• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to determine the normal serial ultrasonographic appearance of the postpartum uterine involution. Postpartum changes in uterine shape, architecture, echogenicity and diameter were monitored by ultrasonography in 10 Shih-tzu bitches. Serial ultrasonographic examination was done daily during the first week, 3 days interval from 8 to 30 days, and weekly from 31 to 100 days postpartum. All 10 postpartum bitches had normal involution by gross finding, vaginal discharges, and by ultrasonographic findings, uterine shape and echogenicity. The uterine diameter in the placental sites was decreased from $23.56{\pm}1.45$ mm at 1 day to $14.08{\pm}1.55$ mm at 7 day, and in the interplacental sites was decreased from $14.64{\pm}1.28$mm at 1day to $9.61{\pm}1.46$mm at 7 day postpartum. At 65 days postpartum the uterine diameter was 5-6 mm both placental and interplacental sites, and the uterine horns were uniform hypoechic, tubular structures without enlargement. Therefore, complete involution of the uterus occured 65 days. It was concluded that normal postpartum uterine involution in Shih-tzu bitches appeared to be completed 65 days postpartum by gross findings such as vaginal discharges, and ultrasonographic findings. And ultrasonographic characteristics of the postpartum uterine involution were described. Therefore, these result suggest that ultrasonographic assessment is a reliable method for diagnosing the subinvolution of placental sites and uterine dysfunction, such as pyometra in the bitch.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, biomechanical, and histologic changes in new distraction osteogenesis(DO) technique combined with a compression stimulation in accordance to different compression-distraction force ratio. 23 adult male rabbits underwent open-osteotomy at the mandibular body area and a external distraction device was applied. In the control group of 8 rabbits, only a 8 mm of distraction was performed by conventional DO technique. In an experimental group of 15 rabbits, a distraction followed by a compression force was performed according to the ratio of compression-distraction suggested by authors. The rate of experimental group I was set up as a 2 mm compression versus 10 mm distraction and the rate of experimental group II was set up as a 3 mm compression versus 11 mm distraction. All the rabbits were sacrificed for a gross finding, biomechanical, histomorphometric and histologic findings at the time of 55 days from the operation day. The results were as follows: 1. On the gross findings, because all rabbits had a sufficient healing time, every distracted new bone had good bone quality and we could not find any difference among all three groups. 2. In the histologic findings, rapid bone maturation(wide lamellar bone formation in the cancellous and cortical bone areas) was observed in two experimental groups compared to the control group. 3. On the bone density tests, the experimental group II showed higher bone density than the other experimental group and control group(control group-$0,2906g/cm^2$, experimental group I-$0.2961g/cm^2$, experimental group II-$0.3328g/cm^2$). 4. On the biomechanical tests, the experimental group II had significantly higher bone microhardness than the other experimental group and control group(control group-252.7 MPa, experimental group I-263.5 MPa, experimental group II-426.0 MPa). 5. On the microhardness tests, when we compared the hardness ratio of distracted bone versus normal bone, we could find experimental group II had significantly higher hardness ratio than the other experimental group and control group(control group-0.47, experimental group I-0.575, experimental group II-0.80). From this study, we could deduce that the modified distraction osteogenesis method with a compression stimulation might improve the quality of bone regeneration and shorten the consolidation period in comparison with conventional distraction osteogenesis techniques.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1200-1203
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• 2005

Kami-Okchun-San(OCS) is known as an effective herbal medicine on Type 2 diabetes. We peformed to investigate acute toxicity of OCS on ICR mice. ICR mice in acute toxicity experiment were administered orally with dosages of 3,200mg/kg (low dosage group), 4,000mg/kg (middle dosage group), 5,000mg/kg (high dosage group) per single time, respectively. Body weights, clinical signs, motalities and histopathological finding were observed daily for 14 days according to the Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1999. 12. 22). Single oral administration of OCS with different dosages, no animals died of the test drug. Autopsy of animal revealed no abnormal gross findings. Therefore, LD50 value of OCS for ICR mice was more than 5,000mg/kg on oral route. Normally increasing changes were observed in body weight, drinking water and food intake in every dosage group. Hematological parameters were also observed normally in all animals. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no toxic dose level of OCS in ICR mice is considered to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Therefore, it was concluded that OCS have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential subacute toxicity of plant sterol esters by a 4-week repeated oral dose in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article was administered once daily by gavage to rats at dose levels of 0, 1000, 3000, and 9000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. During the test period, clinical sign, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross finding, organ weight, and histopathology were evaluated. A reduction in the body weight was observed in females of the 9000 mg/kg group on day 27 after the initiation of treatment, but not in males of the group. There were no treatment-related effects on mortality, clinical sign, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinarlysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathology in any treatment group. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 4-week repeated oral dose of plant sterol esters resulted in suppressed body weight in female rats at a dose level of 9000 mg/kg/day. In the condition of this study, target organ was not observed and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 9000 mg/kg/day for males and 5000 mg/kg/day for females.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2003

