• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 2003

The production of polysaccharide according to various developmental stages(mycelium growth, primordium appearance, and fruiting-body formation) in the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa was studied. The cap of the mature mushroom showed the highest amount of polysacchride. Mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis were optimal at pH 5 and $20^{\circ}C$. Polysaccharide synthesis was maximal after 12 days of cultivation, whereas maximum mycelial growth was shown after 18 days. Mannose, cellobiose and starch increased the level of polysaccharide as well as growth in submerged culture. Glucose and sucrose appeared to be good substrates for fruiting of Grifola frondosa.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

This research was carried out to determine the differences of physiological activites between Grifola frondosa of log cultivation(LC) and Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation(BC). Total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability(NSA), SOD-like activity and inhibitory effect of Xanthine oxidase were examined. The highest value of total flavonoid content is $5.96{\pm}0.81mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of log cultivation at $40^{\circ}C$ (LC-W40) but, one of total phenolics compound is $44.53{\pm}0.89mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation at $40^{\circ}{\cdots}$ (BC-W40). The EDA using DPPH of BC-W40 extract showed the highest value of $97.14{\pm}0.71%$. Nitrite-scavenging ability was $62.55^{\circ}{\ae}0.36%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa of BC-W40 at pH 1.2. The value was SOD-like activity showed the highest value of $18.95^{\circ}{\ae}1.39%$ in extract from LC-W40. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was the highest value of $54.31{\pm}0.40%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa BC-W40, and dependent on concentrations. These results showed that a the antioxidant effects of Grifola frondosa is excellent. However, physiological activities of Grifola frondosa were not depend on caltivation method regulary, and were different according to kind of solvents, concentraitions and physialogical factors examined such as EDA, SOD-like activity and NSA.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

This study was carried to identify a correct species and asses genetic diversity within the same species of Grifola spp. preserved in Division of applied Microbiology. Contaminated isolates showed different growth rates, morphology and color of hyphae. We have reconstructed the phylogenetic tree of a select group of Grifola spp. using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS) region. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining method. PELF primers of 20-mer were used to assess genetic diversity of preserved isolates. Sequence analysis showed that four strains were identified completely different nomenclature. According to the analysis of ITS sequences, the genus Grifola clustered into one group, most of which correlated with species-groups identified by RAPD method. Eight isolates included strain GM01 showed high similarity with Grifola frondosa. All isolates were collected in the Japan(GM01, GM02, GM03) was identified as Grifola frondosa and isolates of the China(GM05, GM06, GM08) was identified as Bjerkandera fumosa, Grifola frondosa and Dichomitus squalens, respectively. RAPD analysis of genetic polymorphisms of genus Grifola showed a very different band patterns on the isolat. As the result of RAPD and ITS region sequences analysis for preserved isolates, it seems likely that 4 isolates of Grifola spp. may be need to reclassify or eliminate from preserved catalogue.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1056-1069
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Grifola frondosa, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of G. frondosa in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS/METHODS: We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of G. frondosa by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. RESULTS: Our study revealed that G. frondosa ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, G. frondosa inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of G. frondosa on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of G. frondosa as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.181-187
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• 2012

