• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Self Efficacy Promotion and Exercise Training Program to decrease anxiety and depression and to increase the quality of life for kidney transplant recipients. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent renal transplant at three major transplantation hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The observed subjects in this study consisted of 56 patients who had renal transplantations between one to twelve months prior to this study. The patients did not take any regular physical exercise. This study was carried out between November, 1999 and March, 2000. The study groups were divided into 3 groups; exercise training group (n=16), self efficacy group (n=18) and control group (n=22). The exercise training group received self efficacy promotion and exercise training program for 12 weeks. The self efficacy group received self efficacy promotion education, but no exercise training was given. The control group was not offered any education. The anxiety, depression and quality of life were evaluated 3 times, before the experiment, after 8 weeks and after 12 weeks. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. The results were as follows: 1. After the experiment, anxiety and depression scores of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were more significantly decreased than those of the control group (p=.05). 2. After the experiment, the quality of life score of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were more significantly increased than those of the control group (p=.05). This study showed that the Self Efficacy and Exercise Training Programs were effective. Therefore, it is expected that the Self Efficacy Promotion and Exercise Training Program could be widely applied as an effective independent nursing intervention to decrease anxiety and depression and to increase quality of life for kidney transplant recipients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1181-1194
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• 2000

This study was attempted to evaluate how the self efficacy promotion and exercise training program effect on the postoperative general conditions of transplant recipients after kidney transplantations. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent renal trans- plantations at three major transplantation hospitals in Seoul, Korea. This study was carried out between November 1999 and March 2000. The observed subjects in this study consisted of 56 patients. The exercise training group(n=16) received the self efficacy promotion and exercise training program for 12 weeks which contained general knowledge for compliance instruction, exercise training and self efficacy promotion education. The self efficacy group(n=18) received general knowledge for compliance instruction and self efficacy promotion education but no exercise training was given. The control group(n=22) were not offered any education. The knowledge for compliance, self efficacy, physical conditions(weight, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility), lab studies (hemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol), activities of daily living and quality of life were evaluated 3 times, before the experiment, at 8 weeks and at 12 weeks. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA and Scheff test. The results were as follows: 1. The knowledge and self efficacy score of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were significantly increased than those of the control group(p=.0001). 2. The weight of the exercise training group was significantly decreased compared to those of the self efficacy group and the control group(p=.0001). Muscle strength (grip strength, back lift strength), and flexibility of all 3 groups were significantly changed(p=.0001). However, muscle endurance in all 3 groups showed no significant differences. 3. The hemoglobin level of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly increased compared to that of the control group(p=.0001) and the cholesterol levels of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly decreased compared to that of the control group(p=,0001). However, the creatinine levels in all 3 groups showed no significant differences. 4. The activities of daily living scores of the exercise training group was significantly increased than that of the control group (p=.0003), and the quality of life scores of the exercise training group and the self efficacy group were significantly better than that of the control group(p=.0001). It would be expected that this self efficacy promotion and exercise training program could be applied widely as an effective nursing intervention for kidney transplant recipients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6-wk low intensity exercise program on fatigue, perceived health state, exercise-related affect, perceived benefits, and exercise self-efficacy for female college student's. The subjects of the study consisted of thirty-four female college students. The research subjects were assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group participated in 13-17 and 30-60 minute sesseions of exercise program over 6 weeks. Data analysis was done by t-test with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The first hypothesis, “The fatigue of experimental group will be lower than control group”, was supported. 2) The second hypothesis, “The perceived health state of experimental group will be higher than control group”, was not supported. 3) The third hypothesis, “The exercise-related affect of experimental group will be higher than control group”, was not supported. 4) The fourth hypothesis, “The benefits of exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group”, was not supported. 5) The fifth hypothesis, “The self-efficacy for exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group”, was supported.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.571-580
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to compare the effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic Exercise, and a self-help program for knee osteoarthritis patients on symptoms of arthritis, muscle strength, balance, and difficulty of performing activities. Method: There were 50 final subjects50. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Window. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test were used 8weeks after each program. Result: There were significant differences in joint pain(p=.000), stillness (p=.001), knee extensor peak torque(p=.006), knee flexor(p=.002), and difficult of performing activity (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in balance(p=.648). The Tai-Chi group was significantly different from the self-help group for knee extensor peak torque, knee flexor and stiffness on Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In addition, the Tai Chi group or aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group for difficulty of performing activities(p<0.05). Conclusion: There are significant differences in the effects of the nursing intervention among the three groups. The Tai Chi group and aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group. However, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable than aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with a longitudinal study are necessary to confirm the longer exercise period.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed at comparing clinical effectiveness among trigger point treatment, Self-exercise treatment, trigger point - self-exercise cooperative treatment for neck pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods 63 patients with neck pain by traffic accidents were divided into 3 groups. Different types of treatments were carried out for each groups ; group A with trigger point, group B with self-exercise, group C with trigger point and self-exercise cooperative treatment. 3 groups were also treated with general acupuncture and herb-medicine treatment. Pain threshold, visual analogue scale (VAS), and neck disability index (NDI) were checked on a daily basis. SPSS ver. 18.0 for Windows was used for analysis of data. The effectiveness of treatment of each groups were verified by using paired test and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA test, and the comparison of VAS, NDI and pain threshold were demonstrated by independent samples t-test. Results 3 groups all showed significant difference in pain threshold, VAS and NDI after 8 days later. Group C showed more improvement in pain threshold, VAS and NDI than shown in group A and B. In the first period (from pre-treatment to 4th day treatment) group C showed significant difference in NDI and pain threshold but not in VAS as compared to group A and B. In the second period (from 4th treatment to 8th day treatment), Group C showed significant difference in pain threshold, VAS and NDI as compared to group A and B. Conclusions Trigger point - self-exercise cooperative treatment is proved to be more helpful to improve the unstability and reduce neck pain than trigger point treatment or self-exercise treatment only, therefore eventually leading to better satisfaction for patients with neck pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.350-359
