• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2008

One of the big concerns in e-society is privacy issue. In special, in developing robust ubiquitous smart space and corresponding services, user profile and preference are collected by the service providers. Privacy issue would be more critical in context-aware services simply because most of the context data themselves are private information: user's current location, current schedule, friends nearby and even her/his health data. To realize the potential of ubiquitous smart space, the systems embedded in the space should corporate personal privacy preferences. When the users invoke a set of services, they are asked to allow the service providers or smart space to make use of personal information which is related to privacy concerns. For this reason, the users unhappily provide the personal information or even deny to get served. On the other side, service provider needs personal information as rich as possible with minimal personal information to discern royal and trustworthy customers and those who are not. It would be desirable to enlarge the allowable personal information complying with the service provider's request, whereas minimizing service provider's requiring personal information which is not allowed to be submitted and user's submitting information which is of no value to the service provider. In special, if any personal information required by the service provider is not allowed, service will not be provided to the user. P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences) has been regarded as one of the promising alternatives to preserve the personal information in the course of electronic transactions. However, P3P mainly focuses on preserving the buyers' personal information. From time to time, the service provider's business data should be protected from the unintended usage from the buyers. Moreover, even though the user's privacy preference could depend on the context happened to the user, legacy P3P does not handle the contextual change of privacy preferences. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a mutual P3P-based negotiation mechanism. To do so, service provider's privacy concern is considered as well as the users'. User's privacy policy on the service provider's information also should be informed to the service providers before the service begins. Second, privacy policy is contextually designed according to the user's current context because the nomadic user's privacy concern structure may be altered contextually. Hence, the methodology includes mutual privacy policy and personalization. Overall framework of the mechanism and new code of ethics is described in section 2. Pervasive platform for mutual P3P considers user type and context field, which involves current activity, location, social context, objects nearby and physical environments. Our mutual P3P includes the privacy preference not only for the buyers but also the sellers, that is, service providers. Negotiation methodology for mutual P3P is proposed in section 3. Based on the fact that privacy concern occurs when there are needs for information access and at the same time those for information hiding. Our mechanism was implemented based on an actual shopping mall to increase the feasibility of the idea proposed in this paper. A shopping service is assumed as a context-aware service, and data groups for the service are enumerated. The privacy policy for each data group is represented as APPEL format. To examine the performance of the example service, in section 4, simulation approach is adopted in this paper. For the simulation, five data elements are considered: $\cdot$ UserID $\cdot$ User preference $\cdot$ Phone number $\cdot$ Home address $\cdot$ Product information $\cdot$ Service profile. For the negotiation, reputation is selected as a strategic value. Then the following cases are compared: $\cdot$ Legacy P3P is considered $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered without strategic value $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered with strategic value. The simulation results show that mutual P3P outperforms legacy P3P. Moreover, we could conclude that when mutual P3P is considered with strategic value, performance was better than that of mutual P3P is considered without strategic value in terms of service safety.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

