• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1996

In order to investigate the relation between the environmental properties and the catch fluctuation of set net fishing grounds located in the coastal waters of Yosu, oceanographic observations on the fishing grounds were carried out by the training ship ofYosu Fisheries University from January, 1990 to September, 1992, and the data obtained were compared with the catch data from the joint market ofYosu fisheries cooperative society from 1984 to 1993. The resuItes obtained are summerized as follows : 1. The ranges of water temperature and salinity in the fishing ground was 7.0 to $27^{\circ}C.$and 26.6 to 33.2${\textperthousand}$, and water temperature increased from March to August and decreased from September to February of following year. 2. The salinity in the fishing grounds was relatively high without significant changes from November to June of the following year. From July, however, the salinity decreased to continue a low value till September and then increased. The salinity in the fishing ground was dominated mainly by the precipitation and its variation was large at the north entrance of set net fishing ground, influenced greatly by the land waters from the river of Somjin, but small in the offshore of the fishing grounds. 3. The fishes caught by the set nets were arranged in order of catch as follows; Spanish mackerel> Horse mackerel > Sardine > Anchovy > Hair tail. The catches of Anchovy and Sardine were high in April to May and those of Hair tail in June to July, but Spanish mackerel and Horse mackerel were caught for whole period of fishing. Spanish mackerel was caught most in September and least in April and their means were largest in August and smallest in June. 4. The ranges of optimum water temperature for fishing by the set nets was 13.5 to $25^{\circ}C.$, and in the ranges the catches increased with increasing temperature. The ranges of optimum salinity for fishing varied between 25.0 and 32.0${\textperthousand}$.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.434-440
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• 2007

The Effluent ground water overflows in deep and broad ground space building. Temperature of effluent ground water is in 12$\sim$18$^{\circ}C$ annually and the quality of that water is as good as living water. Therefore if the flow rate of effluent ground water is sufficient as source of heat pump, that is good heat source and heat sink of heat pump. Effuent ground water contain the thermal energy of surrounding ground. So this is a new application of ground source heat pump. In this study open type and close type heat pump system using effluent ground water was installed and tested for a church building with large and deep ground space. The effluent flow rate of this building is 800$\sim$1000 ton/day. The heat pump capacity is 5RT each. The heat pump system heating COP was 3.0$\sim$3.3 for the open type and 3.3$\sim$3.8 for the close type system. The heat pump system cooling COP is 3.2$\sim$4.5 for the open type and 3.8$\sim$4.2 for close type system. This performance is up to that of BHE type ground source heat pump.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2015

To investigate the thermal environment over the summertime asphalt pavements, an automatic weather observation system was installed at a parking lot paved with asphalt to observe various meteorological parameters and surface temperature from July 1 to September 30, 2014. Since the number of rainy days in summer of 2014 particularly after the mid July is more than that of average data, a ratio of daily peak surface temperature above $45^{\circ}C$ was 28% which was lower than the average. The observational data about hourly average surface temperature and various heat balance factors at days where daily peak surface temperature is above $45^{\circ}C$ are as follows: An hour that had the daily maximum temperature was around 15 pm and the value was $49^{\circ}C$ approximately. Net shortwave radiation was the highest at 12pm as $800W/m^2$ and much radiation of $500W/m^2$ was absorbed at the ground between 11am and 17pm. Sensible heat that was delivered from the ground to the atmosphere was evaluated as $200W/m^2$ between 10am and 19pm. underground transfer heat up to $100W/m^2$ was measured as negative from 19pm to the next day 8am, which indicated the lower atmosphere was heated at night.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2010

This paper is a part of developing a program that predicts the surface temperature and the IR images of ground objects by considering solar irradiation and atmospheric convection. The thermal modeling is essential for identifying objects on the scenes obtained from the remote sensing. And the temperature distribution on the objects is necessary to obtain their infrared images in contrast to the background. We considered the composite heat transfer modes including conduction, convection and spectral solar radiation incident on the objects within a scene to calculate the surface temperature distribution. The surface temperatures obtained by using the S/W developed in this study(Silhouette) and a commercial S/W(SE-Workbench-IR) are computed and compared each other. Results obtained by using the S/W developed in this study(Silhouette) show fairly good agreement with those obtained by the SE-Workbench-IR.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.669-674
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• 1996

The theory of quantum mechanics states that for any system there are a set of discrete physical states, quantum states, which corresponds a particular energy level of the system. The lowest energy the system can have, corresponding to its ground state, is not necessarily zero, but depends only on the precise microscopic nature of the system under consideration. At the absolute zero of temperature all systems will be in their lowest energy state (zero point energy) and as the system is warmed from OK, the higher energy states become occupied. The probability of occupancy of the excited states relative to that of the ground state is proportional to the absolute temperature. Therefore we can obtain nuclear dipole and quadrupole moment very accurately at ultra low temperature (<15mk) by NMR and from the destruction of anisotropy. The former is called LTNO/NMR and the latter is called LTNO (Low Temperature Nuclear Orientation). In this paper we discuss and introduce only an experimental apparatus with results of cooling power test, a helium dilution refrigerator, which can reache 8mK, and an actual technique for the experiment, a theory and results will be presented in another papers.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.376-382
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• 2011

