• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ground reinforcement

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A Case Study on the Cause and Reinforcement of Railroad Facilities Settlement According to the Ground Excavation (지반굴착에 따른 철도시설물의 침하 원인 및 보강 사례연구)

  • Oh, Beyung-Sam
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2012
  • Recent development trend of construction projects in the urban area is the efficient use of insufficient land, however caused to difficult construction conditions because of many adjacent structures. This paper presents the case study that analyzed the ground settlement of railroad structure for the double track railway project of Gyeongui line, adjacent to the high rise building under ground excavating for substructure work, considering interaction of soft ground characteristics. Field survey and measurement works were carried out during construction of station and excavation of high rise building, and field data were analyzed to find the source of settlement of platform and railway. In addition, the soil reinforcement and foundation restoration were performed using in-situ injection method, i.e., D-ROG(Digitalized Restoring On Grout) method which filled the pore of bottom and around of foundation with micro-cement.

Ground investigation using Complex Resistivity Method (복소전기비저항법을 이용한 지반조사)

  • Son, Jeong-Sul;Kim, Jung-Ho;Park, Sam-Gyu
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.10a
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2008
  • Due to the recent development of instruments which enabled the measurements of subtle IP effect in the ground and analysis algorithms, complex resistivity (CR) method was expanding its application to various field. In this study, we applied the CR method to the test site where the ground reinforcement had been done by injecting the cement mortar for investigating the effect of ground reinforcement. For this site, resistivity monitoring and tomography survey was carried out while the ground reinforcement had been made by the grouting. From the result, the anomalous region that was shown on the result of resistivity 4D monitoring was coincident with those of phase section in the CR method, because the cement grouting material had the strong IP effects. It might be expected that the CR method should be very powerful surveying tool for the similar purpose.

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A Study on the Effect of Underground Openings on the Stability of Surface Structures Using Scaled Model Tests (지하 채굴적이 지표 구조물의 안정성에 미치는 영향에 관한 모형실험 연구)

  • 김종우;전석원;서영호
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2004
  • In this study, scaled-model tests were performed to investigate the effect of underground openings on the stability of surface structure around the abandoned coal mine areas. Four types of test models which had respectively different depths of openings and different ground reinforcement conditions were introduced, where the modelling materials were the mixture of sand, plaster and water. The model with deep openings were turned out more stable to the structure than the model with shallow ones, because the crack-initiating pressure of the former was 2.5 times as much as that of the latter. The models with ground reinforcement were also fumed out more stable than the model without reinforcement, because the crack-initiating pressure of the former was 2.4 times as much as that of the latter. Subsidence profiles were analysed to find the characteristics of slope and curvature, and the model with large reinforcement were turned out the most stable.

Seismic Retrofit of High-Rise Building with Deformation-Dependent Oil Dampers against Long-Period Ground Motions

  • Aono, Hideshi;Hosozawa, Osamu;Shinozaki, Yozo;Kimura, Yuichi
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.177-186
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    • 2016
  • Along the subduction-zone of the western Japanese islands, large earthquakes are expected occur around the middle of this century, and long-period ground motions will reach major urban areas, shaking high-rise buildings violently. Since some old high-rise buildings were designed without considering long-period ground motions, reinforcing such buildings is an important issue. An effective method to reinforce existing high-rise buildings is installing additional dampers. However, a problem with ordinary dampers is that they require reinforcement of surrounding columns and girders to support large reaction forces generated during earthquake ground motion. To solve this problem, a deformation-dependent oil damper was developed. The most attractive feature of this damper is to reduce the damping force at the moment when the frame deformation comes close to its maximum value. Due to this feature, the reinforcement of columns, girders, and foundations are no longer required. The authors applied seismic retrofitting with a deformation-dependent oil damper to an existing 54-story office building (Shinjuku Center Building) located in Shinjuku ward, Tokyo, in 2009 to suppress vibration under the long period earthquake ground motions. The seismic responses were observed in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, and it is clarified that the damping ratio was higher and the response lower by 20% as compared to the building without dampers.

