• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the wound healing effects of the Opuntia ficus-indica. Four full-thickness skin wounds(2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) were made in different areas on the back in each of five dogs. Two wounds were used for wound size measurement and two for skin biopsy. The ten full-thickness wounds were treated with the extract of Opuntia ficus-indica, and the ten full-thickness wounds were treated with normal saline. The wound areas were measured every other day for three weeks after wounding. Statistical analysis was performed with the paired t-test. The wound healing rates were 32.9±4.0%, 28.2±7.1%, 42.2±4.1%, 55.0±4.3%, 76.6±2.8%, 86.8±2.3%, 94.0±1.l%, 97.3±0.8%, 99.3±0.3%, 99.8±0.2%, 100.0±0.0% in the experimental group, and 18.0± 8.2%, 13.S± 11.6%, 15.2±6.1 %, 36.9±8.8%, 62.4±4.1%, 80.0±2.3%, 86.0±1.4%, 94.0±0.9%, 96.9±0.8%, 97.8±0.3%, 99.7±0.1% in the control group on the 1/sup st/, 3/sup rd/, 5/sup th/, 7/sup th/, 9/sup th/, 11/sup th/, 13/sup th/, 15/sup th/, 17/sup th/, 19/sup th/, 21/sup st/ day. On the 17/sup th/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 1 dog of the experimental group. On the 19/sup th/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 3 dogs of the experimental group. On the 21/sup st/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 5 dogs of the experimental group, and 1 dog of the control group. The wound healing period was shortened by 2 to 4 days in the experimental group as compared with the control group. The tensile strength was 4,508±513 g/㎠ in the experimental group and 2,772±400 g/㎠ in the control group on the 21/sup st/ day after wounding. The tensile strength was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(p< 0.05). Inflammation rapidly spread and disappeared in the experimental group but not in the control group. Fibroblast and vascularization were found on the 5/sup th/ day in both group and increased only in the experimental group on the 9/sup th/ day. The firs finding of epithelialization was on the 13/sup th/ day in the experimental group and the 21/sup st/ day in the control group. A significantly higher wound healing rate(p< 0.05), tensile strength(p< 0.05) and better histopathological findings were observed in the experimental group than in the control group throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that topical application of Opuntia ficus-indica extract can promote wound healing in dogs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Objective: Mammalian embryos undergo changes of energy environment for transfer from oviduct to uterus. Also, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration (oviduct - glucose: 0.5 mM, pyruvate: 0.32 mM, lactate: 10.5 mM; uterus - goucose: 3.15 mM, pyruvate: 0.1mM, lactate: 5.87 mM, respectively). This study was conducted to examine the effect of these energy sources added in DMEM with glutamine on the mouse embryo development. Methods: There was used ICR female mouse. Two cell embryos of mouse are collected by method of 'flushing'. Flushing fluid was used Ham's F-10 added to 20% FBS. The collected 2 cell embryos were cultured in media such as Control (only DMEM), group A and B (DMEM supplemented with 0.5 mM and 3.15 mM glucose), and group C and D (DMEM supplemented with 0.1 mM and 0.32 mM pyruvate), and group E and F (DMEM supplemented with 5.87 mM and 10.5 mM lactate). All experimental media supplemented with 20% hFF, respectively. Pattern of embryo development was observed to interval at 24hr during 96hr. Results : The media with glutamine added glucose (group A: 51.0%; group B: 48.4%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other experimental group in development into the morula stage after 24 hr in culture, but not significantly different compared with control and the rate of development into the blastocyst was significantly (p<0.05) low in the both of pyruvate (group C: 7.9% group D: 6.8%) and lactate (group E: 7.1%, group F: 7.1%) treatment group after 48 hr in culture. Development into the blastocyst and hatched balstocyst after 72 hr in culture revealed similarly in control (81.9%) and glucose treatment group (group A: 83.3%, group B: 82.8%). However, development into the hatched and attached blastocyst after 96hr in culture revealed significantly (p<0.05) development in the glucose treatment group (group A: 82.3%, group B: 78.5%) than control (63.2%), and its of pyruvate (group C: 34.1%, group D: 34.1%) and lactate (group E: 25.9%, group F: 33.3%) treatment group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than control similar to previous observations. Conclusion : The glucose added to the DMEM with only glutamine, as energy source, was highly to the rate of development compared with control, but the other energy sources were not, synthetically. Above refer to, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration. Thus, further studies are will examine continuously to effects by interaction of different energy sources in the mouse embryo development, and these results will provide to foundation on the human embryo culture.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1986

