• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

In order to efficiently manage groundwater resources, it is necessary to establish clear definition about the rights to use groundwater because it directly governs the interests of various stakeholders, from users to policy makers. In this paper, we examined the characteristics of Korea's rights to use groundwater through legal precedents, public recognition, laws, and institutional stipulaton. Inclarity about the scope and definition of the right, and the absence of legal basis ruling the exclusion and duration of groundwater use have entailed numerous cases of legal disputes between the parties with incompetible interests. In the perception survey, various responses were obtained from the surveyee regarding the scope of rights perceived by groundwater users, how to respond to groundwater shortages, and opinions about expanding public uses of groundwater. In Korea, the legal authority to use groundwater is governed by different laws while considering groundwater as both private and public property. In foreign countires, the right to use water is separated from property ownership, and it limits the volume and pumping rate of groundwater during a specified period. In order to better manage groundwater resources, it is necessary to come up with a public consensus on the right to use groundwater by considering the opinions of various stakeholders and accomodating them in adminstrative effort in directing groundwater management.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.113-114
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• 2004

In order to classify the groundwater recharge characteristics in an urban area, a time series analysis of groundwater level data was performed. For this study, the daily groundwater level data from 35 monitoring wells were collected for 3 years (Fig. 1). The use of the cross-correlation function (CCF), one of the time series analysis, showed both the close relationship between rainfall and groundwater level change and the lag time (delay time) of groundwater level fluctuation after a rainfall event. Based on the result of CCF, monitored wells were classified into two major groups. Group I wells (n=10) showed a fast response of groundwater level change to rainfall event, with a delay time of maximum correlation between rainfall and groundwater level near 1 to 7 days. On the other hand, the delay time of 17-68 days was observed from Group II wells (n=25) (Fig. 1). The fast response in Group I wells is possibly caused by the change of hydraulic pressure of bedrock aquifer due to the rainfall recharge, rather than the direct response to rainfall recharge.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

Accurate assessment of agricultural groundwater usage is an essential task to cope with drought that occurs irregularly in time and location. In this study, the agricultural groundwater usage was calculated in nationwide public wells (1,386 bedrock wells) during 5-year period (2010-2014) by using electric power consumption and well specification data. National average of agricultural groundwater usage per each well was estimated as $66.2m^3/day$, corresponding to 21.6% of total permitted volume of groundwater in each well. Chungcheong Nam-do had the highest usage with 38-55.6%. The value increased to 58.1% when the total permitted volume was based upon the supply standard against drought, and the value reached 100% in Chungcheong Nam-do. In Ganghwa distirct that suffered from severe drought in recent years, the average groundwater usage was 61.4%. In 2014, when the drought was the most severe with 45% precipitation of the average annual rainfall, the nationwide usage was turned out to be 25.6%, indicating about 4% higher than average agricultural groundwater usage 21.6%. Therefore, the quantitative assessment of groundwater usage in this study signifies that adequate use of groundwater is crucial to cope with agricultural drought.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 갑천 유역의 물순환 분석 시스템 구축 및 효과적인 지하수 관리에 활용하기 위하여 지하수 이용량을 분석하고 그 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 지하수이용실태조사 자료를 토대로 관정개수와 이용량의 누적밀도에 의해 형성되는 관계를 분석하고, 유역을 대표할 수 있는 총 이용량 및 관정 개소수를 파악하였다. 추출된 관정의 이용량 세부정보들에 따라 이용량의 공간적 분포 특성을 파악하고, 유역별 함양량과 지하수 이용량을 비교함으로써 갑천 유역의 지하수자원 관리의 적정성을 평가하였다. 평가결과에 따르면, 약 25%의 관정이 전 지하수 이용량의 90%를 대표하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 대전 도심지 소유역의 지하수 이용량은 유역 유출 모형에서 평가된 해당 유역의 지하수 함양량보다 1.4배$\sim$11.1배 상회하고 있으며, 주요 하천 유역별로는 대전천 및 유등천이 갑천 유역의 함양량 대비 이용량 비율이 1.9배$\sim$2.3배 높아 이들 지역의 지하수 적정관리가 시급한 실정으로 평가되었다. 본 연구 결과들은 향후 갑천 유역의 지하수 이용량에 따른 지하수 유동 체계, 하천 유출량 그리고 물순환 변화에 대한 분석에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.779-785
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• 2010

