• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the important activities of daily living (ADL) and each of its parameters is used frequently. This study aimed to examine the influence of different seat height on performance time and floor reaction force strength during an STS movement. Methods : Fifteen young-adult male subjects participated in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups based on lower leg length. Subjects performed an STS movement twice from chairs at height adjusted by the lower leg length of each subject. To examine the influence of the chair seat height, ground reaction forces during a STS performed with 3 chair heights adjusted to each subjects lower leg length were compared. Results : Vertical ground reaction force and time during an STS movement were measured to evaluate. Parameters regarding ground reaction force were selected for analyses. Significant differences were found in ground reaction force at G1 was greater than G2 and G3. Conclusion : The STS movement achievement strategy differed since chair seat height changes relatively by the difference in lower leg length. When conducting the ability to achieve STS movement rating test, chair seat height considering each subject's lower leg length may be needed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.698-705
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• 2004

Application of structural load on soft ground can cause lateral movement as well as ground break due to pressing and shearing of ground. Especially, abutment supported by pile foundation can make pile deformed due to lateral movement of ground in order to have harmful effect on structure. According to the result of this study, it is required to consider disturbance of weak soil layer when using lateral movement countermeasure method by EPS construction method as a result of performing study on safety review and EPS construction method with respect to this based on site where lateral movement occurs due to backside soil filling load at bridge abutment installed on weak ground, and it is required to sufficiently consider soil reduction during design of EPS construction method due to lateral movement deformation of soft clay layer by losing ground horizontal resistance force due to plasticity of ground around pile as well as combination part damage with pile head and expansion foundation.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

In case of an urban tunnel, the displacement of ground base controls the tunnel design because it is built on shallow and unconsolidated ground many times. There are more insufficiency to describe the ground movement which coincides in the measured result of the situ because the design of an urban tunnel is dependent on the method of numerical analysis used to the existing elastic and elasto-plastic models. We studied about the prediction for the ground movement of a shallow tunnel in unconsolidated ground, mechanism of collapse, and settlement. Also this paper shows comparison with the existing elastic and elasto-plastic model using the unlinear analysis of the strain-softening model. We can model the real ground movement as the increasement of ground surface inclination or occurrence of shear band by using strain-softening model for the result of ground movement of an urban NATM tunnel.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1094-1101
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• 2005

The stability of embankment on the soft ground has included problems on stabilities of embanked body and soft soil, which related with vertical displacement and lateral movement of the soft ground especially. The judge methods for the potentialities of lateral movement have been used in order to stabilization assessment during and after construction of the embankment. In this study, the judge methods on the improved soft ground suggested, which compared with exist judge methods on lateral movement. It is due to recent trend using embanked structures on the soft ground most of improved.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제30권B호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

In this paper stability about lateral soil movement of bridge abutment constructed on the soft ground, reinforced with the sand compaction pile (SCP) and the preconsolidaton methods, was evaluated by using the centrifuge testing facility which stress conditions in field could be reconstructed in the laboratory. The layouts of model such as ground condition, sand compaction piles and abutment was determined on the basis of similitude law with the reduced scale of 1/200. Construction sequences of installing SCP, preparing reclaimed ground, preconsolidating ground and building the piled bridge abutment were reconstructed during centrifuge modelling and measurements of movement were followed in each sequence. From analyzing the results of measuring movements of the model abutment and the ground, measured lateral movement of model abutment was found to be within the allowable value so that stability of abutment against lateral sliding was secured.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

