• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

The effect of hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes) on the level of blood sugar and cholesterol in the diabetes-induced rat by streptozotocin(STZ) was investigated. The yield of hemicellulose by extraction process of 5% salt extraction, preparation of alcohol insoluble substance, IN KOH extraction, acid precipitation(pH 3.0), and dialysis was 9.24%. The experimental plots divided to 1% cellulose group(control), 0.5% hemicellulose group(H-l) and 1% hemicellulose group(H-2). The groups were fed for 6 weeks, then continuously fed for 1 week after induction of diabetes by STZ. Feed intakes, weight gain and feed efficiency of the each groups were not significantly different, while water intakes and liver weight of H-2 group were lower than those of control and H-l group. Weight of liver in the H-2 group was significantly lower than those of control and H-l groups. The amounts of feces were 0.32 g/day in the control group, 0.43∼0.44 g/day in the H-l and H-2 groups, while the amounts of urine were 15.28 mL/day in the control group, 10.83∼11.20 mL/day in the H-l and H-2 groups. The content of blood glucose before diabetes induction(fed for 3∼5 weeks) was 111.2-132.6 mg/dL in the control group, not significantly different from others; After diabetes induction, however, the contents were 212.8 mg/dL in the control group, 140.0-144.0 mg/dL in the H-l and H-2 groups, which showed significant difference. Urine glucose contents of H-2 group before and after diabetes induction were lower than those of control and H-l groups. There was no significant difference in the content of neutral lipid between each groups. Total cholesterol contents were 101.6 mg/dL in the control group, 56.∼64.0 mg/dL in the hemicellulose groups. HDL-cholesterol content and atherogenic index of hemicellulose groups were lower than those of control group, respectively. In conclusion, the hemicellulose extracted from Shiitake mushroom represented improving and preventing effects for diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups. Diabetic animals were fed catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Levels of blood glucose were three fold higher in all three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma insulin were markedly lower in three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma cortisol were increased in DM-0C group compared with that of the normal group. Triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were increased in DM-0C groups compared with the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and normal group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced in DM-0C and DM-0.5C groups by 38% and 25%, respectively and had similar tendency in the DM-1C group compared with that of control group. Atherogenic index have shown same pattern as the result of total cholesterol. Activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co enzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase were higher in DM-0C groups than those of the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and the normal group. It is concluded that dietary catechins can modulate lipid levels of serum and liver HMG-CoA reductase activity in diabetic rats.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

The environmental factors and the distribution of coliform group were investigated in Suyeong bay on the summer, 1989. The ranges of environmental factors were as follows : Dissolved oxygen $0.54{\sim}6.82m{\ell}/{\ell}$, COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) 0.28~9.84ppm, Salinity 14.7~33.5%, Nitrite $0.13{\sim}20.49{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Nitrate $0.89{\sim}62.77{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Ammonia $3.81{\sim}246.98{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Silicate $6.12{\sim}177.5{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$. The coliform group ranged $10^4{\sim}10^5/100m\ell$ in the mouth and it was decreased in the open sea. Among the composition of coliform group, E. coli I type was dominent at distance area. The correlation between coliform group and ammonia was r=0.629. There were negative correlation between salinity, dissolved oxygen and coliform group during study period.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

Objective : Postoperative delirium is a common complication in the elderly after surgery but few papers have reported after spinal surgery. We analyzed various risk factors for postoperative delirium after spine surgery. Methods : Between May 2012 and September 2013, 70 patients over 60 years of age were examined. The patients were divided into two groups : Group A with delirium and Group B without delirium. Cognitive function was examined with the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Information was also obtained on the patients' education level, underlying diseases, duration of hospital stay and laboratory findings. Intraoperative assessment included Bispectral index (BIS), type of surgery or anesthesia, blood pressure, fluid balance, estimated blood loss and duration of surgery. Results : Postoperative delirium developed in 17 patients. The preoperative scores for the MMSE, CDR, and GDS in Group A were $19.1{\pm}5.4$, $0.9{\pm}0.6$, and $3.3{\pm}1.1$. These were significantly lower than those of Group B ($25.6{\pm}3.4$, $0.5{\pm}0.2$, and $2.1{\pm}0.7$) (p<0.05). BIS was lower in Group A ($30.2{\pm}6.8$ compared to $35.4{\pm}5.6$ in group B) (p<0.05). The number of BIS <40 were $5.1{\pm}3.1$ times in Group A, $2.5{\pm}2.2$ times in Group B (p<0.01). In addition, longer operation time and longer hospital stay were risk factors. Conclusion : Precise analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium seems to be more important in spinal surgery because the surgery is not usually expected to have an effect on brain function. Although no risk factors specific to spinal surgery were identified, the BIS may represent a valuable new intraoperative predictor of the risk of delirium.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

