• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.3 s.93
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• pp.303-312
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• 2006

The main objective of this experimental study is to examine the feasibilities of each testing method with various kinds of grip systems for the analysis of tensile strength of GFRP(glass fiber reinforced polymer) reinforcing bars. Three types of grip systems were examined such as resin-sleeved pipe-type grip proposed by CSA(Canadian Standard Association), frictional resistance type metal grip by ASTM(American Standard for Testing and Materials) and wedge-inserted cone-type grip normally used in prestressing tendons. Also, mechanical properties of GFRP rebars with different surface deformations were investigated for each different type of testing grip used in this study. All testing procedures including specimens preparation, set-up of test equipments and measuring devices were made according to the CSA S806-02 recommendations. From the test results, it was found that the highest tensile strengths of GFRP rebars were observed when tested by resin-sleeved grip system regardless of their different surface deformations. But tensile strengths of GFRP rebars by ASTM grip system are only 10% less than those by CSA grip system. On the other hand, CSA grip is not only difficult to prepare but also not disposable. Therefore, ASTM grip system is recommended as a practical alternative to estimate the tensile strength of GFRP rebars.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.55-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the hand dexterity and grip strength of 8-10 year elementary school children and 20-24 year college students. This study was conducted on 77 elementary school children aged 8-10 years old and 50 college students aged 20-24 years. The chopsticks manipulation test (CMT) and dymanomenter were used to evaluated hand dexterity and grip strength. In this study, the correlation between hand dexterity and grip strength, and the age, hand dexterity and grip strength of the subjects were compared. hand dexterity between 8-10 year old and 20-24 year old students were statistically different between 8 and 9 year olds, and the control was between 8 and 20-24 year old students. There were statistically significant differences. In addition, in the correlation between age, hand dexterity and grip strength, age and grip strength were positively correlated, and age and hand dexterity were negatively correlated. These results may contribute to the development of children's hand function and the fusion approach.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this preliminary study was to use hand function tests to Hand dexterity levels provided by the type of compression garment and compression bandages in asymptomatic subjects and to collect baseline data for the comparison of hand functions in the patients with chronic arm lymphedema. Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 healthy volunteer female with a mean age of 45.8 years. Grip strength and hand functions were tested in three conditions-no compression, compression garment, and compression bandages-using the nine-hole peg test (NHPT), the box and block test (B&BT), Minnesota Manual Dexterity test (MMDT), and the hand-held Jamar dynamometer. Results: The grip strength was significantly low in the bandage condition (p<0.05). The performance in both compression groups (i.e., bandage and compression garment) decreased as the thickness of the compression material increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that grip strength and hand function scores are influenced by the characteristics of the compression applied. Future study is needed to determine the level of hand function between patients with chronic arm lymphedema and healthy individuals.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscle anti-fatigue effects of Morindae officinalis Radix liquid extract. Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR rats are used in the study, and we administered the extracts powder of Morinda officinalis concentration of 1, 10, 100mg/0.3 ml to each to rats(MO group) once a day for each 30 and 60 days. After 30 and 60 days, we examined the plasma concentraion of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose. And we measured the persistent time of swimming exercise test and conducted grip strength test Results: We found that there are no significantly differences between the control and the treatment group in the plasma concentration of activity level of lactate dehydrogenase. And we found that in 30days group, level of glucose concentration is significant. In swimming exercise test, as administration time and concetration growed up, swimming time is increased. And in grip strength test, as concentraion is growed up, grip strength is increased. Conclusion: This study show that Morinda officinalis is effective against muscle fatigue.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2020