Grifola frondosa has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. In this study, functional polysaccharide was obtained from Grifola frondosa using four different extraction methods: hot water(HwFP), homogenize(HgFP), acid(AcFP), and alkali(AlFP) extraction methods. The effects of these extracts on KB and HepG2 cell lines were then examined for any anti-cancer activity. Alkaline extraction produced a yield of 0.175% and the total sugar content of the extract was 54.97%. We were able to confirm that the polysaccharide extracts from the mushroom produce an anti-cancer effect. The cytotoxicity of AlFP and AcFP against HepG2 cells were 22.86% and 28.88%, respectively, and the cytotoxicity of AlFP against the KB cell lines was 47.76% at a concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Therefore, these results suggest that the optimum method for extracting functional polysaccharides from G. frondosa is the alkali extraction method.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a carbohydrate metabolic disorder that involves high blood sugar because insulin works abnormally. Type 2 diabetes accounts for most of them. However, diabetes treatments such as GLP-1 and DPP-4 inhibitors commonly caused side effects including gastrointestinal disorders. Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) revealed various pharmacological effects in recent studies. It has a variety of anti-cancer polysaccharides through host-mediated mechanisms. D-fraction in G. frondosa has apoptotic effects, promoting myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation into granulocytes-macrophages. It has also been shown to reduce the survival rate of breast cancer cells. Though, no further study has been conducted on the specific effects of G. frondosa in the db/db mouse. Therefore, we would like to research the blood glucose improving effect of G. frondosa, a natural material, in type 2 diabetes model mouse, in this study. G. frondosa was administered to the disease model mouse (BKS.Cg-+Lepr^db/+Lepr^db/OlaHsd) for 8 weeks to monitor weight and blood glucose changes every week. And we evaluated anti-diabetes effects by checking biomarker changes shown through blood. Experiment did not show statistically significant weight differences, but control groups showed significantly higher weight gain than G. frondosa administered groups. We collected blood from the tail veins of the db/db mouse each week. As a result, the lowest blood sugar level was shown in the 500 mg/kg group of G. frondosa. Glucose in the blood was examined with HBA1c, and 7.8% was shown in the 500 mg/kg administration group, lower than in other groups. These results suggest the potential improvements of diabetes in G. frondosa.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.400-405
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of sponge cakes added with Grifola frondosa powder. The specific gravity, viscosity, and dough weigh tended to increase as the ratio of mushroom powder increased. The sponge cake volume, specific volume, baking loss rate, and height had a tendency to decrease according to the addition of mushroom powder. The color of the cake crust and crumb became darker as the amount of mushroom powder increased, and the addition of mushroom powder increased the hardness, gumminess, and brittleness of the cake. Finally, the overall acceptability of the sponge cake was the best when the cake contained 5% mushroom powder.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on mycelial growth characteristics for an artificial cultivation of Grifola frondosa. Ten strains of G. frondosa were collected from Korea, China and Japan and investigated its optimal culture condition. Among four kinds of mushroom culture media, PDA medium was selected as the suitable culture medium. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of G. frondosa in PDA medium were $25^{\circ}C$ and $4{\sim}5$ of pH, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources for the optimum mycelial growth were fructose and peptone, respectively, and the highest mycelial growth was observed when the C/N ratio was $10{\sim}20$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

We investigated the effect on inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) by production of exopolysaccharide (GF-glucan) from mycelial culture of Grifola frondosa HB0071. The photoprotective potential of GF-glucan was tested in HDF exposed to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light. It was revealed that GF-glucan had an inhibitory effect on MMP-1 expression in UVA-irradiated HDF without any significant cytotoxicity. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF with GF-glucan resulted in a dose-dependent degrease in the expression level of MMP-1 protein and mRNA (by maximum $54.4\%$ at an $0.5\%$ GF-glucan). These results suggest that GF-glucan obtained from mycelial culture of G. frondosa HB0071 may contribute to inhibitory action in photoaging by reducing the MMP-1 related matrix degradation system.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

Samples (10 mg/mL) of wild Grifola frondosa aqueous extract and solvent fractions were examined for fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and antioxidative activities to determine the biological activities. The fibrinolytic activity of the aqueous extract and solvent fractions was 0.93 and 0.73 plasmin units/mL, respectively. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the butanol extract was 79.60%. The chloroform fraction had high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (85.88%). The aqueous extract had low antioxidative activity (39.81%). The aqueous fraction hydrolyzed Bβ subunits of human fibrinogen but did not show any reactivity for the γ form of the human fibrinogen. The findings indicate the potential of wild Grifola frondosa for the development of drugs and bio-functional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.