A study of occlusal relationship and TMJ dysfunction, parafunctional relationship and TMJ dysfunction using PRI was investigated in 23 dental students without history of being treated, ranging from 19 to 24 years old. The author used Denar Pantronic and D5-A articulator to study above. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Distribution of PRI in experimental subjects was as follows. None 13%, Slight 43%, Moderate 40%, Severe 4% Prevalance of TMJ Dysfunction was 87% 2. PRI scores of occlusal group Aoi (less than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) was $11.72\pm2.32$ , those of occlusal group Boi (more than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) 23.0 $\pm$ 8.06. There was a significant difference between group Aoi and group Boi(P<0.01) 3. PRI scores of occlusal group Ald (no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) was 12.0 $\pm$ 2.49, those of occlusal group Bld(no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) 24.5$\pm$5.33 There was a significant difference between group Ald and group Bld(P<0.05) 4. Prevalance of parafunction subjects(%) was 65.2%. 5. PRI scores of parafunction group was 21.6 $\pm$ 9.48, those of nonparafunctional group 18.7 $\pm$ 9.06. There was not significant difference between parafunctional group and nonparafunctional group(P>0.1)

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.383-392
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a supplemented mixture of herbs (artemisia, eucommia ulmoids and houttuynia cordata) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood characteristics, microflora population and diarrhea frequency in weanling pigs. Eighty-four pigs were randomly allotted into one of the four dietary treatments, each of which had 3 replicates. Experimental diets were prepared by adding (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) a mixture of artemisia, eucommia ulmoids and houttuynia cordata to a commercial feed, and were given to pigs for 42 days. Daily feed intake was significantly increased in the groups supplemented with the mixture at 1.0% group and 2.0% group. Digestibility was significantly increased in 1.0% for protein and ether extract, and in 1.0% group and 2.0% group for NFE. Total bacillus and lactobacillus sp. were significantly (p<0.05) improved in 1.0% group and 2.0% group, respectively. Glucose concentrations of serum increased significantly (p<0.05) in 0.5% group and 1.0% group, and HDL increased significantly (p<0.05) in 1.0% group and 2.0% group. Diarrhea decreased by treatments except control (p<0.05). It is concluded that pigs fed the diet supplemented with 1.0% mixture of herbs can improve daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, nutrient utilizations and diarrhea frequency in pigs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 1988

QSAR of Salicylic acid derivatives, as anti-inflammatory agent, classified into Group I (not-having-5-phenyl ones) and Group II (having-5-phenyl ones) were investigated by quantum chemical calculations. The results are below: not significant statistically for both of Group I and Group II, but significant for each Group. $potency=-8.46X_{5}+1.639\;n=5\;r=0.77\;se=0.31\;for\;Group\;I.$ $({\pm}4.05)\;({\pm}0.5)$ where $X_5$ means charge of carbon atom bonded to hydroxyl radical. $potency=0.16X_{19}+7427.38HO-6629.85X_{15}+4977.40X_{10}+351.51X_5+3378.84$ $({\pm}0.17)\;({\pm}10.18)\;({\pm}11.70)\;({\pm}33.78)\;({\pm}4.41)\;({\pm}13.13)$ n=7 r=0.99 se=0.019 for Group II. where $X_{19}$ and $X_{15}$ stand for charges of the para carbon and the first carbon atoms in phenyl radical, respectively and $X_{10}$, charge of carboxylic carbon atom, HO, HOMO energy. It seems to be possible to qualitatively predict potency of drug by Pearson's HSAB theory. It means that drug should possess low LUMO energy and high HOMO energy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.612-619
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) extract drink (ASRF-0.1% and ASRF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychological stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 24.3% and 38.0% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretion in the brain were significantly increased 35.9% in ASRF-0.5 group, but NA secretion in ASRF-0.1 group could not be obtained significant result compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethy leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 16.5% and 18.9% respectively in ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 16.5% and 67.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) drink also can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the composite resin bonded on the bleached enamel surface according to its surface treatment. 90 extracted human premolars were divided into six groups. : enamel unbleached (control group) and enamel bleached with 15% carbamide peroxide for 2 weeks (experimental groups: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). The surface of bleached enamel in all experimental groups was treated by following manners. Experimental group 1 : catalase immersion for 3 mimutes. Experimental group 2 : catalase immersion for 15 mimutes. Experimental group 3 : artificial saliva immersion for 1 hour. Experimental group 4 : artificial saliva immersion for 48 hours. Experimental group 5: surface reduction of the bleached enamel about 0.5mm-1mm with superfine diamond bur. Composite resin molds(3mm height, 3mm diameter) were bonded to the untreated enamel and treated. The shear bond strengths of composite resin bonded to enamel of each specimen were tested with universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5mm/min and 500Kg in full scale and analyzed statistically. The following results were obtained : 1. Control group had the highest shear bond strength with $19.92{\pm}5.14$ MPa and experimental group 5 had the lowest shear bond strength with $11.15{\pm}4.23$ MPa. 2. Control group showed significant differences in shear bond strength with experimental group 1(P<0.05). 3. Control group showed significant differences in shear bond strength with experimental group 5(P<0.05). 4. Experimental group 4 showed significant differences in shear bond strength with experimental group 5(P<0.05). 5. Experimental group 3 showed no significant differences in shear bond strength with experimental group 4(P<0.05).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.316-326
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• 2024

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the lifestyle-related behaviors of patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to investigate the associations between the time since GC diagnosis and these behaviors. Materials and Methods: This study included 29,478 adults (including 338 patients with GC) aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2021. Multiple logistic regression analysis explored the associations between the time since GC diagnosis (patients diagnosed with GC less than 5 years ago [<5 years group] and those diagnosed with GC 5 or more than years ago [≥5 years group]) and lifestyle factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age and sex. Results: The current smoking rate was not lower in the GC group than in the healthy group, regardless of time since diagnosis. Compared to the healthy controls, monthly alcohol intake was lower in the <5 years group (odds ratio [OR], 0.450; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.275-0.736). The ≥5 years group showed a lower rate of strength training (OR, 0.548; CI, 0.359-0.838), compared with the healthy control group. Subgroup analysis focusing on the ≥5 years group revealed a significantly lower rate of strength training, particularly in patients aged ≥65 years and male patients (OR, 0.519 and 0.553; CI, 0.302-0.890 and 0.340-0.901, respectively). Conclusions: Clinicians should continue educating patients on lifestyle behavior modifications, particularly alcohol abstinence, even beyond 5 years after GC diagnosis. Education on strength training is especially important for patients ≥65 years or male patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the curing effect of visible light through tooth substance, 0.5mm, 1.0mm thickness of enamel and dentin were prepared. Experimental specimen were made by Bisfil M & Silux packing into cylindrical brass mold 6.0mm in diameter, 2.0mm and 3.0mm, in height. All specimen were irradiated by visible light (Grip type) model No. SDL-50 Shofu Co.) for 30 seconds through tooth substance. Experimental groups were classified into enamel group (group 1) and dentin group (group 2) according to the thickness of tooth materials and then were divided into 2 subgroups (0.5mm group and 1.0mm group). In experimental groups, visible light irradiated to the specimen through either 0.5mm in thick or 1.0mm in think of tooth material. In Control group specimen were prepared by direct irradiation on the specimen surface of visible light without through tooth substance. The hardness was measured with a Barcol hardness tester (Barber-Colman Co. U.S.A.) for each prepared specimen. The results were as follows: 1. In control group, there were higher hardness values than those of in experimental group. 2. In experimental groups, 0.5mm groups had higher hardness values than 1.0mm groups did. 3. The hardness value at top surface of the specimen were higher than the hardness of bottom surface in each group. 4. Bisfil M had higher hardness values than Silux. 5. In all specimen of 3.0mm height polymerization effect was not occurred at bottom surface except Bisfil M in control group.