본 논문은 커뮤니티 기반의 유비쿼터스 네트워크에서 대리 서명 기법을 적용한 커뮤니티 멤버들 간의 상호 인증 기법 및 안전한 커뮤니티 생성 권한 위임 기법을 제안한다. 커뮤니티 기반의 유비쿼터스 네트워크에서는 사용자가 필요로 하는 네트워크 서비스 및 응용서비스를 제공해주기 위해 다양한 상황인식 정보가 수집 되고 활용된다. 또한 사용자는 학업, 게임, 정보 공유, 사업, 회의 등의 다양한 목적에 의해 다양한 커뮤니티를 생성할 수 있다. 그러나 커뮤니티 기반의 유비쿼터스 네트워크의 경우 공격자에 의해 상황인식 정보가 위조 및 도용되어 악의적인 목적으로 사용될 수 있다. 또한 악의적인 목적으로 커뮤니티를 생성할 수 있다. 제안하는 기법은 위임 서명 기법을 이용하여 커뮤니티 멤버들 간의 상호 인증 및 비밀 키를 교환 할 수 있도록 지원하고, 안전하게 커뮤니티 생성 권한을 위임할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 기존 RSA 서명 기법과의 비교 분석을 통해 전체 계산 시간이 감소함을 확인하였다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.341-361
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the father-role in the context of Family-Friendly-Environment and to give the information for enhancing the father-role and balancing between work and family. Through the survey in February and March 2010 the data from 973 cases was collected. As a research method the frequency, percent proportion, mean, $X^2$ and Anova were used. From the data 'friendly father' was found as the most preferred father role. And we found the context of father-role was varied with the stage of children's age group. Also the need for the family-friendly program of Healthy-Families-Center was founded. This result was to be applicated for the educational program for fathers. So we proposed the educational program for the fathers in accordance with the developmental stage of children focused on the friendly father-role. In order to perform the friendly father role, more concert information and specific contents have to be developed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 한국 중국 미국 소비자를 대상으로 가족적 맥락에서의 ICT 이용을 비교함으로써 국가 문화적 맥락이 미치는 영향력을 확인하는 데에 있다. 이를 위하여 한국 중국 미국의 소비자를 대상으로 가족을 위한 ICT 이용에 대한 국가별 소비자의 태도를 확인하고, 가족적 차원에서 이를 얼마나 다양하게 이용하고 있는지 탐색해보고자 하였다. 이를 토대로 각국의 소비자가 가족생활에서의 ICT 이용 행태에 따라 어떻게 유형화될 수 있는지 실증하고자 하였다. 자료 분석을 위하여 통계 패키지 프로그램 SPSS 22를 이용하여 빈도분석 및 요인분석, ANOVA 등을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 한국 중국 미국 소비자의 ICT 보유 현황은 전 세계적 흐름과 일맥상통하는 부분이 있는 반면, 세부 항목에서는 차이를 보였다. 가족과 관련한 이용 역시 서로 유사한 측면이 발견되었으나, 국가에 따라 그 정도의 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 소비자 유형화 결과, 세 국가에서 동일한 유형이 발견되었지만 그 구성 비율에 있어 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구는 국가별 ICT 소비자를 이해하는 데에 있어 사회 문화적 맥락의 중요성을 제기하였다는 의의를 지닌다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what kinds of research have been done about scientific inquiry in terms of scientific argumentation in the classroom context from the upper elementary to the high school levels. First, science educators argued that there had not been differentiation between authentic scientific inquiry by scientists and school scientific inquiry by students in the classroom. This uncertainty of goals or definition of scientific inquiry has led to the problem or limitation of implementing scientific inquiry in the classroom. It was also pointed out that students' learning science as inquiry has been done without opportunities of argumentation to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Second, what is scientific argumentation, then? Researchers stated that scientific inquiry in the classroom cannot be guaranteed only through hands-on experimentation. Students can understand how scientific knowledge is constructed through their reasoning skills using opportunities of argumentation based on their procedural skills using opportunities of experimentation. Third, many researchers emphasized the social practices of small or whole group work for enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills through argumentations. Different role of leadership in groups and existence of teachers' roles are found to have potential in enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand science as inquiry. Fourth, what is scientific reasoning? Scientific reasoning is defined as an ability to differentiate evidence or data from theory and coordinate them to construct their scientific knowledge based on their collection of data (Kuhn, 1989, 1992; Dunbar & Klahr, 1988, 1989; Reif & Larkin, 1991). Those researchers found that students skills in scientific reasoning are different from scientists. Fifth, for the purpose of enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed, other researchers suggested that teachers' roles in scaffolding could help students develop those skills. Based on this literature review, it is important to find what kinds of generalizable teaching strategies teachers use for students scientific reasoning skills through scientific argumentation and investigate teachers' knowledge of scientific argumentation in the context of scientific inquiry. The relationship between teachers' knowledge and their teaching strategies and between teachers teaching strategies and students scientific reasoning skills can be found out if there is any.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-50
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• 2004

This study attempts to find out what kind of service quality is considered important by customers in using the Internet shopping mall and suggests the way to activate the customer relationship. The findings based on empirical analysis are shown here. First, empirical analysis of the contextual factors such as gender, education, and experience levels, shows that what customers perceive as most important in the product purchase is security in terms of the payment and personal information service. The second important service quality factor perceived by customers is responsiveness, particularly the rapidity and accuracy of response to their needs and wants. The customers also considered price, quality and diversity of the product as being important. Furthermore, there is no big difference among other service quality factors. Second, in the different gender context, there is no significant difference between the genders. However, the male group shows an even distribution of factors valued in the service quality, whereas female respondents placed stronger emphases on particular aspects of service, such as security, response, reliability and product quality. Third, in the context of different education level, the payment method between graduates and non-graduates has a significant difference. That is, the non-graduates prefer the credit card and saving through ATM, while the graduates use dual payment method using credit card and another payment method together. Therefore, the various payment methods should be considered according to the customer type, namely graduates or non-graduates. Fourth, in the context of different experience level, the result of the empirical analysis of the factors of the service quality shows no great difference between experienced and inexperienced customers. Both types of customer perceive security as the most important. To sum up, the service quality perceived by the customers of Internet shopping malls is empirically analyzed in different contexts such as gender, education, and experience. Then, the device for the customer relationship activation is suggested. It can be utilized as a guideline for the continuing diffusion of the Internet shopping mall, giving it a competitive advantage against other companies.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