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify change in the exercise behavior and to identify factors influencing long-term adherence to aquatic exercise in patients with arthritis as a follow-up study after five years. Method: Baseline data had been collected using a structured interview 6 months after participants completed the aquatic exercise educational program. This second follow-up data collection included 133 participants from the original baseline study and was done 5 years after the original baseline study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 Win program. Results: The stage of change for the participants was as follows: Precontemplation (44.3%), Contemplation (24.1%), Preparation (3.0%), Action (0%) and Maintenance (adherence, 28.6%). The adherers (N=38) had significantly higher scores than non-adherers (N=91) in self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, group coherence and self-evaluation, and significantly lower scores in barriers to exercise. In logistic regression analysis, self-efficacy, group cohesion, barriers to exercise and self-evaluation were associated with exercise adherence (Chi Square=17.14, p=.002). Group cohesion (OR=2.5871, 95% CI=1.094-6.113, p= .030) was the most important factor. Conclusion: Self-efficacy, group cohesion, barriers to exercise and self-evaluation need to be considered in planning exercise programs to improve exercise adherence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.645-654
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the gross motor function, self-esteem and social ability of children with cerebral palsy from group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction. Methods : Five cerebral palsy children who live in U city were recruited this study. Exercise sessions were held for 1 hour per session, once per week, for 12 consecutive weeks. At pre-treatment and post-treatment, subject were tested gross motor function measure, self-esteem and social ability. Results : After 12 weeks of paticipation in the group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction, there were improvements for gross motor function measure, self-esteem and social ability. Conclusion : Group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction can improve gross motor function, self-esteem and social ability.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.232-240
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intention, exercise habit, exercise self-efficacy on exercise behavior with elders at welfare center. Methods: The subjects were 152 elders at the welfare center at J city. Data were collected using the questionnaires which consisted of the Exercise intention scale and the Exercise habit scale developed by Lee and Gu (2018), and the Exercise self-efficacy scale developed by Lee and Chang (2001). The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, x² test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The regular exercise group consisted of 92 elders (62.5%) and the irregular exercise group of 60 elders (39.5%). The scores for exercise intention, exercise habits, exercise self-efficacy were 3.28±0.70, 3.92±0.61, 2.80±0.88 in regular exercise group, and 2.38±0.99, 3.00±1.07, 2.04±0.73 in irregular exercise group, respectively. Two groups were significantly different between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that exercise intention (OR: 2.26, 95% CI:1.19~4.28), exercise habits (OR: 1.79, 95% CI:1.01~3.15), exercise self-efficacy (OR: 1.99, 95% CI:1.11~3.57) were affecting factors for regular exercise in elders. Conclusion: To increase the regular exercise behaviors of the elderly at the welfare center, it is needed the strategies to increase exercise intention, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise habits.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Self-help group program including Elastic band exercise on ADL and ROM of hemophilia patient. Method: A quasi -experimental design was used. The subjects were 40 young adults with hemophilia (21 experimental group, 19 control group). The subjects of experimental group were participated self-help group program in which five sessions for 5 weeks. The program consisted of health education on hemophilia, elastic band exercise, and therapeutic recreation and its outcomes have been evaluated on ADL and ROM of extremities. The obtained data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA of SPSS. Result: 1) The score of ADL increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. 2) The degree of range of motion of extremities improved in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Considering these research results, the program including elastic band exercise was effective in improving self-management ability and range of motion of extremities. Therefore this program including elastic band exercise could be implemented it as self-management for the hemophilia clients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-26
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• 2001

Many studies have reported that regular aquatic exercise can lead to improvement of health for patients suffering from arthritis. In spite of these benefits, the adherence rate has shown as few as 26% of patients with arthritis who had completed the aquatic exercise education program. Moreover, when patients with arthritis begin an aquatic exercise, 47% withdraw within the first 6 month. No study has been found that constructs model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study were to identify the factors influencing exercise adherence and to construct and test a structural model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. Hypothesized model was constructed on the basis of Bandura's social cognitive theory and literature review. Exogenous latent variables included in this model are group cohesion and barrier, endogenous latent variables are self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and self-evaluation. Empirical data used was collected through individual interviews with the structural questionnaire on 249 patients with arthritis who had completed the 6-week aquatic exercise education program of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Academy. The interviews were performed from September 6, 1999 through October 8, 1999. A model tested by the covariance structural analysis with LISREL 8.12a program and by descriptive statistics and correlation with SAS 6.12 program. The results are summarized as follows: First, hypothesized model showed a good fit to the empirical data. In the modified model added one new path showed a much better fit. Second, group cohesion had a direct, indirect positive effects, self-efficacy and self evaluation had a direct positive effects on exercise adherence. Barrier had a direct, indirect negative effects on exercise adherence. Outcome expectancy had a direct negative effect, indirect positive effects through self-evaluation on exercise adherence, but total effects was not significant. Total effect size of the variables were group cohesion, self-efficacy, barrier and self evaluation in order. All variables accounted for 54% of the total variance of exercise adherence in the model. In conclusion, this model confirmed to be proper in explaining of aquatic exercise adherence. Group cohesion, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, self-evaluation, barrier contributed to the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The results of this study suggested that improvement of group cohesion, self-efficacy and self-evaluation, motivation of outcome expectancy through self-evaluation, and reduction of the barrier should be included in the strategy of nursing intervention for the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis.