• 기술발표회
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• 통권2006호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2006

The single drilled shaft foundation has been used in the other countries, but has not used in South Korea at all This foundation is very effective and economic method in South Korea which is easy to meet a good rock mass within 50m depth from the ground We have many experiences to construct 1.52 5m drilled shaft foundations and ability to construct 30m drilled shaft foundation without special efforts The soil behavior is nonlinear, but it can be proposed in linear in practical purpose on bridges. The elastic modulus of soil can be rationally obtained by the method of Road Bridge Design Manual in South Korea using the Schmertmann(1970)'s proposal, and the elastic modulus of rock can be obtained by the field test. In seismic design the column and drilled shaft must be restricted to the elastic design because the behavior of this foundation is flexible and the arrangement of the rebars makes the various defect In this paper the design criteria is compared with FHWA design criteria, and the design criteria is proposed in consistent with Road Bridge Design Manual in South Korea. The single drilled shaft foundation of a test bridge was constructed in the Iksan-Jangsoo highway, and we checked its stability, workability and economy

• 기술발표회
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• 통권2006호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

Top-Down Construction Method has been considered as the steadiest and the most reasonable method of construction since 1984 when it was applied to LG Da-Dong building and its usage in the field construction has since grown rapidly. With increased cases, engineers not only pursue their studies of R & D continuously but also develop various technical methods based on Top-Down Construction in an era of rapid technological change to adopt them to the field construction. Top-Down Construction meets the needs of these challenging points, such as reduction and eliminates of temporary equipment for supporting permanent structures on the ground, improved method of construction, shortening construction periods, cost reduction, and allows for minimal environmental impact.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권27호
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• pp.103-128
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• 2006

Rock properties of the five storied stone pagoda in the Mooryangsa temple are consist mainly in medium grained biotite granite with partly pegmatite veinlet. A part of the foundation stone is substituted in identical rock properties of the pagoda. The upper part of the pagoda is used purples and stone, gray shale and granodiorite. The most serious problem of the pagoda is structual instability from centered subsidence of the ground in northwestern direction remarkably. In southern view, the upper part of the pagoda also is slanted a little in right, it will need reinforcement by engineering method for structual stability of the stone pagoda. Weathering states of the stone pagoda are affected results of natural and artifical factors due to the surface-exfoliation, fine-fissure, crack, falling offs. On the rock surface of the pagoda, ferro-manganese hydroxide compounds are coated along the rainpathway. Also, bryophyte range concentration spreads raindrops face of roof rock properties, which areadd biological weathering effects. For the synthetic evaluation of the deterioration state, we make detailed surface weathering maps, it will be contribute to investigation for future conservation schemes.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

The pipe framed and arch shape plastic greenhouse, which is the most popular greenhouse in Korea, is relatively weak in snowdrift. Reinforcement of rigid frame or column is required to reduce the damage from heavy snow in this type. But additional rigid frames or columns decrease light transmissivity or workability, and increase construction cost. So it is desirable to prepare some temporary poles and to install them when the warning of heavy snow is announced. This study was carried out to develop the temporary pole supporting system using galvanized steel pipes for plastic housing and to evaluate the safe snow load on a temporary pole. A pipe connector, which is inserted in the top of pipe used in the temporary pole and supports the center purline, was designed and manufactured to be able to carry the upper loads safely. And a bearing plate was safely designed and manufactured in order to carry the loads acting on it to the ground. When temporary poles of ${\phi}$ 25 pipe are installed at 2.4m interval, it shows that the single span plastic greenhouses with 5~7 m width are able to support the additional snow depth of 13.9~25.3 cm beyond the snow load supported by main frame.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1987

This study was to investigate the effects of soil-structure relative stiffness on the structural characteristics of the cylindrical tank supported by soil. A standard example model of the farm silo rested on the Winkler's subsoil model was used for the analysis of soil-structure coupled system. In this paper, Winkler's constants 4,15 and l00kg/cm$^2$/cm were considered and the bottom plate thicknesses of the farm silo 20, 30, 50,100 and 150cm were adopted. For the given model the effects of bottom plate thickness were the most conspicuous at weakest Winkler's constant 4kg/ cm$^2$/cm. While when Winkler's constant is l00kg/cm$^2$/cm, the effect of the bottom plate thickness is almost negligible. On the other hand, when the bottom plate thickness is more than 100cm, the effects of elastic foundation were aknost disappeared. In design practice, it is hoped that the thicknesses of bottom plate should be determined reasonably because of it's considerable effect on the structural characteristics as the lOOcm thickness of bottom plate will not be practical value in usual sites.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.3611-3616
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• 1974

Alluvial plain of the coast of Kum river tail were found as being mostly consisted of weak foundation. The settlement of the ground, density and change of moisture content which were formed by the load due the construction of earth works were disclossed by the field investigations and laboratory tests. The results are as follow, 1) Banking materials are SM and soft soil stratum is CL. 2) Field moisture content; Wf=19-1.37c c; percentage of clay (less than 0.005mm) 3) optimum water content and maximum density of banking materials; rt=2.15$\mid$0.0165W(12%24%) 4) Density and moisture coutent of banking materials; rt=2.146-0.0095W (8%50%) 5) Density and moisture content of weak foundation; rt=2.06-0. 007W After construction (20%50%) Befor construction (40%60%) 6) Load and settlement of weak foundation; Everage settlement ratio; 12% of actual load p Maximum settlement ratio; 19% of actual load p Minimum settlement ratio: 5% of actual load p 7) Relation of cohesion and unconfined compression test value; c=1/2qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) c=1/3qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$)