A Study on the Reinforcement Effect of Low Flow Mortal Injection Method Using Field Test (현장시험을 이용한 저유동성 몰탈주입공법의 보강효과에 관한 연구)

  • Junyeong Jang;Gwangnam Lee;Daehyeon Kim
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.599-609
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    • 2023
  • In the seismic retrofitting of harbor breakwaters in Korea, the recovery rate is often uncertain due to site conditions and site conditions, and problems continue to arise. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the recovery rate and compressive strength of the improved material through drilling survey by grouting confirmation method after applying low-fluidity mortar injection method, and furthermore, we checked the elastic modulus by downhole test and tomography to confirm the reinforcement effect of soft ground after ground improvement. The experimental results showed that the average shear wave velocity of the ground increased from 229 m/s to 288 m/s in BH-1 and BH-3 boreholes to a depth of 28.0 m, and the average shear wave velocity of the ground to a depth of 30.0 m tended to increase from 224 m/s to 282 m/s in the downhole test. This is believed to be a result of the increased stiffness of the ground after reinforcement. The results of the tomographic survey showed that the Vs of the soft ground of the sample at Site 1 increased from 113 m/s to 214 m/s, and the Vs of the sample at Site 2 increased from 120 m/s to 224 m/s. This shows that the stiffness of the ground after seismic reinforcement is reinforced with hard soil, as the Vs value satisfies 180 m/s to 360 m/s in the classification of rock quality according to shear wave velocity.

Reinforcement of Building Foundation by the Low Slump Mortar Grout (저유동성 몰탈형 주입재에 의한 건물기초보강)

  • 천병식;고용일;권형석
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 2000
  • In generally, grouting consists of injecting a suspension or solution into the voids of soils. The low slump mortar grout has been used in America since 1950's. The Compaction Grouting, the injection of a very stiff under relatively high pressure, form a cylinderical grout support pile. The grout generally does not enter soil pores but remains in homogeneous mass that gives controlled displacement either to compact loose soils, or for lifting of structures, or both. In this paper, on the case of the reinforcement construction of 00 plant that the foundation's bearing capacity is insufficient and is to reinforce the foundation, a study has been peformed to analyze the effectiveness of the ground improvement. The bearing capacity of the Compaction Pile has been verified by the S.P.T and the settlement of the improved ground has been monitored rising the magnetic extensometer.

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Effect of the Settlement Reduction to each Geosynthetic Reinforced Pile Supported Embankments Design Condition (토목섬유보강 성토지지말뚝의 설계조건별 침하억제 효과)

  • Lee, Il-Wha;Lee, Sung-Jin;Lee, Su-Hyung;Moon, In-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.1519-1524
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    • 2009
  • Construction of high-speed concrete track embankments over soft ground needs many of the ground improvement techniques. Drains, surcharge loading, and geosynthetic reinforcement, have all been used to solve the settlement and embankment stability issues associated with construction on soft soils. However, when time constraints are critical to the success of the project, another measures should be considered. Especially, since the design criteria of residual settlement is limited as 30mm for concrete track embankment, it is very difficult to satisfy this allowable settlement by using the former construction method. Pile net method consist of vertical columns that are designed to transfer the load of the embankment through the soft compressible soil layer to a firm foundation and one or more layers of geosynthetic reinforcement placed between the top of the columns and the bottom of the embankment. In this paper, three cases with different embankment height and number of geosynthetic reinforcement, were studied through FEM analysis for efficient use of pile net method.