Chitosan is known to have antibacterial, antitumorogenic, hypolipidemic and immunopotentiating activities, hence finding diverse uses as a component in varying functional foodstuffs. However, some investigators reported it caused mineral absoiption inhibition and excess coagulation. From the chemical viewpoint, conventional chitosans are high-molecule polymers lacking water solubility, which could be related with their possible toxicity. A newly developed low- molecule water soluble chitosan is thought to have low toxicity compared to conventional chitosans. But no investigation was carried out to evaluate its toxicity. In this study, a 28-day subacute oral toxicity study of the water-soluble chitosan was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Each 36 male and female rats were orally administered with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Clinical parameters (growth rate, feed and water consumption, daily inspection, urine analysis) during the 28 days indicated the water-soluble chitosan did not induce any abnonnal changes. There were no abnormal findings due to the administration of the test substance in gross and microscopic findings. We had not found alteration in absolute and relative organ weight between the control and treated groups, with only exception in the liver but lacking dose-dependency. The results of hematology and serum biochemistry examination revealed that no treatment related changes were between control and all dose groups. In conclusion, it was suggested that subacute toxicity of the water-soluble chitosan was low and the no-observed adverse effect level was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

Energy is a vital resource for the economic growth and the social development for any country. As the industry becomes more sophisticated and the economy more grows, the electricity demand is increasing. So forecasting electricity demand is an important for electricity suppliers. Forecasting electricity demand makes it possible to distribute electricity demand. As the market for Negawatt market began to grow in Korea from 2014, the prediction of electricity consumption demand becomes more important. Moreover, power consumption forecasting provides a way for demand management to be directly or indirectly participated by consumers in the electricity market. We use Genetic Algorithms to predict the energy demand of the fishing industry in Jeju Island by using GDP, per capita gross national income, value add, and domestic electricity consumption from 1999 to 2011. Genetic Algorithm is useful for finding optimal solutions in various fields. In this paper, genetic algorithm finds optimal parameters. The objective is to find the optimal value of the coefficients used to predict the electricity demand and to minimize the error rate between the predicted value and the actual power consumption values.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

Purpose: To classify the results of renal biopsy in pediatric patients and to compare pathological findings with clinical features. Methods: This study included data of 318 children who underwent renal biopsy at our hospital between December 1987 and November 2014. Biopsy specimens were examined histopathologically using light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Results: Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities was the most common clinical diagnosis (35.9%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (29.3%), and acute glomerulonephritis (18.0%). Glomerular disease was identified in 98.1% of the renal biopsy specimens. The most common primary cause of glomerulonephritis was IgA nephropathy, with gross hematuria in 61.9% of the patients, hypertension in 14.2%, proteinuria >1.0 gm/24-hr in 33.3%, and impaired renal function in 3.6% patients. Conclusion: The most common clinical diagnosis was asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, with primary glomerular disease being the most common renal biopsy finding, and IgA nephropathy the most common histopathological lesion. This study provides a 27-year overview of pediatric renal disease at our center and underlines the importance of renal biopsy for accurate diagnosis and proper management.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of Sanyak pharmacopuncture therapy for the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective investigation of a total of 70 patients who were inpatients of the Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University between January 1, 2011, and May 31, 2012, and who were diagnosed as having peripheral facial paralysis by physical examination, the patients received three different interventions. Eleven (11) patients were treated with acupuncture and alcohol Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (ADG), 25 patients with acupuncture and distillation Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (DDG), and 34 patients with acupuncture and non-Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (NDG). The resulting data were analyzed. Results: The changed H-B grades indicated significant improvements in all three groups, and the ADG and the DDG groups showed significant results after two weeks of treatment when compared to the NDG group. The changed y-Scores indicated significant improvements in all three groups, and the ADG group showed significant results after 10 and 15 days of treatment when compared to the NDG group. Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture may be safe for the human body because in most cases, the only abnormal finding was the pain could by the application of pharmacopuncture. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Oriental medical treatment with dioscoreae Rhizoma (Sanyak) pharmacopuncture complex therapy may be effective and safe in patient with peripheral facial paralysis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2015

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is one of the most well-known and important infectious renal diseases resulting from a prior infection with group A ${\beta}$-hemolytic streptococcus. The typical clinical characteristics of the disease reflect acute onset with gross hematuria, edema, hypertension and moderate proteinuria after the antecedent streptococcal infection. In children, usually PSGN is healed spontaneously but if it combines with fast progressing glomerulonephritis, it would be developed to chronic renal failure. Therefore, it is important to make a fast diagnosis and treatment by simple tools to predict the course and the prognosis of disease. Sonography is a simple tool for diagnosis but there is no typical renal sonographic finding in PSGN, so it is difficult to predict the course and the prognosis of disease by sonographic findings. In comparison between two cases of renal sonographic findings in PSGN, a patient who showed more increased echogenicity in more extended area of renal sonography had the severe results of renal pathology, prolonged treatment period and low serum C3 level. Here, we report the different findings of renal sonography and pathology depending on the degree of severity between two patients. Thus, it is necessary to gather more information from further studies to make a consensus about the relationship between the renal sonography and the prognosis of disease in PSGN.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate single-dose toxicity of the gardenia yellow pigment in Sprague-Dawley rats and New-Zealand White rabbits via oral routes. The yellow pigment was administered in rats at does levels of 5,000, 2,500, 1,250, 625, 312.5mg/kg and 9mg/kg. And also yellow pigment was administered in rabbits at does levels of 5,000, 2,500, 1,250mg/kg 0 unit /kg. The rats and rabbits of both sexes were observed daily for 14 days after single oral administration. Yellow pigment treated rats and rabbits did not induce any mortalities and abnormal signs in clinical findings, body weights, gross findings and histopathological finding. Based on these results, it is impossible to estimate LD50 values in rats and rabbits. Therefore, it was concluded that gardenia yellow pigment have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in rats and rabbit.