• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Korean alveolar fricatives are late-developing speech sounds. Most previous research on phonemes used individual words or pseudo words to produce sounds, but word-level phonological analysis does not always reflect a child's practical articulation ability. Also, there has been limited research on articulation development looking at speech production by grammatical morphemes despite its importance in Korean language. Therefore, this research examines the articulation development and phonological patterns of the /s/ phoneme in terms of morphological types produced in children's spontaneous conversational speech. The subjects were twenty-two typically developing 3- and 4-year-old Koreans. All children showed normal levels in three screening tests: hearing, vocabulary, and articulation. Spontaneous conversational samples were recorded at the children's homes. The results are as follows. The error rates decreased with increasing age in all morphological contexts. Also, error percentages within an age group were significantly lower in lexical morphemes than in grammatical morphemes. The stopping of fricative sounds was the main error pattern in all morphological contexts and reduced as age increased. This research shows that articulation performance can differ significantly by morphological contexts. The present study provides data that can be used to identify the difficult context for articulatory evaluation and therapy of alveolar fricative sounds.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the indoor environment i.e. house type and age, ventilation method, use of bed & sofa, cockroach, ants, etc. on HDM (House dust mites), especially Der fI allergen. Method: Samples of dust from mattresses, pillows and the floor were collected by using a vacuum cleaner from April. 2000. The amount of Group I allergen(Der. fI) of HDM (house dust mites) were measured by two-site ELISA. Indoor Environmental characteristics were accessed by using questionnaires on 178 house wives living in the Seoul area. Results: The amount of HDM allergen (Der fI) was higher in sofa using house. There were higher concentrations of HDM allergen (Der fI) in sofas made from quilt material than for those that were made from leather. Homes that had pets like dogs living in them had higher concentrations of HDM allergen (Der fI) than without dogs. Conclusion: The photophobic mites thrive in dark. warm and humid environments; Items such as pillows. mattresses, box springs, blankets. carpets. and upholstered furniture should be considered ideal environments for the mite. Therefore, an indoor environmental control program should be carried out to avoid the HDM allergen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2011

The housing environment of the weak class in rural area is inferior, the elderly ratio is high, and senior citizens whose living by themselves are increasing. This study was to analyze the actual conditions of utilization status, characterization of residency, management method of the federation of construction associate's love house and local government's case, and usage of the village hall. For better study, we reviewed the literatures and conducted field surveys. The purpose of this study is to suggest a development plan of rural community living homes. The results of this study were as follows; First, it is important for proper site of rural community living home plans to select adjacent location in the surrounding medical and welfare facilities(including community facilities). Second, the living space for one person does not need such a space; about $33m^2$ is suitable. Third, it is important to use surplus area to make kitchen garden in the site planning. Also the architectural plans must be considered to minimize the maintenance costs for the sustainability of the house and winter heating expense problem.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.385-389
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• 2019

As we become an aging society, the number of dementia patients increases every year (an estimated 10% of the elderly, equating to 1.27 million in 30 years). In addition, 17,000 cases of missing people with disabilities and dementia are reported annually, indicating that more than one person per hour goes missing. More than 50% of those who are lost suffer injuries (some of which are fatal) within 24 hours after going missing. This is why measures are urgently required to ensure safety of the elderly. The core function of the disappearances prevention system proposed by this research group is to identify and respond early to deviations of dementia patients from their homes or facilities by identifying the location of the occurrence of disappearance, so that real-time notifications occur when a they leave the protected area. In addition, multiple receivers and public transportation integrated terminals share information when a patient leaves and uses public transportation to ensure their safe return. Most existing beacon-based positioning service models have fixed signal transmitters and are serviced in the form of transport receivers, but the proposed service model has users wearing the BLE beacon and receivers fixed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.881-892
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• 1998

This study attempts to identify attitudes of community leaders toward mental illness in order to obtain useful information concerning the planning of community mental health services. The community sample consists of 50 community leaders including, civil servants, doctors, herb doctors, school nurses, counselors, village leaders, pharmacists, and pastors. Individuals were asked to give demographic data, their personal attitudes toward mental illness' etiology & prognosis, and toward neighbors who are psychiatric patients. The interview with open questions was used to collect data. According to the study community leaders 82% believed that mental illness could be treated, 66% believed that mental illness was caused by genetic factors and environmental stress, and 76% had negative impressions about mentally ill people such as fear, seclusion, asylum, also crime. Only 28% of mentally ill people were accepted as neighbors in community. 52% of community leaders rejected opening of mental hospital, and thought that the Chunchon community needed facilities such as group homes, or day care centers (30%), however, 34% of the leaders they didn't recognize community mental health. These findings suggest that mental health professionals need to pay special attention to change the attitude of Chunchon community leaders and mental health institutions need to a develop mental health education program for community leaders.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2015