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Measurement of Soft Ground Foundation and Rock Slope Behavior Using Spiral Bolt Strain Gauge (스파이럴 볼트 변형률계를 이용한 연약지반기초 및 암반사면 거동 계측)

  • Kang, Seong-Seung;Hirata, Atsuo;Jeong, Seong-Hoi;Lee, Woo-Ram;Je, Dong-Kwang;Kim, Dae-Hyeon
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2010
  • This study is to consider applicability of spiral bolt strain gauge as an instrument measuring behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope. When the instrument was installed on the ground, it can be useful to identify the state of ground behavior because it has the characteristics of flexibility, as well as to apply the ground reinforcement because it has higher pull-out resistance to the ground. From the measurement of behavior to soft ground foundation, the strain shows a stable state in the beginning, then was observed significant change in the upper and the middle of spiral bolt strain gauge after 400 days. This is analyzed that ground loosening, which is due to occurred frequent earthquake of magnitude 1~2 with increased rainfall, lead to the instability of the ground. From the measurement of behavior to rock slope, the strain shows a stable state with very little change in a period of 0~50 days and the biggest strain at 4.2 m (P6) in a period of 50~100 days, then other places except P6 was maintained at a stable state in a period of 100~160 days. The reason is analyzed because that blasting for excavated limestone surrounding was affected to the largest at P6. However, based on the size of strain change by behavior of the soft ground foundation and rock slope, it is considered that the present condition are not effected on stability of retaining structure and rock slope. In conclusion, the proposed spiral bolt strain gauge can be useful to measure behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope, and also to be measured behavior as well as reinforcement of the target ground.

Instrumentations for the Behaviour Observation of the Geotextile on Marine Clayey Grounds (해성점토지반에 설치된 지오텍스타일의 거동 관측을 위한 계측)

  • 조성민;장용채
    • Journal of Korean Port Research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.463-473
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    • 2000
  • Reinforcement with geotextiles have been used in the foundation soil to enhance the resistance of embankments to avoid failure through excessive deformation or shear in the foundation. It is improtant to know the amount of the strain and the displacement of buried geotextiles for the verification of the reinforcement behaviour. Full scale trial constructions were performed to check the deformational characteristics of the polyester(PET) mat which was used for the embankment reinforcement. Many instrumentation equipments including surface settlement plates, profile gauges and inclinometer casings were installed to observe the behaviour of the soft ground due to the soil embankment. 60 electrical resistance strain gauges and 9 vibrating wire LVDTs were installed 세 measure the deformation of the polyester mat. Results of various tests and geotextile, waterproofing and protection from the hazard environments were introduced. The proposed instrumentation method was effective for the monitoring or the geotextile behaviour. The direct attachment of electrical resistance strain gauges on the gertextile mat was able to measure small changes of the strain of geotextiles. At the end of the 5 month monitoring, 54 of 60 (93%) strain gauges and 7 of 9 (78%) displacement transducers survived all perils of the compaction impacts and the humidity. And the tensile strain of grotextiles increased as the ground displacement became larger. Though the observed strain of mats under the 3m high embankment load was less than 1%, the magnitudes of the strain according to the mat spreading method were different from each other.

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Pillar stability in very near-twin tunnels (초근접 병설터널의 필라 안정성 확보)

  • Kim, Donggyou;Koh, Sungyil;Lee, Jeongyong;Lee, Chulhee
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.699-714
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    • 2022
  • The objective of this study is to suggest a safe and economical pillar reinforcement method when very near-twin tunnels with a minimum interval of 1 m passes through a soft zone such as weathered soil or weathered rock. A standard cross-sectional view of a two-lane road tunnel was applied to suggest a pillar reinforcement method for the very near-twin tunnels. The thickness of the pillar was 1 m. The ground condition around the tunnel was weathered soil or weathered rock. There were four reinforcement methods for pillar stability evaluation. These were rock bolt reinforcement, pre-stressed steel strand reinforcement, horizontal steel pipe grouting reinforcement, horizontal steel pipe grouting + prestressed steel strand reinforcement. When the ground condition was weathered soil, only the pillar reinforced the horizontal steel pipe grouting + prestressed steel strand did not failed. When the ground condition was weathered rock, there were no failure of the pillar reinforced the horizontal steel pipe grouting or the horizontal steel pipe grouting + prestressed steel strand. It is considered that the horizontal steel pipe grouting reinforcement played a role in increasing the stability of the upper part of the pillar by supporting the upper load applied to the upper part of the pillar.