• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2023

This study examines the effects of a new app-based intervention program for conversational skills of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants in this study comprised 26 children diagnosed with autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Participants were randomly assigned into a treatment group or a control group according to their ages, IQ, SCQ, and ASSQ scores. The treatment group met with teachers once a week for a single non-face-to-face class for nine weeks, along with conversation training at home using an app. The control group did not participate in any specific programs for conversational skills. Conversation data of all participants were collected before and after the intervention to compare the two groups based on changes in the conversational turn-taking and topic manipulation skills. When analyzed with respect to a Group X Period analysis of variance (ANOVA), the data indicated maintenance on the rate of appropriate listener's verbal responses in the treatment group, whereas the rate of inappropriate listener's verbal response significantly declined in the control group. In addition, the rate of conversation initiation and maintenance and the rate of appropriate initiation improved in the treatment group, whereas the rate of inappropriate initiation declined in this group. Overall, the study demonstrates promising effects of the novel App-based digital intervention on verbal conversational skills in children with high function ASD.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.44-52
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• 2009

It is known that individual factors as cognitive, perception, emotion, and motivation may greatly influence on recovery from neurologic region. This study was to investigate the effects of environmental reinforcement through motivation to perform the tasks voluntarily on motor and cognition function in rats with focal ischemic brain injury. Focal ischemic brain injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (15 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). And then, experiment groups were randomly divided into three groups; The control group: MCAo induction ($n_1$=5), the environmental reinforcement (ER) group: the application for ER after MCAo induction ($n_2$=5), the environmental reinforcement through motivation (ERM) group: the application for ERM after MCAo induction ($n_3$=5). The climbing test (CT) and the modified limb placing tests (MLPTs) to measure the motor function and the Morris water maze acquisition test (MWMAT) and the Morris water maze retention test (MWMRT) to measure the cognitive function were performed. For the CT, the ERM group was significantly larger than the ER group. For the MLPTs, the ERM group was significantly decreased compared to other groups. For the MWMAT, the time to find the circular platform in the ERM group significantly decreased compared to other groups. For the MWMRT, the time to dwell on the quadrant circular platform in the ERM group was significantly increased compared to other groups. These results suggested that the ERM could improve the motor and cognitive functions in the rats with focal ischemic brain injury.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

This study investigated the effect of listening to music on the reduction of public speech anxiety among middle-school female students. The subjects were 66 female first graders, 33 of the experimental and another 33 of the control group selected from two classes of C middle school in Chonan city. The level of anxiety (SAS) was rated by the subjects through self-report and the speech behavior (SBES) of the subjects were evaluated by a teacher before, a week after and two weeks after the speech trials. 64 pieces of music were selected based on the music therapy-related references. After 23 out of 64 pieces were selected for the preliminary experiment and 7 pieces as having positive effects through evaluating those 23 pieces in the other class in the same gaders were finally selected. Subjects listened to music for 40 min two times a day for two weeks with a cassette player in the classroom. The result yielded the followings: 1) Self-reported public speech anxiety decreased both in the experimental and control groups. However, there found more decrease in the music-listening group than in the non-listening music group. 2) The public speech behavior improved both in the experimental and control groups with on difference between the two groups. This suggests a possibility that SBES may not be a accurate measure to evaluate the speech anxiety. We conclude that two-week listening to music has the effect reduction on speech anxiety.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.511-518
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the laughter treatment program on the satisfaction of life and emotional perception clarity of adult women. The subjects were 90 adult women in P metropolitan city who agreed to participate in the experiment and randomly placed 45 women in the control group and 45 women in the experimental group. In the experimental group, the laughter treatment program was conducted for fifteen weeks for a total of fifty minutes a week. t-test and covariance analysis were used to verify the effectiveness of the laughter treatment program. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that the laughter treatment program significantly improves the satisfaction of life of adult women. Second, the laughter treatment program significantly increased the emotional perception of adult women. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and future research topics were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.113-126
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to find grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume reduction in the brain reward system among patients with alcohol dependency. This study investigated regional GM and WM in chronic alcoholic patients, focusing primarily on the reward system, including principal components of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit as well as cortical areas with modulating and oversight functions. Sixteen abstinent long-term chronic alcoholic men and demographically matched 16 healthy control men participated in the study. Morphometric analysis was performed on magnetic resonance brain scans using voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Liealgebra (DARTEL). We derived GM and WM volumes from total brain and cortical and subcortical reward-related structures. Morphometric analyses that revealed the total volume of GM and WM was reduced and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was increased in the alcohol group compared to control group. The pronounced volume reduction in the reward system was observed in the GM and WM of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), GM of the amygdala, GM and WM of the hippocampus, WM of the thalamus, GM and WM of the insula, GM of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), GM of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), GM of the cingulate cortex (CC), GM and WM of the parahippocampal gyrus in the alcohol group. We identified volume reductions in WM as well as GM of reward system in the patients with alcohol dependency. These structural deficits in the reward system elucidate underlying impairment in the emotional and cognitive processing in alcoholism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6076-6083
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• 2014