This study aimed to investigate the effects of each constituent-herb of Sagoonja- Tang on the plasma corticosterone level in mice exposed to cold stress. Sagoonja-Tang is composed of Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Radix, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Each constisuent-herb(0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg) was administered intragastrically to mice 1hr prior to expose to forced cold water swimming($4{\circ}C$, 3min) before measuring the change of plasma corticosterone level of mice. The results were as follows: 1. At 30 minutes after the cold stress for 3 minutes the most significant increase of corticosterone level was shown. 2. Ginseng group(PGR group) didn't show any significant changes. 3. Atractylodis group(AR group) showed significant decrease at 0.5g/kg dose (P<0.01). But it didn't show significant changes at 1.0g／kg dose. 4. Poria group(P group) didn't show significant changes. But it showed slightly increase at 1.0g/kg dose. 5. Glycyrrhizae group(GR group) didn't show significant changes. These data revealed that Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma might have the anti-stress effect through the control of plasma corticosterone level and the dose of herbs had a different effect on the plasma corticosterone level in mice exposed to cold stress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.605-612
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• 2000

Background: Ischemic preconditioning enhances the tolerance of myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, with the enhancement of the recovery of post-ischemic myocardial function. This study was disigned to assess whether the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rate heart. Material and method: Fourty four Spargue-Dawley rats, weighing 300~450gm, were divided into four groups. Group 1(n=7) and group 3(n=12) were subjected to 30 minutes of aerobic Langendorff perfusion without ischemic preconditioning and then preserved in saline solution at 2~4$^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and 5 respectively. Group 2(n=7) and group 4(n=18) were perfused in the same way for 20 minutes, followed by 3 minutes of global mormothermic ischemia and 10 minutes of perfusion and then preserved in the same cold saline solution for 4 hours and 5 hours respectively. Heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP), and coronary flow were measured at 15 minutes during perfusion as baseline. Spontaneous defibrillation time was measured after reperfusion. Heart rate, LVDP, and coronary flow were also recorded at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes during reperfusion. Samples of the apical left ventricular wall were studied using a transmission electron microscope. Result: Time of spontaneous defibrillation(TSD) was significantly longer in group 4 than in group 1(p<0.001), and TSD in group 1 was significantly longer in comparision to that of group 2(p<0.05). Heart rate at 45 minutes was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.05). Heart rate at 15 min was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1(p<0.001) and in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.01), LVDP at 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Rate-pressure product(RPP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.05). RPP at 15 minutes was higher in group 2 than in group 1(p<0.01). RPP at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Group 2 showed relatively less sarcoplasmic edema and less nuclear chromatin clearance than group 1. Group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed more myocardial cell edema than group 1. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning enhanced the recovery of postischemic myocardial function after 4 hours and 5 hours preservation. However, it was not demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning could definitely provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rat heart.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Purpose: To clarify the clinical features of appendicitis in preschool children and to explore clinical appendicitis scoring systems in this age group. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 142 children, aged 10 years or younger, with confirmed diagnosis of appendicitis based on surgical and pathologic findings. Enrolled subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 (preschool children aged ${\leq}5$ years, n=41) and Group 2 (school children aged >5 to ${\leq}10$ years, n=101). Data analyzed included clinical presentation, laboratory findings, the pediatric appendicitis score (PAS), and the modified Alvarado score (MAS). Results: The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in both groups (92.7% vs. 97.0%). Other presenting symptoms were as follows: fever (65.9%), vomiting (68.3%), right lower quadrant (RLQ) localization (24.4%), anorexia (14.6%), and diarrhea (7.3%) in Group 1, and RLQ localization (74.3%), vomiting (71.3%), anorexia (52.5%), fever (47.5%), and diarrhea (11.9%) in Group 2. Perforation and abscess occurred more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 (43.9% vs. 12.9%, p<0.001; 34.1% vs. 5.0%, p<0.001; respectively). PAS and MAS were lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 ($4.09{\pm}1.97$ vs. $6.91{\pm}1.61$, p=0.048; $4.65{\pm}1.79$ vs. $6.51{\pm}1.39$, p=0.012; respectively). Conclusion: In preschool children, appendicitis often presents with atypical features, more rapid progression, and higher incidence of complications. This age group is more likely to have lower PAS and MAS than those of school children.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-180