To solve a problem of water supply on urban areas, groundwater recharge has to be assessed not only for evaluating the possibility of groundwater development but also for identifying a sustainable aquifer system for water resource development. The assessment of groundwater recharge has been challenged since the land use has been changed constantly. In this study, the groundwater recharge and its ratio were assessed from 1961 to 2007 in Su-yeong-gu, Busan, South Korea by analyzing precipitation, land use, and soil characteristics. For land use analysis, the urbanization change was considered. The land use areas for the residential, agricultural, forest, pasture, bare soil, and water in 1975 occupy 18.6 %, 30.0%, 48.8%, 0.1%, 2.0%, and 0.5% of total area, respectively. The land use ratios were sharply changed from 1980 to 1985; the agricultural area was decreased to 18.3%, and the residential area was increased to 15.0%. From 1995 to 2000, the agricultural area was decreased to 5.5%, and the residential area was increased to 5.4%. The annual averages of precipitation, groundwater recharge, and its ratio were 1509.3 mm, 216.0 mm, and 14.3% respectively. The largest amount of the groundwater recharge showed in 1970 as 408.9 mm, comparing to 2138.1 mm of annual rainfall. Also, the greatest ratio of the groundwater recharge was 19.8% in 1984 with 1492.6 mm of annual rainfall. The lowest amount and ratio of the groundwater recharge were 71.9 mm and 8.0% in 1988, relative to 901.5 mm of annual precipitation. As a result, it is concluded that rainfall has increased, whereas groundwater recharge has decreased between 1961 and 2007.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.472-472
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• 2004

Numerous studies on urban groundwater have been carried out in many other countries. Urban groundwater shows a unique hydrologic system because of complex urban characteristics such as road pavement, sewers and public water supply systems. These urban facilities may change the characteristics of groundwater recharge but contaminate its quality as well. There have been several researches on urban groundwater in Seoul. Seoul has been industrialized very rapidly so that the city has large population. The recent population in Seoul amounts to more than ten millions, corresponding to a very high density of about 17, 000 people/km$^2$. Therefore, many factors affect the groundwater quality and quantity in Seoul. Nowadays, groundwater in Seoul is being extracted for construction, industrial use, and drinking and so on. There are 15, 714 wells in Seoul and its annual usage is 41, 425, 977m$^3$(in 2001). Therefore, systematic studies are needed to properly manage and use the groundwater in Seoul. The purposes of this study in progress are to identify geochemical characteristics of groundwater in Seoul and to determine the extent of groundwater contamination and its relationship with urban characteristics. For this study, groundwater was sampled from more than 400 preexisting wells that were randomly selected throughout the Seoul area. For all samples, major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg For 200 samples among them, TCE, PCE, BTEX were also analyzed by GC. Our study shows that groundwater types of Seoul are distributed broadly from Ca-HCO$_3$ type to Ca-Cl＋NO$_3$ type. The latter type indicates anthropogenic contamination. Among cations, Ca is generally high in most samples. In some samples, Na and K are dominant. The dominant anions change widely from HCO$_3$ to Cl＋NO$_3$. The anion composition is considered to effectively indicate the contribution of distinct anthropogenic sources. In addition, major ions are positively proportional to total dissolved solid (TDS) except K and NO$_3$. Thus, we consider that TDS may be used as an effective indicator of the extent of pollution. However, the increase of TDS may result from increased water-rock interaction. To determine the extent of groundwater contamination, it is needed to figure out the baseline water quality in Seoul. Furthermore, detailed geochemical studies are required to find out pollution sources and their corresponding hydrochemical parameters.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