Since the Industrial Revolution has caused global change by using of a fossil fuel, a reckless and growth-oriented development. A global mean temperature since 19th century has climbed up 0.4~$0.8^{\circ}C$. Our country, afterwards, global warming has increased the temperature every season. After The Kyoto Protocol regarding a greenhouse gas reduction goal took effect, be situations that decrease of greenhouse gas was acutely required. Therefore, interest of utilization of the new & renewable energy is increasing everyday. In advanced research, we shows that at first divided a country to nine range by natural geography, and second executed Meteorological data analysis of recent 30 years considering level of significance by nine range. The results of advanced research are that the similarities are low because there are the regions that temperature deviation of the similar climate regions is large in winter season, and there are not characteristics of clear discrimination of temperature. This study shows that at first divided a country to six range by temperature range, and second executed Meteorological data analysis of recent 30 years considering level of significance by six range. The results of this study are that in heating load calculation of building, periodic temperature data management is required because facility capacity and cost are affected greatly by outdoor temperature, and temperature by climate range needs consideration of pertinent area. Ground temperature was assumed of the weather in region, the ground and soil. Lastly, we were able to know that establishment of climate region by temperature range can be useful policy making and plans of design of the horticultural facilities and architectures.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1599-1610
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• 2013

In order to verify the healing effect in the variety of effects according to fountain type, anion which is the representatives factor of healing, as the center of case studies which in Gwanghwamun(Ground fountain), Cheonggyecheon(Waterfall) and Myeongdong(Formative fountain). According to fountain type, the anion distribution as follow, figures typically$ 15,721{\pm}419ea/cm^3$, Formative fountain $40,190{\pm}788ea/cm^3$, Waterfall $4.480{\pm}290ea/cm^3$ and ground fountain $2.492{\pm}180ea/cm^3$. It is usually exceed to the distribution in natural green, which is $1070{\sim}2100ea/cm^3$. The interrelation between air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and relative humidity, and wind speed is that, the relative humidity is directly proportional to wind speed and inversely proportional to temperature. As the temperature goes up, the distribution of anion goes down. And as the wind speed and relative humidity goes up, the distribution of anion decrease sharply. The result of interrelation between fountain type and the anion distribution is that, the distance of water falling is directly proportional to the anion distribution in the formative fountain and inversely proportional in the ground fountain. And the distribution of anion is largest in formative fountain. The distribution of anion in ground fountain is lower than in formative fountain, but it is far more than in natural greenery. And as the distance from fountain increase, the distribution of anion goes down.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2016

A ground source heat pump system maintains a constant efficiency due to its stable heat source and radiant heat temperature which provide a more effective thermal performance than that of the air source heat pump system. As an eco-friendly renewable energy source, it can reduce electric power and carbon dioxide. In this study, we analyzed one year of data from a web based remote monitoring system to estimate the thermal performance of GSHP with the capacity of 3RT, which is installed in a low energy house located in Daejeon, Korea. This GSHP system is a hybrid system connected to a solar hot water system. Cold and hot water stored in a buffer tank is supplied to six ceiling cassette type fan coil units and a floor panel heating system installed in each room. The results are as follows. First, the GSHP system was operated for ten minutes intermittently in summer in order to decrease the heat load caused by super-insulation. Second, the energy consumption in winter where the system was operated throughout the entire day was 7.5 times higher than that in summer. Moreover, the annual COP of the heating and cooling system was 4.1 in summer and 4.2 in winter, showing little difference. Third, the outlet temperature of the ground heat exchanger in winter decreased from $13^{\circ}C$ in November to $9^{\circ}C$ in February, while that in summer increased from $14^{\circ}C$ to $17^{\circ}C$ showing that the temperature change in winter is greater than that in summer.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.556-572
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• 2015

This paper presents the applications of spatial interpolation and assimilation methods for satellite and ground meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation in regions of Vietnam. In this work, Universal Kriging is used for spatially interpolating ground data and its interpolated results are assimilated with corresponding satellite data to anticipate better gridded data. The input meteorological data was collected from 98 ground weather stations located all over Vietnam; whereas, the satellite data consists of the MODIS Atmospheric Profiles product (MOD07), the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER DEM), and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in six years. The outputs are gridded fields of temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation. The empirical results were evaluated by using the Root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean percent error (MPE), which illustrate that Universal Kriging interpolation obtains higher accuracy than other forms of Kriging; whereas, the assimilation for precipitation gradually reduces RMSE and significantly MPE. It also reveals that the accuracy of temperature and humidity when employing assimilation that is not significantly improved because of low MODIS retrieval due to cloud contamination.