본 연구는 북미 토착민인 인디언 학생들을 대상으로 설계된 문화 반영적 융합교육(STEM)을 이용한 문제해결 수업을 보여준다. 이 수업은 악기상을 고려한 Shelter Design 또는 피난처 설계에 관한 것이었다. 이 수업은 인디언 학생들을 대상으로 6일간 여름방학캠프 프로그램으로 적용되었으며 모든 수업은 인디언 보호구역에 있는 학교에서 실시되었다. 본 연구를 위한 데이터로는 학생들의 Shelter Design 그림, 그림에 대한 부연 설명, 그리고 학생용 학습지였다. 데이터는 질적 분석 방법에 의해 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과 학생들은 문화 반영적(STEM) 수업 후 STEM 지식을 더 많이 습득하였으며, Shelter Design활동을 하는 동안 학생들의 문화적 지식과 일상생활 경험 등을 활용하여 문제를 해결하는 것으로 드러났다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.253-287
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• 2017

이 글의 목적은 본 연구자가 에티오피아 아셀라 타운에서의 현지조사를 통해 수집한 자료를 토대로, 종족 현상을 다층적 맥락에서 살펴보는 데 있다. 생태학적 조건, 양대 종족의 숫자상 균형, 빈번한 종족 외혼 및 '젖 먹이기'라는 사회문화적 관행의 영향 등으로 인해, 이 타운에서는 집단적 수준의 종족 갈등이 거의 발생하지 않았다. 하지만 이러한 관행의 긍정적인 영향에도 불구하고, 아셀라에서는 지배 종족에 의한 차별과 위협이 지속적으로 발생해 온 것으로 파악되었다. 대개의 제보자는 종족 외혼이 종족 집단 및 공동체 구성원의 유대를 강화하고, 상이한 종족 문화를 습득하고, 사람들 간의 관용 정신을 배양하고, 혼종적(다중적) 종족 정체성을 가진 우수한 2세를 생산하는 데 기여한다고 여기고 있었다. 그러나 일부 제보자는 종족 외혼이 그 당사자의 이기적인 선택에 불과할 뿐만 아니라 종족 정체성을 손상시키므로, 결코 바람직한 일이 아니라는 입장을 견지했다. 상당수의 제보자는 현재 진행 중인 오로모화가 지극히 당연한 현상이라 여기고 있는 반면, 일부 제보자는 오로모화를 강제성, 피상성 및 생존 전략의 맥락에서 파악될 필요가 있다고 역설했다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2021

The article seeks to explore Ukrainian media art and its features in a global context. In particular, it performs an in-depth analysis of the stages of its development from video art of the 1990s, media installations of the 2000s, and to various digital and VR technologies today. Due to historical circumstances, the development of media art was quite rapid, as young artists sought to gain new experience in media art. Most often, their experience was broadened through international cooperation and studying abroad. The paper analyzes the presentation of Ukrainian media art outside the country during 1993-2020 and distinguishes the main thematic areas of the artists' work. It examines how artists present and reveal the peculiarities of the Ukrainian worldview, aesthetics, and culture through the problematization of certain aspects and themes in their work. Specifically, among the principal topics which are problematized in the work of media artists are a sensory experience, limited sensory capabilities, gender issues, the Chernobyl tragedy, the development of utopian models of the city, and global communication. The leading themes of Ukrainian artists also include revolution and war. Notably, political and social sentiments determine the unique energy and vitality of contemporary Ukrainian art, create a revolutionary creative environment, and unite media artists in group art projects. It is concluded that by showing, exhibiting, and presenting them outside the country, artists shape the image of Ukrainian art in a global context.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.755-762
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 학습 예측이 가능한 군집적 알고리즘으로 COVID-19에서 상황인식정보인 질병의 속성정보와 클러스터링를 이용한 군집적 알고리즘을 제안한다. 클러스터링 내에서 처리되는 군집 데이터는 신규 또는 새롭게 입력되는 정보가 상호관계를 예측하기 위해 분류 제공되는데, 이때 새롭게 입력되는 정보가 비교정보에서 오염된 정보로 처리되면 기존 분류된 군집으로부터 벗어나게 되어 군집성을 저하시키는 요인으로 작용하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 COVID-19에서의 질병속성 정보내 K-means알고리즘을 이용함에 있어 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 질병 상호관계 정보 추출이 가능한 사용자 군집 분석 방식을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 자율적인 사용자 군집 특징의 상호관계를 분석학습하고 이를 통하여 사용자 질병속성간에 따른 클러스터를 구성해 사용자의 누적 정보로부터 클러스터의 중심점을 제공하게 된다. 논문에서 제안된 COVID-19의 다중질병 속성정보군집단위로 분류하고 학습하는 알고리즘은 적용한 모의실험 결과를 통해 사용자 관리 시스템의 예측정확도가 학습과정에서 향상됨을 보여주었다.