G. B. LEE, A. S. GWON, The Research for Using methodof GRF (Ground Reaction Force) on Rotational Movement in Arabesque. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.1-10, 2005. As, in relation to all movements of a human being, the movements such as mutually walking, running, rotating, and jumping are attained endlessly through the ground amid the interaction with the ground, in terms of the harmonious movement of the upper limbs and the lower limbs, related to the basic movement in ballet, the type of a movement depends on the size and direction of the force that presses down the ground (Fz, Fx, Fy) amid the interaction with the ground. Therefore, aiming to correctly and efficiently perform a rotational movement in Arabesque, this study analyzed factors of the force manifestation through GRF (Ground Reaction Force), by dividing into preparing, stepping, standing, rotating, and finishing stages (events (1) ${\sim}$ (5)), targeting the subjects of 4 elite female students who majored in ballet. 1. At the No.5 position of the preparing stage, It is necessary that support the ground with left and right foot balance, 2. As the stepping stage is the phase ranging from the event (2), in which a plie movement of bending a knee is started, to the event (3) of stretching a knee, Rebunding motion is not good, and One have a position with ankle and knee flextion condition in order to stretch strengthly in event (3) position 3. At the event (1) position, It is necessary that exert the Fz reaction force at the event (3) position. Because large stretch force help to have a toe on position easily and show a active motion 4. In order to have a stand and rotation motion smoothly, One need a muscle strength training for ankle extension, knee extension, control horizental force

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2002

We must notice ground movement by excavation for reasonable tunnel designs. The convergence confinement method is an attempt to evaluate tunnel stability conditions by means of a mathematical model and a ground response curve. In this study, the convergence confinement method by numerical model was examined. This method don't need the basic assumptions for a mathematical model of circular tunnel shape, and hydrostatic in situ stress. Also modified ground response curve that is calculated after installing the support, is suggested, which informs us the ground movement mechanism. The ground response curve and the support reaction curve are mutually dependent. Especially the support reaction curve depends upon the ground response curve. The mechanism of tunnel must be analyzed by the interaction between support and ground. Consequently the stability of tunnel must be qualitatively investigated by a ground response curve and quantitatively adjudged by a numerical analysis for the reasonable design of tunnel.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2005

도심지에서의 지반굴착은 배면지반의 변위와 그에 따르는 건물의 손상을 유발시킨다. 굴착에 의한 지반변위의 예측과 굴착면 주변에 위치한 건물의 손상 위험도 평가는 설계단계에서 필수적인 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 굴착에 의한 지반변위 예측기법인 Peck의 방법과 Bowles의 방법을 조합하여 지보굴착에 따르는 배면지반 변위예측방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 배면지반의 Green-field 뒤틈각과 수평변형률을 이용한 인접건물 손상위험도 평가기법을 제안하였다. 이 기법은 싱가폴에서 시공중인 대규모 지반굴착공사의 설계에 성공적으로 적용되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of both various shoe types and bare feet on ground reaction force while walking. Ten first-year female university students were selected. A force platform(Kistler, Germany) was used to measure ground reaction force. Six types of shoe were tested: flip flops, canvas shoes, running shoes, elevated forefoot walking shoes, elevated midfoot walking shoes, and five-toed shoes. The control group was barefooted. Only vertical passive/active ground reaction force variables were analyzed. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS 9.1.2 package, specifically ANOVA, and Tukey for the post hoc. The five-toed shoe had the highest maximum passive force value; while the running shoe had the lowest. The first active loading rate for running shoes was the highest; meanwhile, bare feet, the five-toed shoe, and the elevated fore foot walking shoe was the lowest. Although barefoot movement or movement in five toed shoes increases impact, it also allows for full movement of the foot. This in turn allows the foot arch to work properly, fully flexing along three arches(transverse, lateral, medial), facilitating braking force and initiating forward movement as the tendons, ligaments, and muscles of the arch flex back into shape. In contrast movement in padded shoes have a tendency to pound their feet into the ground. This pounding action can result in greater foot instability, which would account for the higher loading rates for the first active peak for padded shoes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.111-124
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• 1999

중요구조물에 인접하여 지하굴착을 수행할 경우에 지반변형을 정확히 예측하여 피해를 최소화하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 대규모의 지하수조에 인접하여 연약점성토 내에서 굴착이 수행될 때, 지반거동을 예측하기 위하여 지반조사와 실내토질실험과 함께 유한요소해석이 실시되었다. 이러한 예측과 현장계측을 통하여 흙막이벽체와 인접구조물의 거동 및 안정성이 검토되었다 지반변형에 대한 계측 및 예측결과의 비교에서 굴착공정 및 지하수위 강하를 해석시에 고려하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 보여주었다. 향후 더 좋은 예측을 위해서는 해석방법의 개선이 요구되었다.