis and then observing the penetrating ability of the cercaria, and maturity, the process of degeneration and extinction, and infectivity of the metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiments; 1. P. parva was easily subject to invasion of the cercaria, A. signifer was much less subject to the invasion, and finally A. asmussi was hard to invade. And the infectivity of the cercariae was in proportion to their penetrating ability mentioned in the above. 2. The examination of the cercariae after having three kinds of fresh-water fish infected with them disclosed that 24 hours after the infection, all of the cercariae formed their cysts in muscle and the metacercariae kept growing, and that 7 days later the metacercariae were found folding their bodies twice, and that in 15 days the characteristic structure of the metacercariae was complete and they made a vigorous rotary movement intermittently. 3. Then the metacercariae came to a state of maturity and beyond this stage some metacercariae in P. parva started the process of degeneration and extinction in 133 days; some in A. asmussi, in 140 days; and A. signifer, in 70 days. As more days elapsed, their degeneration and extinction increased in number, and in 269 days all of them in A. signifer became dead while those in A. asmussi were all dead in 460 days. However almost all of them in P. parva survived even after 770 days. The results shown above revealed that P. parva was the most suitable as the second intermediate host among three kinds of fresh-water fish and that A. signifer and A. asmussi were not quite recommendable as the second intermediate host. The ability of the cercaria to invade fresh-water fish, and life span of the metacercaria within fresh-water fish vary outstandingly according to species of fresh-water fish. An explanation as to the mechanism must wait as the subject to be further pursued.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2010

Objects : Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) have been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Korean Traditional Medicine. In this research, we examined the effect of the extracts, obtained from EtOH extracts of 3 kinds of traditional plants, on hair growing activity of the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell and physical properties. Materials and Methods : On the basis of previous studies, three traditional plants were selected and we extracted them with ethanol. We evaluated their hairy dermal papillar cell proliferation activity and mouse mesenchymal stem cell in vitro model. Also, 3 herbal extracts were added to the normal shampoo formulation in ranges of 0.1% and we validated tensile properties and physical changes using aged hair. In this research, we compared the tensile strength, shine and color appearance between the hair (general formulation) and the hair after applying shampoo with natural extracts. To analyze the luster and color image, we use the SAMBA hardware and software made by Bossa Nova Technologies. Results : In the comparative test for tensile characteristic between the hair treated general formulation(control) and the hair applying special formulation including 3 kinds of extracts, tensile distance and energy of the latter are larger than control on average. The shine and color appearance were also increased after using shampoo including natural extracts(shine : 10.9%, color appearance: 24.12%). We observed the enhancement of hair growth activity in the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell. Especially black bean extracts had the most powerful effect in the dermal papillar cell proliferation. Conclusion : These experiments suggest that extracts of Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) stimulate the hair growth activity and can improve physical activities of aged hair. Shampoo product, which contains 3 kinds of natural extracts, would be used for the treatment for aged hair.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.338-351
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• 2016

Park planning is done in a way to satisfy various expectations, including providing green space and offering urban space with specific and detailed strategies. This study focuses on large-scale parks that have been built since 2000 or that are going to be built. Their significance in the city was analyzed along with strategic characteristics for designing urban parks, and implications are suggested. First, the design aspects of urban parks have gradually tended towards flexibility for adapting to the diverse surrounding environments. Relating the parks to the surrounding area is realized through connection with facilities or planning to process the border area smoothly. Second, unlike in the past, urban parks are not just simply used as a resting space but play other productive and complex roles in the urban space for healing in the community. Third, six design strategies are being applied in these parks through mutually complex relations. Relations with external parties and planning inside the parks add more importance to the park for the community. Fourth, the changes of vertical time are reflected in park planning strategies and tend to form a floor plan. This is associated with growing park planning and is being realized as a major characteristic in urban park planning strategies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2009

Purpose: Lipofibromatous Hamartoma(LFH) of nerve is a tumor - like lipomatous process principally involving the young persons. This is rare disease characterized by a soft slowly growing mass surrounding and infiltrating major nerves and their branches of the palm and digits. LFH of nerve usually affects the median nerve, with the most common sites of presentation being the distal forearm and hand in the wrist or palm. It may cause symptoms of compression neuropathy and is associated with macrodactyly. Recently, MRI plays a major role in confirming the diagnosis of LFH. Therefore, we present two cases of LFH in the hand with MRI features and surgical management. Methods: One is 6 - years - old female who presented with macrodactyly involving both the soft tissue and bony parts of the second, third and forth digits of her right hand. The other one is 16 - years - old man who presented involving the soft tissue of the second and third digits of his right hand, with pain and numbness, along with motor and sensory deficits in the median nerve distribution. To evaluation about LFH, we enforced preoperative MRI and physical examination. After confirming the diagnosis of LFH, we proposed decompression of all compromised peripheral nerve to help alleviate pain and paresthesia to reduce the likelihood of permanent motor and sensory sequelae. Results: A characteristic feature on MRI is the appearance of serpentiform nerve fascicle surrounded by fibro - fatty tissue within the expended nerve sheet. Distribution of fat between fascicles is asymmetric. Two cases were treated by limited debulking of the redundant tumor tissue and excision of epineurial fatty tissue. These cases were performed with relief of symptom. Conclusion: MRI not only confirms the diagnosis, it also provides a detailed assessment of nerve involvement preoperatively. Especially, on coronal images, the nerve has a spagetti - like appearance that is pathognomonic of LFH. Recommendations for early treatment include decompression of the carpal tunnel, debulking of the fibro - fatty sheath, microsurgical dissection of the neural elements and excision of involve nerve with or without grafting.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2008