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether the effects of acupotomy therapy were beneficial for the treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: The number of patients (n = 80) were equally assigned into treatment group and control group. Treatment group was given acupotomy therapy twice a week, and control group was given acupuncture 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The beneficial effect and changes in score of the Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) for low back pain were observed. Results: Among 40 cases in the treatment group, there were 25 (62.5%) with an excellent effect, 13 (32.5%) with good effect, 1 (2.5%) with a medium effect and 1 (2.5%) with poor effect, with the total experiencing an excellent/good effect of 95.0%. Among 40 cases in the control group, there were 11 (27.5%) with an excellent effect, 17 (42.5%) with good effect, 10 (25.0%) with a medium effect, and 2 (5.0%) with poor effect, with an excellent/good rate of 70.0%. The result of the rank sum test showed Z = -4.923, p < 0.05 in the comparison, indicating a significantly better outcome following acupotomy compared with acupuncture. JOA scores increased in both groups after treatment (p < 0.05), which was more significant in the acupotomy treatment group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Acupotomy therapy has a beneficial effect on protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Background: The vasoconstrictive effect of epinephrine in local anesthetics affects the heart, which leads to hesitation among dentists in injecting local anesthetics into patients with cardiovascular disease. Due to its vasoconstrictive effects, the present study investigated the effects of vasopressin administration on cardiac function in rats. Methods: Experiment 1 aimed to determine the vasopressin concentration that could affect cardiac function. An arterial catheter was inserted into the male Wistar rats. Next, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 U/mL arginine vasopressin (AVP) (0.03V, 0.3V, and 3.0V) was injected into the tongue, and the blood pressure was measured. The control group received normal saline only. In Experiment 2, following anesthesia infiltration, a pressure-volume catheter was placed in the left ventricle. Baseline values of end-systolic elastance, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic pressure, stroke work, stroke volume, and end-systolic elastance were recorded. Next, normal saline and 3.0V AVP were injected into the tongue to measure their effect on hemodynamic and cardiac function. Results: After 3.0V administration, systolic blood pressures at 10 and 15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 10 min compared with those at baseline. The diastolic blood pressures at 5-15 min were higher than those of the control group; they increased at 5 and 10 min compared with those at baseline. The preload decreased at 5 and 10 min compared to that at baseline. However, the afterload increased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it increased at 10 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke volume decreased at 10 and 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Stroke work decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that of the control group; it decreased from 5 to 15 min compared with that at baseline. Conclusion: Our results showed that 3.0 U/mL concentration of vasopressin resulted in increased blood pressure, decreased stroke volume and stoke work, decreased preload and increased afterload, without any effect on myocardial contractility.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2002

In this study, to assess the diagnostic value for mastitis in dairy cows, change of acute phase proteins(haptoglobin and serum amyloid A) concentrations in milk and sera of dairy cows were measured. 50 dairy cows were used in this experiment and divided into two groups. The first group was the healthy dairy cow group whose milk contained less than 2.0${\times}$10$\^$5/ somatic cell counts(n=5). The second group was the mastitis-dairy cow group whose milk counted higher than 5.0${\times}$10$\^$5/ somatic cell counts(n=45). The concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and sera from these two groups were determined by Tridelta range haptoglobin kit and serum amyloid A kit. The concentration of haptoglobin in the milk from first group was undetectable value and that of the second group was 124.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. And the concentration of haptoglobin in serum of the first group was 32.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 214.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. The concentration of serum amyloid A in the milk from first group was 0.32$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 17.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. And the concentration of serum amyloid A in serum of the first group was 5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and that of the second group was 25.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. It was concluded that concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyoid A in milk and serum may be was to discriminate between normal and mastitic milks.