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

The Von Neumann based architecture of the modern computer has dominated the computing industry for the past 50 years, sparking the digital revolution and propelling us into today's information age. Recent research focus and market trends have shown significant effort toward the advancement and application of artificial intelligence technologies. Although artificial intelligence has been studied for decades since the Turing machine was first introduced, the field has recently emerged into the spotlight thanks to remarkable milestones such as AlexNet-CNN and Alpha-Go, whose neural-network based deep learning methods have achieved a ground-breaking performance superior to existing recognition, classification, and decision algorithms. Unprecedented results in a wide variety of applications (drones, autonomous driving, robots, stock markets, computer vision, voice, and so on) have signaled the beginning of a golden age for artificial intelligence after 40 years of relative dormancy. Algorithmic research continues to progress at a breath-taking pace as evidenced by the rate of new neural networks being announced. However, traditional Von Neumann based architectures have proven to be inadequate in terms of computation power, and inherently inefficient in their processing of vastly parallel computations, which is a characteristic of deep neural networks. Consequently, global conglomerates such as Intel, Huawei, and Google, as well as large domestic corporations and fabless companies are developing dedicated semiconductor chips customized for artificial intelligence computations. The AI Processor Research Laboratory at ETRI is focusing on the research and development of super low-power AI processor chips. In this article, we present the current trends in computation platform, parallel processing, AI processor, and super-threaded AI processor research being conducted at ETRI.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.26-41
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• 2007

There are three things that are not known to the human being. That is when, where and how one will die. Most people live ignoring death. However, elements of death linger everywhere. The purpose of this treatise is investigates about justification Deciding for Other directions. First, I will investigate about Deciding for Other directions, when patient can not decide own, I will do investigate agent's decision's problem. Second, These four principles provide the common ground for biomedical ethics. Principlism argue that a method using four principles can resolve controversies in bioethics. The method holds that there are four principles-respect for autonomy, nonamleficence, beneficence, justice- that articulate the necessary conditions of common morality for health care and bioethics. Beauchamp and Childress respond by arguing that the two problems are nc the meaning or interpretation but the process of specification. Third, So, Supplement four principles' problem to Levinas concept of the Other theory. Levinas concept of the Other is very resemblant with 'Love your neighbour as yourself." Christians believe that Love is above all and they act accordingly. They base this faith mainly upon the motto of "love your neighbour as yourself." Fourth. difficult part of Levinas concept of the Other is that there is no human to equal infinite sense of responsibility. Can be supplemented about this through cooperation of community. Four principles can be brought to bear on moral choices. And they asserts that each principles has weigh but they do not assign a priority weighting of ranking. All the principles are equal in moral decision making.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2011

항공우주용으로 개발되거나 활용 가능한 상업용 체크밸브사례가 조사되었다. 개발사례로 발사체용, 높은 수명이 요구되는 NASA의 SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) 및 지상 지원 시스템 퍼지 라인용과 국내에서 개발된 체크밸브가 있다. 상용품은 미국 주요 밸브개발업체의 제품을 상온용과 극저온용으로 분류하여 조사하였다. 또한 운용 온도, 운용 압력 및 크래킹 압력과 같은 주요 성능과 관련된 씰의 재질, 스프링 강성과 같은 설계 인자의 관계도 설명되었다. 이러한 단품 성능 이외에 채터 및 오염과 같은 운용상의 문제점과 일반적인 해결방안도 언급되었다. 또한 기타주의사항으로 필터, 피팅과 청정도 요구조건에 대하여도 조사되었다

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1985

The reinforced concrete farm silos on the elastic foundatin are widely used in agricultural engineering because of their superior structural performance, economy and attractive appearance. Various methods for the analysis and design of farm silo, such as the analytical method, the finite difference method, and the finite element methods, can be used. But the analytical procedure can not be applied for the intricate conditions in practice. Therefore lately the finite element method has been become in the structural mechanics. In this paper, a method of finite element analysis for the cylindrical farm silo on ffness matrix for the elastic foundation governed by winkler's assumption. A complete computer programs have been developed in this paper can be applicable not only to the shell structures on elastic foundation but also to the arbitrary three dimensional structures. Assuming the small deflection theory, the membrane and plate bending behaviours of flat plate element can be assumed mutually uncoupled. In this case, the element has 5 degrees of freedom per node when defined in the local coordinate system. However, when the element properties are transformed to the global coordinates for assembly, the 6th degree of freedom should be considered. A problem arises in this procedure the resultant stiffness in the 6th degree of freedom at this node will be zero. But this singularity of the stiffness matrix can be eliminated easily by merely replacing the zero diagonal by dummy stiffness.