There is a need to analyze unconfined groundwater behavior since the demand of groundwater use has been increasing. While unconfined groundwater temperature is tend to be affected by air temperature, it is hard to find an empirical study in South Korea. In this research, we try to determine the relationship between daily average air temperature and daily average groundwater temperature by time-sequential analysis of groundwater monitoring wells in Galshin basin in Yesan-Gun, Chungcheongnam-Do. In addition, models to estimate groundwater temperature from air temperature were developed. In this research 101-day moving average method with measured air temperature is used to estimate groundwater temperature. To verify the developed model, estimated values of average groundwater temperature with 101 moving average are compared to the measured data from September 10 2007 to September 9 2008. And, Nash-Stucliff Efficiency and Coefficient of Determination were 0.970 and 0.976, therefore it was concluded that the model allowing groundwater temperature estimation from air temperature is with reasonable applicability.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

강수량의 변화가 지하수 함양특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 대상 유역의 최근 30년간(1980년~2010년) 기상개황 자료로 SWAT모형을 이용하여 대표 강우년별(최다, 평균, 최갈수년) 수문인자를 도출하였으며, Markov Chain모형을 이용하여 추정된 토지이용 자료를 SWAT모형에 적용하였으며, 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. SWAT모형을 이용하여 본 연구대상지역을 대표 3개 유역으로 구분하고, 1975~2010년까지의 기상자료에 년도별 토지이용 상태로 적용 분석한 결과, 적용 기간 평균 지하수 함양률은 30%로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 기존의 제주지역 지하수 함양량 분석연구에서 나타난 40-50%보다 훨씬 적은 값으로 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 투수성 다공질 지층이 제주지역의 지질특성을 고려하더라도 개발형태가 비투수성 포장형태이고, 개발된다면 육지지역과 같은 지하수함양특성과 비슷할 수밖에 없음을 알 수 있었으며, Markov-chain을 이용한 장래토지이용상태를 분석한 결과 장래의 토지이용은 2000년 현재에 비해 산림 3.4%감소, 농경지 0.2% 증가, 수계 1.0% 증가, 도심지 0.5%증가 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

This study investigated the hydrogeochemical and microbiological characteristics of freshwater on Ulleung Island, a volcanic island in the Ulleung Basin on the East Coast of Korea. The shallow groundwater (CSW, NRGW) and the surface water (SISW) samples are classified as Na-HCO₃ type, reflecting an alkaline rock type and an oxidizing environment due to the influence of a highly permeable pyroclastic rock layer. In contrast, the deep groundwater sample (DMW) is classified as Ca-HCO₃ type, suggesting the influence of deep-sourced carbon dioxide and reducing conditions. Microbial communities in the water samples are generally dominated by Proteobacteria, with the relative abundance of major genera varying depending on water quality and environmental conditions. Network analysis reveals the ecological characteristics of microbial communities adapted to specific environments. The presence of pathogenic genera in the shallow groundwater suggests potential groundwater contamination, necessitating appropriate management to ensure its use as drinking water or domestic water. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the ecological characteristics of Ulleung Island's groundwater resources and can inform future groundwater management strategies.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.35-37
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• 2001

This study has investigated the chemical characteristics and the contamination of groundwater in relation to land use in Daejeon Metropolitan City. An attempt was made to distinguish anthrophogenic inputs from the influence of natural chemical weathering on the chemical composition of groundwater at Taejon. Groundwater samples collected at 170 locations in the Taejon area show very variable chemical composition of groundwater, e.9. electrical conductance ranges from 65 to 1,290 S/cm. Most groundwater is weakly acidic and the groundwater chemistry is more influenced by land use and urbanization than by aquifer rock type. Most of groundwater from green areas and new town residential districts has low electrical conductance, and is of Ca-HC $O_3$ type, whereas the chemical composition of groundwater from the old downtown and industrial district is shifted towards a Ca-Cl (N $O_3$+S $O_4$) type with high electrical conductance. A number of groundwater samples in the urbanized area are contaminated by high nitrate and chlorine, and exhibit high hardness. The Ep$CO_2$, that is the $CO_2$ content of a water sample relative to pure water, was computed to obtain more insight into the origin of $CO_2$ and bicarbonate in the groundwater. Factor analysis of the chemical data shows that the HC $O_3$ and N $O_3$ concentrations have the highest factor loadings on factor 1 and factor 2, respectively. Factors 1 and 2 represent major contributions from natural processes and human activities, respectively. The results of the factor analysis indicate that the levels of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, N $a^{+}$, Cl and SO4$^2$ derive from both pollution sources and natural weathering reactions.ons.