The elderly rate in South Korea in 2013 is over 12%. Especially, the elderly rate in rural area is 36%, i.e., in rural area, one of three is people aged 65 and over. Senior community project in rural that is being promoted by the government. This project is to improve the quality of life health and welfare services for the elderly in rural Area. This paper investigates cases used as living space by interview and remodeling senior centers (village community center) for the elders living alone in rural areas. In Gimje two the nation's first senior centers were remodeled in 2006 (for both the village community center) and were begun to use these as group homes. Evaluation was a success. Since then, these were increased by approximately 20 centers per year by year and are currently 108 centers at the end of 2011. In Chungcheongnam-do, a pilot project has been begun for communal living by remodeling the senior center (for both the village community center) and elderly housing. Municipalities are similar in their business (is mostly). Senior community center projects can proceed smoothly in the direction of some of the following tips and suggestions to promote. Senior community center should be expanded for 'private room type'. Government must support the operating costs. It will increase employment in rural areas. Senior community center should be 'Home Atmosphere'.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the difficulties and coping that advanced practice nurses (APNs) experience in home health nursing field. Methods: The participants were 12 APNs who had experience in home health nursing for over 5 years. Data were collected through two focus group interviews between August and September, 2017. The results were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Out of 10 sub-categories and 29 codes, 4 categories emerged: "crushed by the responsibilities as the only healthcare professional", "worn out by family who interfere with work", "anxiety about my safety being threatened" and "using self-learned know-hows". Conclusion: APNs face difficulties due to the environmental characteristics of the homes, the characteristics of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients and their families, and legal or systematical limitations when dealing with problems based on their personal competence. In order to ensure that professional nursing care is more readily provided to CCI patients through home health nursing services in local communities, it is imperative that support systems at the organizational and institutional levels be established in a systematic way to resolve the issues faced by APNs.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-97
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to serve as the basic data for the possible effort of succeeding to traditional culture. The major findings of this study are as follows : On the question about [the importance of Special Days] was shown to average score of 3.8 On the question about [helpfulness degree of Seasonally Special Days] was shown to average score of 3,4 Regarding to the kinds of Seasonally Special days that people celebrate most, [The New Year's Day], [Chusok(Chinese Thanks-giving day)], [Dried Vegetables and mixed bowl of five-sort grains(Chusok:The 1st Full-Moon Day)], [Red beans Gruel (The Winter Solstice)] were shown to enjoy most. In preparation of dishes for Seasonally Special Days, about 58% of the respendants answered that they prepared them at their own homes. [Rice Cake] was shown to the highest among the kinds of ready-made deshes for Seasonally Special Days. On the hand down to foods for Seasonally Special Days, about 38% of respondants answered that they do want to their daughters, The significant variable on family environment for this if family religion. On the prospect for succession of the Seasonally Special Days' customs including the dishes, about 80% of respondants answered that a part of them would be handed down to next generations. The significant variable on family environment for this is subjects' religion. On the degree of recognition of the Seasonally Special Days, mothers's group was predominent(compared with daughters')

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of family caregivers who care for the elderly under Long-term Care Insurance. Methods: Data were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The four focus groups consisted of eight caregivers, two social workers and three nurses in B city, Korea. Results: Five themes were identified: 'Obtaining a care-helper certification for employment', 'Taking care of the elderly in their homes', 'Difficulties due to life changes', 'Difficulties due to reduced wages' and 'Dissatisfaction with the Long-term Care Insurance operating system'. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term care system for family caregivers faces many systematic challenges in providing care for the elderly harmoniously in their home. To help them succeed in their tasks, Long-term Care Insurance system must offer respite and support programs to family caregivers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 2004

Purpose: To develop an Infant Developmental Assesment Scale appropriate for Korean infants that includes cultural context. Method: The total sample included 990 infants aged birth to 24months. The developmental tests were conducted at hospital well baby clinic, daycare centers, public health centers and homes located in city, urban and rural areas. Item analysis was done to examine content validity of the scale. Test responses were analyzed by SPSS to examine the inter-rater reliability, and construct validity. Result: Based on the naturalistic observation and analysis of other developmenta l instruments, 260 Korean infant developmental items were created. The mean score of the developmental quotient of 966 infants was 101.63±10.89. Correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .99. In addition, 84.6％ of total items showed Kappa .70 and above. The development quotient was significantly different depending upon the residential area and father's occupation, therefore, construct validity using known group technique was supported. Conclusion: The developed instrument can be used to assess the development of handicapped infants, as well as normal infant's general abilities and to study individual differences within the normal range for Korean.