Current digital radiographic systems are rapidly growing in clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) at different tube voltages in the detection of simulated chest lesions. Patterns of simulated interstitial lung disease, incipient infiltration, and nodules were superimposed over an anthropomorphic chest phantom. A simulated chest phantom radiograph was obtained with CR and DR at different tube voltages (70 kV, 90 kV, and 120 kV). A total of 18,000 observations were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The detection of all lesions showed higher $A_z$ values at 70 kV than 120 kV with CR. For the DR, mean $A_z$ values at 70 kV were higher than other tube voltages not all lesions but for micro-nodule interstitial lung disease, linear interstitial lung disease, and incipient infiltration. Based on these results, a clinical study should be performed to judge the use of suitable tube voltage according to the type of detector system and lesions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1985

In order to judge appropriately the suitability as the second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis, the present experiments were proposed to survey the metacercaria of C. sinensis in the fish host, Cuztriculus eigenmanni, in the 6eld, and to observe, by experimental infection of the fish with Clonorchis cercaria, the penetrating ability of the cercaria, maturity, the process of degeneration and extinction, and infectivity of the metacercaria. The following is a brie summary of the leading facts gained through the experiments. 1. All the ten fish (mean body weight $13.4{\pm}3.439$) which were caught in Ok-ku irrigation reservoir were in acted with the metacercariae and the average number of the metacercariae found in the fish body/gram was 4.55. 2. The Bish was easily subject to invasion of the cercaria, and the examination of the cercariae after having the fish infected disclosed that 5:l hours after the infection, all of the cercariae formed their cysts in muscle and the metacercariae kept growing, that 7 days later the metacercariae were found folding their bodies twice, and that in 15 days the characteristic structure of the metacercariae was complete and made a vigorous rotary movement intermittently. 3. In the case of control fish, Pseudorasbora parka, both penetrating ability of the cercariae and the infective degree of the metacercariae to control host were stronger as compared with the 5sh host because that the control fish had higher suceptibility to C. sinensis. 4. Afterwards, the metacercariae in the fish host came to a state of maturity and beyond this stage some metacercariae started the Process of degeneration and extinction in as early as 30 days, and as more days elapsed, mortality of the metacercariae was not uniformly increased but difference of mortality appeared to be according to the individual of Ssh host. That is, in 390, 540 and 586 days, all of the metacercariae in the fish hosts became dead, meanwhile almost all of those found in the fish host of 596 days after the infection survived (mortality; 8, 51%) , Percentage of orally administered metacercariae developing to maturity in rabbit is 10.465 in the last case. 5. As the days were progressed the shapes of the metacercariae in the fish host tended to change from ellipsoid to almost round shapes, the length became shorter while the width was wider. The results shown above revealed that C. eigenmanni was, though it could not be proper host than p. larva. suitable as the second intermediate host in addition to our previous observation results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.353-358
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• 2020

The new sales method of social commerce in food service market is growing steadily. Over 50 percent of the social commerce market is food service product. Food service companies are using social commerce, which is discount sales, as a marketing tool. There are many food service companies using social commerce as a sales and marketing tool. However, little research has investigated food service customers. Thus, this study suggests how food service customer's purchasing factor affects customer's satisfaction and loyalty of the supplier and business operator. Social commerce's purchasing characteristic factors are selected based on a previous study. Purchasing factor is divided into supplier and business operator side and the impact of the relationships between its subordinate factors (price discount, offering diversity, mutual action, brand intimacy) and customer's satisfaction is analyzed. As a result, price discount and brand intimacy show higher results. Offering diversity and brand intimacy of purchasing factor on business operator side shows a higher impact on the relationship between loyalty and ?? (Ed- 'the relationship between A and B'; what is B?). The study implications are as follows. The food service industry should establish different marketing strategies to apply social commerce and compare with social commerce business operators, because the actual place where customers use food service is food service restaurants and not just social commerce websites.