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is the most common chronic musculoskeletal pain condition of the upper extremities. LE is often related to forceful grip activities that require isometric contraction of the wrist extensors. A previous study evaluated the effect of the diamond taping technique on grip strength and pain; however, there has been no report on the change in the electromyography (EMG) findings of wrist extensors. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diamond taping technique, using a rigid tape, on the EMG activities of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) during grip activities. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (mean age = 21.50 ± 2.76 years) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were instructed to perform forceful grip activities with and without diamond-type taping on the origin area of the ECR. Grip strength tests were performed at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% for maximal isometric contraction force. EMG data were collected from the ECR. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of grip force and taping (with and without). Statistical significance levels were set at α = 0.05. Comparison of the results with and without taping at different grip force were analyzed using independent t-test. Statistical significance levels were set at α = 0.01. Results: Statistically significant association was observed between the taping application and forceful grip activity as revealed by the EMG data of the ECR (p < 0.05). EMG of the ECR significantly reduced for all muscle strength levels (p < 0.01) after taping. Conclusion: This study shows an impressive effect of the diamond taping technique, using rigid tape, on wrist extensors during grip activities. Decreasing muscle activity via this taping approach could be utilized to enhance pain-free grip force and reduce pain in patients with LE. Our study suggested that this taping technique could be considered as an effective management strategy of LE.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.611-617
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study was to analysis quantitatively the degree of injury and/or the progress of treatment for physical impairment. This study provided a more detailed study that evaluates all test parameters including maximum grip strength, duration of operation, average grip strength, acceleration work, dynamic endurance time and percent change in static endurance. Also, a complete database management system is developed and used to store related training, evaluation, and personal information. In addition, the system is developed a grip sensor using load.cell transducer (${\leq}60kg$). The system will be efficient to operate and convenient to use, furthermore, it can be helped for understanding and analysis the progress of a patient during a doctor's rehabilitation program.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.198-202
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a paraffin treatment with exercise on the muscle strength and fatigue of the hand according to the use of smartphones. Methods: The measurement subjects were 30 healthy males in their 20s who were divided randomly into the control and paraffin treatment groups. A typing exercise using a smartphone was performed. The pinch grip force was measured to evaluate the muscle strength of the thumb, and muscle fatigue analysis using electromyography was performed to analyze muscle fatigue. Results: The functional changes to the arm and the fatigue of the hand through the use of a smartphone were examined to determine the effects of the paraffin treatment. The dominant hand-pinch grip force test did not show a significant difference, but the non-dominant hand-pinch grip force test showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.030). In the dominant hand fatigue test, there was a significant difference between the groups (p=0.037). In the non-dominant hand, there was a significant difference between time (p=0.012) and the groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The effects of paraffin intervention on the hand muscle strength and fatigue due to repeated use of the smartphone were confirmed. These results can be used as a basis for clinical use and can be a guide for the correct use of smartphones, which are essential in modern life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.506-514
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between hand grip strength and cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with myocardial infarction. In this retrospective study, 67 patients who experienced myocardial infarction for 10 months were analyzed. Hand grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Dynapenia was diagnosed based on a dominant hand grip strength of less than 30 kg for males and 20 kg for females. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed using a treadmill. Physical activity status was also evaluated. Cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were analyzed using a t-test and a Mann-Whitney test. VO2max, METmax, and exercise time significantly decreased in the dynapenia group compared with the non-dynapenia group. Correlation analysis revealed that dominant handgrip strength was significantly related to cardiorespiratory fitness parameters. Moreover, VO2max, METmax, and exercise time were significantly increased in patients with vigorous activity compared with the sedentary group. These findings indicate that handgrip strength could potentially be used as a marker of cardiorespiratory functions. Accordingly, patients with myocardial infarction should be evaluated for grip strength and physical activity, and we can encourage patients to participate actively in cardiac rehabilitation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

Introduction : Exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in which to help elderly maintain functional performance and to enhanced quality of life. Most of exercise study has been reported on fitness exercise such as walking, swimming, dance etc for health of elderly. There have been few reports about exercise on the promotion of small and fine movement of elderly. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine an effect of 6 weeks hand and finger exercise in home to improve hand muscle strength such as grip strength and finger pinch pressure. Materials and Methods Design: This pilot study was used one group pre and post-test design. Sample: Twelve elderly women above 60 years of age or older living in community were selected by convenient sampling. Procedure: Signed informed consent was obtained prior to participate in this study. The authors met elderly and taught hand and finger exercise, daily a week for 6 weeks, within 30 minutes per session. But exercise frequency and strength were not same. Instruments: Left and right grip strength were measured by Bulb Dynamometer(made in USA) and left and right pinch pressure were measured by Baseline Hydraulic Pinch Gauge(made in USA). Data analysis: Discriptive data analyses were performed on all variables. Wilcoxon matched-pairs Signed-Ranks test were used to find difference of grip strength and pinch pressure between pre and post exercise using SPSS 10.0 for Window. Results: Samples age ranged from 60 to 73, Mean age was 65.3. All were women. Ten elderly were diagnosed osteoarthritis and one had DM. After six weeks hand and finger exercise, Left and right grip strength were higher than those of before exercise(Z=-2.667, P<0.01 ; Z=-3.065, p<0.01). And left pinch pressure after hand and linger exercise were higher than that of before pinch pressure (Z=-2.315, p<0.05). But Right pinch pressure was not shown significant change(Z=-1.099, p>0.05). Conclusions: Although this study was limited by the sample size and design, the findings provide some important implications for community based exercise nursing intervention. Short term (six weeks) exercise of hand and linger is shown to be useful as nursing intervention to maintain routine daily activities such as eating, writing, grip something for elderly.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-help program on patients with chronic arthritis. This study was performed from 13th of August to 29th of October 2002. 30 arthritis patients with an average age of 56 years were participated in the self-help program. At the completion of 6 weeks, 23 patients completed both pretest and posttest, overall dropout rate was 23%. Outcome measures were status of daily living, self-care activities, flexibility, grip strength and depression. Data were analysed by percentage, paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. There were statistically significant in self-care activities, flexibility, grip strength after the self-help program. However no significant differences were found in daily living and depression. There were significant relationships between daily living and depression. There were significant relationships between right flexibility & left flexibility and right and left grip strength. In conclusion self-help program was proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase the self-care activities, flexibility and grip strength. These results of this study suggested that the follow-up program after the self-help program should be run to help the physical psychological wellbeing of arthritis patients.