Service recovery research has been conducted on the premise that service problems can be returned to the original condition. This study, however, focused on irrecoverable service problems for the first time and classified them according to the types and sub-types. The specific wants of customers who experienced unrecoverable service problems were identified by analyzing the customers' emotion, behavior pattern, and the company's responses. The results revealed three main types of problems and 2 categories in group 1, 6 categories in group 2, and 2 categories in group 3. In particular, damaged items and bodily harm were frequent problems, and bodily harm was recognized as the most severe failure. Regarding the customers' emotion, the customers were so enraged at the audacity and the company still showed many problems in terms of its response to the service failures. This study also suggested the analysis results of the customers' behavior and company evaluation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

As a part of integrated study for technical communication between consumer and manufacturer of functional clothing, functional clothing consumers were categorized based on their perception of the functional outdoor jacket and the differences in the source of information and use of hang-tag were examined according to the groups. Questionnaire survey was conducted on 472 males and females in their 20s to 60s, who have experience of purchasing functional outdoor jackets. Perception of functional outdoor jackets was classified into four factors ('functionality', 'price', 'experience/knowledge' and 'brand/design') and the respondents were categorized into three groups according to the factors: 'unconversant/brand & design pursuing group', 'conversant/function pursuing group' and 'high-priced products preferring group'. 'Unconversant/brand & design pursuing group' was composed of high rate of office workers and students in their 20s and 30s who use internet most frequently as source of information while 'conversant/function pursuing group' was composed of high rate of professionals in their 40s and 50s who make the most frequent use of information on hang-tag. 'High-priced products preferring group', which has high rate of the elderly in their 60s and housewives, obtain their information mainly from salespersons. 'Unconversant/brand & design pursuing group' was satisfied with functional information more than other two groups and 'conversant/function pursuing group' concerned for the hang-tag and required more explanation of terminology used in hang-tag. The results effectively explained the features of consumer groups and their different responses toward the information of functional outdoor jacket.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.3-20
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on visuo-spatial attention allocation ability and emotional perception bias. We used the useful field of view (UFOV) task to measure the visuo-spatial attention allocation ability and the emotional perception task to measure positive and negative emotional perception bias. A total of 48 participants took part in this study with 23 participants in the senior group and 25 in the junior group. The senior group showed slower response time and lower accuracy than the junior group in the UFOV task, indicating that the senior group had lower visuo-spatial attention allocation ability than the junior group. In the emotional perception task, the senior group showed both positive and negative emotional perception bias more than the junior group. The correlation analysis showed that the negative emotional perception bias for accuracy in the emotional perception task showed a positive correlation with the response time to the stimuli presented in the visual angle 30° in the UFOV task (r=.289). In addition, positive emotional perception bias for the accuracy in the emotional perception task showed a positive correlation with the accuracy of the stimuli presented in the visual angles 10°, 20°, and 30° in the UFOV task (r=.305, r=.322, and r=.299, respectively). However, it showed a negative correlation with the response time of the stimuli presented in the same location in the UFOV task (r=-.345, r=-.295, r=-.308). These results suggest that aging is associated with a decrease in the visuo-spatial attention allocation ability and perceptual bias toward positive and negative emotions. In addition, the positive and negative emotional perception biases associated with aging are potentially related to the reduced visuo-spatial attention allocation ability.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resilience on information processing. Thirty-nine male high school students were randomly selected and assigned to one of the three experimental groups: (1) high group (n = 13), (2) middle group (n = 13) and low group (n = 13) according to their resilience scale (KRQ-53) scores. The tasks were simple reaction time, choice reaction time-1, and choice reaction time -2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, Fz, Cz and Pz. A 3 × 8 × 4 (groups × areas × times) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor was calculated to determine resilience effects on EEG. P300 was analyzed using a 3 × 3 × 8 (groups × tasks × areas) ANOVA. The results showed that the theta waves of the middle group were higher than those of the high and low groups. Second, as a result of analyzing alpha waves, the high group demonstrated higher alpha waves than the middle and low groups. Third, the mid-beta waves of the middle and low groups were higher than those of the high group. Lastly, the result of this study showed that the P300 amplitude of the middle group was higher than that of the high and low groups. These results indicated that the middle group processed cognitive information more efficiently than the other two groups. The findings of this study demonstrated that cognitive information processing ability varies depending on the degree of resilience.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.783-791
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine my hypothesis that how teacher's teaching style influences emotional and physiological states of students in the secondary school science classroom. Sixty healthy secondary school students were participated in this study and divided into two groups: manipulation and non-manipulation. Each group underwent different styles of teaching on the scientific hypothesis-generating of com starch experiment. Before and after the class, the strength of emotion was measured using adjective emoticon check lists and they extracted their saliva sample for salivary hormone analysis. Here are the results of this study. First, the intensity of positive emotions in the manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the non-manipulation group, whereas the intensity of negative emotions in the non-manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the manipulation group. Second, the cortisol level, an indicator of stress, was decreased in the manipulation group whereas it was increased in non-manipulation group. Third, the quality of scientific hypotheses which is generated by students during the class had no connection with types of instructions. Fourth, this study found significantly negative correlation between students' emotional intensity of interest and concentration changes of salivary cortisol. Therefore, the different teaching styles have influence upon students' attitude and interest in science.