• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

In Korea, salt stress is one of the major problems limiting crop production and eco-environmental quality in greenhouse soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organic residues (Chinese milk vetch, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) for reducing salt activity in greenhouse soil. Organic residues was incorporated with salt-accumulated soil (EC, 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$) at the rate of 5% (wt $wt^{-1}$) and the changes of electrical conductivity (EC) was determined weekly for 8 weeks under incubation condition at $30^{\circ}C$. The EC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and water soluble ions in soil was strongly affected by C/N ratio of organic residues. After 8 weeks incubation, the concentration of water soluble $NO_3{^-},\;Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ was significantly decreased in organic residues having high C/N ratio (maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) incorporated soil compared to organic residues having lower C/N ratio (Chinese milk vetch) incorporated soil. The EC value in Chinese milk vetch incorporated soil was higher than control treatment. In contrast, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw amended soil was highly decreased the EC value compared to control and Chinese milk vetch applied soil after 4 weeks incubation. Our results indicated that incorporation of organic residues having high C/N ratio (>30) could reduce salt activity resulting from reducing concentration of water soluble ions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

This is the fundamental research on restoring damaged vegetation areas in the vicinity of DMZ using local native plant species. This research is aimed at identifying effective plant growth regulators (PGR) for seed germination and seedling growth of mountain mulberry, and developing effective methods for managing its germination and growth. Mountain mulberry seeds were collected from the regions in the DMZ vicinity, and tests with seven treatments using four PGRs including $GA_3$, kinetin, ABA and NAA, were conducted. The germination rate was calculated in two different ways of both in a growth chamber and in a greenhouse after seven days observation, and the growth characters such as leaf width/length, seedling width/length and fresh/dry weight, have been surveyed in a greenhouse for three months. Although in the growth chamber the highest germination rate was shown at a group with the kinetin treatment, it was not significantly different to that of the control group. Groups with ABA or NAA presented relatively low germination rates. As for the greenhouse test, the germination rates of all groups ranged 20~30% without significant difference each other, the reason of which might be due to low absorption by the effect of a soil drench method used in this study. The entire growth characters with the treatments of $2.15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of kinetin and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of $GA_3$ were significantly different to the control. NAA treatment only showed better growth of seedling width compared to the control. Consequently, the most effective PGRs for the germination and growth of mountain mulberry near the DMZ was kinetin. Further research on examining the most effective concentration of them was needed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2023

Light is an important factor that influences the growth and development of flowering plants. The present study investigated the effects of in vitro acclimatization to different light colors (white light (WL; control), blue light (BL; 447 nm), green light (GL; 519 nm), and red light (RL; 667 nm)) on the growth of petunia (Petunia hybrida) and of hardening cultivation of plant transferred form in vitro to a greenhouse under sunlight. Compared to the control, the shoot length and leaf width of Petunia increased by 42% and 11.7%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and the shoot growth increased by 29.3% after acclimatization to RL. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents after acclimatization to BL and GL were 16.7% and 11.3% higher, respectively, and 14.4% and 11.9% higher, respectively, than those in the control. During greenhouse cultivation, the shoot length increased by 16.7% and 11.3%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and RL, respectively, and the leaf length and leaf width increased by 14.4% and 11.9%, respectively, after acclimatization to GL. While dry weight of root of GL and BL was not significant difference in vitro, increased by 59.0% and 22.9% ex vitro than that of WL. Thus, acclimatization to BL increased the shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll contents, and acclimatization to GL and RL enhanced shoot and root growth, in petunia.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.232-235
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• 2003

In general, the parameters of climate change include aerosol chemical compounds, aerosol optical depth, greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide, CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone), ozone distribution, precipitation acidity and chemical compounds, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, radioactivity, solar radiation including ultra-violet and standard meteorological parameters. Over the last ten years, the monitoring activities of Korea regarding to the climate change have been progressed within the WMO GAW and ACE-Asia IOP programs centered at the observation sites of Anmyeon and Jeju Gosan islands respectively. The Greenhouse gases were pointed out that standard air quality monitoring techniques are required to enhance data comparability and that data presentation formats need to be harmonized and easily understood. Especially, the impact of atmospheric aerosols on climate depends on their optical properties, which, in turn, are a function of aerosol size distribution and the spectral reflective indices. Aerosol optical depth and single scattering albedo in the visible are used as the two basic parameters in the atmospheric temperature variation studies. The former parameter is an indicator of the attenuation power of aerosols, while the latter represents the relative strength of scattering and absorption by aerosols. For aerosols with weak absorption, surface temperature decreases as the optical depth increases because of the domination of backscattering. For aerosols with strong absorption, however, warming could occur as the optical depth increases. The objective of the study is to characterize the means, variability, and trends of Greenhouse gases and aerosol properties on a regional basis using data from its baseline observatories in Korea peninsula. A further goal is to understand the factors that control radiative forcing of the greenhouse and aerosol.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2022

본 연구는 데이터를 기반으로 한 인공지능 기계학습 기법을 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예측 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발을 수행하였다. 온실 시스템의 내부온도 예측을 위해서 다양한 방법이 연구됐지만, 가외 변인으로 인하여 기존 시뮬레이션 분석방법은 낮은 정밀도의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 최근 개발되고 있는 데이터 기반의 기계학습을 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예측 모델 개발을 수행하였다. 기계학습모델은 데이터 수집, 특성 분석, 학습을 통하여 개발되며 매개변수와 학습방법에 따라 모델의 정확도가 크게 변화된다. 따라서 데이터 특성에 따른 최적의 모델 도출방법이 필요하다. 모델 개발 결과 숨은층 증가에 따라 모델 정확도가 상승하였으며 최종적으로 GRU 알고리즘과 숨은층6에서 r² 0.9848과 RMSE 0.5857℃로 최적 모델이 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 온실 외부 데이터를 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예측 모델 개발이 가능함을 검증하였으며, 추후 다양한 온실데이터에 적용 및 비교분석이 수행되어야 한다. 이후 한 단계 더 나아가 기계학습모델 예측(predicted) 결과를 예보(forecasting)단계로 개선하기 위해서 데이터 시간 길이(sequence length)에 따른 특성 분석 및 계절별 기후변화와 작물에 따른 사례별로 개발 모델을 관리하는 등의 다양한 추가 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

The power plants are one of the GHG major source among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, therefore information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishing control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ concentration from power plants were measured using GC-FID and GC-ECD. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was 0.33 kg/TJ and $N_2O$ emission factor was 0.88 kg/TJ. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission factors developed in this study were compared with those for IPCC default value and other countries emission factors. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was lower than IPCC default value and Finnish emission factor, but higher than Japanese emission factor. $N_2O$ emission factor was higher Japanese emission factor and IPCC default emission factor however lower than Finnish emission factor. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.202-209
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• 1996

본 연구는 온실내에서 퇴비발효 과정중에 발생하는 암모니아가스의 동태와 퇴비발효에 수반되는 환경의 변화가 토마토의 생육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 구명하고자 관행온실과 퇴비발효온실의 환경변화를 추적하면서 토마토의 생장과 수량 및 과일의 품질을 비교하였다. 1. 온도는 난방기에 의해 일정온도로 유지되도록 설정하였고 주간에는 $25^{\circ}C$이상에서 환기를 하였기 때문에 두 온실간의 차이가 없었다. 2. 퇴비발효온실 지중 l0cm 깊이의 지온은 관행온실보다 주간 약 7$^{\circ}C$, 야간 약 1$0^{\circ}C$ 높았으며, 지중 30cm 깊이의 퇴비발효온실의 지온은 관행온실의 지온보다 약 10-15$^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 3. 발효시작후 2, 3, 4, 5, 및 6일째의 암모니아가스 휘산농도는 각각 5.4, 13.3, 114, 114.7 및 117.3ppm으로 상승하였다. 발효후 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 및 14일 째에는 각각 79.3, 41, 41, 54.7 10.7, 20, 82 및 27ppm으로 발효 7일째부터 낮아져서 8일 이후에 현저히 감소하였다. 발효 16일째에는 15.7ppm으로 낮아졌으나 작물에 따라서는 8ppm에서도 암모니아가스 장해를 받을 수 있으므로 본 실험과 같은 조건으로 발효를 시키는 퇴비발효온실에서의 작물 정식은 발효시작 후 약 3주 이후가 되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 관행온실내의 탄산가스 농도는 450ppm 내외인데 비해 퇴비발효온실내의 농도는 발효 후 1개월까지는 약 2500ppm 이상까지 높아졌으며 발효가 시작된 2개월까지는 무환기시 약 1000-1500ppm을 유지하였으며 2개월 이후부터 4개월까지는 약 700-1000ppm이 유지되었다. 5. 주근장을 제외하고는 전체적으로 관행온실보다 퇴비발효온실에서의 토마토 생육이 양호하였다. 특히 경경의 경우 정식 1개월 후부터 그 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 2개월 후에는 직경 약 1cm의 차이가 나타났다. 엽, 경, 근의 생체중 및 건물중도 생육이 진전됨에 따라 퇴비발효온실에서 현저히 증가하였다. 방울토마토의 경우 개화수와 착과수는 퇴비발효온실에서 높았으며 과중은 거의 비슷하거나 낮았다. 그러나 일반토마토의 경우는 모든 항목이 퇴비발효온실에서 높게 나타나 그 효과가 현저하였다. 퇴비발효온실 방울토마토의 총수확과수와 수확총중량은 생육이 진전됨에 따라 관행온실보다 많아졌으며 일반토마토에서는 그 경향이 현저하였다. 6. 퇴비발효온실에서 재배된 방울토마토의 평균당도는 8.5-9.2인 반면 관행온실에서 재배된 방울토마토의 당도는 7.0-9.0으로 나타났으며 일반토마토의 경우 퇴비발효온실에서의 당도가 6.5-7.5인 반면 관행온실에서는 5.9로 나타나 퇴비발효온실 토마토의 당도가 약 1도 정도 높아졌다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.418-430
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to understand the combined effect of shading treatment and harvest time on pungency, ascorbic acid content, market-quality pepper yield, and photosynthetic activity in a yellow 'Star Flame' and 'Fire Flame' F1 hybrid pepper cultivar (Capsicum annuum). Plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under white, red, and green shading nets and compared to those grown under unshaded control conditions. The ascorbic acid and pungency parameters were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Ascorbic acid, a compound of high nutritive value in pepper, was highest in fruits gathered during the first summer harvest in both hybrids. The ascorbic acid content was found to be further increased in fruits from plants grown under white net shading in both 'Star Flame' and 'Fire Flame'. Total capsaicinoid contents in 'Star Flame' were influenced by the interaction of shading treatment and harvest time (p = 0.004), with the lowest amounts ($241.2-251.5mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ fresh weight) resulting from white and red shading treatments at the early autumn harvest. In 'Fire Flame', both shading treatment (p = 0.009) and harvest time (p < 0.001) affected total capsaicinoid contents. We observed significantly higher total capsaicinoid contents in control fruits compared to that resulting from red and green shading treatments at the second harvest, and that resulting from red shading treatment at the third harvest. Analysis of photosynthetic activity revealed a significant and negative correlation between Fv/Fm values and total capsaicinoid contents in both hybrids (p < 0.001). Based on the obtained results, the harvest of peppers during summer should be promoted to produce fruits with high pungency.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2024

Methane (CH₄) is an important greenhouse gas, with a short-term greenhouse effect 80-fold that of carbon dioxide. Blast furnace slag used as a base ingredient for silicate fertilizer, and contained Fe³⁺, which acts as reduction of CH₄ emissions in flooded rice paddy. This study was evaluated the effects of the silicate fertilizer with different rates of the iron slag on CH₄ emissions and rice growth. In this study, the SF 0.0% was applied with silicate fertilizer containing 0.0% of the iron slag, while the SF 2.5% and SF 5.0% were treated with silicate fertilizer containing 2.5 and 5.0%, respectively. The CH₄ emissions during rice cropping period were assessed using a closed-chamber method and then determined by Gas chromatography. The CH₄ fluxes were reduced by 17% (SF 0.0%), 17% (SF 2.5%), and 8% (SF 5.0%) compared to the treatment with only-inorganic fertilization (control). Conversely, rice grain yield increased by 15 - 30% compared to the control owing to the improvement of soil quality by silicate fertilization. In particular, soil pH, available phosphorus and available silicic acid content were increased with the increase in the iron slag rates from 0.0 to 5.0%. These contributed to a significant increase in rice growth such as 1,000-grains weight and percentage of filled grains. Consequently, these findings were indicated that the application of silicate fertilizer containing 2.5 - 5.0% of iron slag would be the most effective in both CH₄ reduction and rice growth.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.599-607
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• 2018

Objectives: Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) may be one of the biggest causes of climate change. The purposes of this study were to reduce greenhouse gases and to increase strawberry production by developing the supply devices in livestock facilities using the membrane technology Methods: Carbon dioxide was collected from beside to livestock facilities. The injection of $CO_2$ was stopped when it reached 1,000 ppm in the facility house. Case group with injection of $CO_2$ was compared to control group with normal environment. The experiments were conducted for 8 days from December 11, 2017. Results: Total strawberry production was found to be 1,317 kg in the case group and 1,176 kg in the control group. The correlation between $CO_2$ and crop yields has led to some statistical evidence that carbon dioxide helps to grow (${\beta}=0.832$, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study identified the potential for efforts to reduce the $CO_2$ in farming households. Increased concentrations of $CO_2$ have shown that strawberries have a better growth condition. In addition, it can be explained that the plants need wide leaves to quickly absorb much $CO_2$.