• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2020

In order to increase the indoor air purification effect of plants, plants need to be placed on 5-10% of indoor spaces. To increase the density and utilization of plants in indoor spaces, studies on bio-wall, a vertical green wall system, have been recently conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of 7 indoor plants introduced to the system and their rooting zones at different irrigation cycles. This study was conducted to investigate a proper irrigation cycle for the continuous maintenance of bio-wall systems. The conditions of their growth environment were maintained as follows: light intensity, 20-50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD; and temperature, 20 - 25℃. For fertilization, Hyponex diluted with water at the ratio of 1:1,000 was supplied to plants. Irrigation was treated at intervals of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for 1 hour at a time. As a result, there was no significant difference in the growth of plants between different irrigation cycles. Dieffenbachia 'Marianne' showed a significant decrease in the number of leaves at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In addition, the chlorophyll content was relatively low at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In terms of the color of leaves, a decrease in L value and b value and an increase in a value were observed, resulting in changes in brightness and color. Ardisia pusilla 'Variegata' showed a slightly higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance when it was watered every day and once per 5 days, while Epipremnum aureum showed a relatively higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance at the irrigation cycle of 3 days. In the case of root activity, it was found that the longer irrigation cycle, the higher root activity compared to daily irrigation. The development of roots of Peperomia clusiifolia was promoted by watering at long intervals. However, in the case of Aglaonema 'Siam-Aurora', the total number of roots decreased at the interval of 7 days. In conclusion, a proper irrigation cycle for the sustainable maintenance of vertical bio-wall systems seems to be 3 days.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2016

This study reduced and built Street Canyons created by skyscrapers in order to verify effect of Street Canyons by green wall within the city centre and analysed influence factors on temperature reduction according to applicative types of green wall in the lab. Applicative types were divided into three types such as non- greening type(Case A), one-side greening type(Case B), both side greening type(Case C). The result of analysis of each types showed that average temperature of Case B and Case C is respectively $1.0^{\circ}C$ and $1.7^{\circ}C$ lower than Case A. The result of analysis of WBGT was that the highest temperature was given by Case A($40.2^{\circ}C$) and second one was from Case B($39.8^{\circ}C$) and third one was from ($39.1^{\circ}C$) and in UTCI Case A records the highest temperature of $34.7^{\circ}C$ and Case B provided the second highest temperature of $33.9^{\circ}C$ and Case B gave the lowest temperature of $32.7^{\circ}C$. In PMV the highest temperature of 2.65 was from Case B and second one of 2.61 was from Case A and third one of 2.54 was from Case C. Duncan analysis of each types based on solar radiation and thermal comfort generated that there was analytical significance between Case A and Case B and Case B in terms of each types of average temperature reduction. The significance of thermal comfort in WBGT, MRT, PMV showed non-significance but, In UTCI it was analysed that there was significance between Case C and Case A.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.809-813
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• 2004

Experiments revealed that green water phenomena resemble dam-break, in which flow over deck edge forms a vertical wall of water and suddenly falls down into deck. In this paper the dam breaking problems were formulated using Glimm's algorithm, so-rolled, Random Choice method and, several validations were presented.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2010

This study purports to investigate the status quo of the environmentally-friendly green healthcare in teaching hospitals through the questionnaire survey. Data were collected from a total of 46 hospitals. The survey results revealed that most teaching hospitals did not meet the global standard of environmentally-friendly green hospitals. Especially, such items as alternative energy system, water recycling, CO2 emission reduction, green building construction, installation of pond or spring were found to be significantly below global standard. Based upon the study results, various strategies for establishing green hospitals were discussed. For example, energy saving design, such as solar heating, natural wind cooling, automatic temperature controller, green material use, wall surrounded by ivy, were recommended. In conclusion, the strategy and evaluation tool developed in the study will provide a good guide for establishing environmentally-friendly green hospitals.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Building energy consumption takes up almost 25% of the total energy consumption. Therefore, diversified ways, such as improving wall and window insulation, have been considered to reduce building energy consumption. Recently, green roof system has been explored as an effective alternative for dealing with reducing heating and cooling energy, thermal island effect and improving water quality. However, recent studies regarding a green roof system have only focused on building energy reduction without considering the applied usage, location, and story of the green roof system. Therefore, this study pays attention to the heating and cooling energy in relation to the applied usage, location, and story of a green roof system for investigating its impact on energy reduction. The result of simulations show that the reduction in heating energy consumption is higher when applied to Cherwon-gun province which has a continental climate condition, compared to the city of Busan that is distinguished by its warm climate. Cooling energy saving turns out to be higher when the green roof system is applied to Busan in comparison with Cherwon. As for the applied usage or function of the building, residential space acquires the highest heating and cooling energy saving effect rather than commerce, educational or office space because of HVAC's running time based on usage. When it comes to the story of the green roof, both heating and cooling energy saving become the highest when the green roof is applied to single-storied buildings. The reason is that single story building is affected by the ground largely. Generally, the variations of heating energy consumption are larger than the cooling energy consumption. The outcome of the simulations, when a green roof system is applied, indicates that the energy consumption reduction rate is dynamically responding to the applied usage, location, and story. Therefore, these factors should be counted closely for maximizing the reduction of energy consumption through green roof systems.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2014

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1417-1423
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• 2011

본 연구는 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료의 비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육을 실험적으로 평가함으로써, 빗물활용을 위한 적합한 식재지반 조성과 벽면녹화 수종으로서 관목류의 활용성을 높이고자 하며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 6월 무강수 실험기간 동안 용기형 벽면녹화 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 중량단위로 측정한 결과, $A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$ 순으로, 유기질비료의 비율이 높을수록 완만하게 감소하였다. 2. 유기질비료 배합비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육은 대조구인 $A_1L_0$과 비교해 볼 때, 실험구별 생육 차이는 확연하지 않았으나 $A_2L_1$이 전체 처리구 중 가장 양호한 생육상태를 보였다. 3. 생존율은 대조구인 $A_1L_0$에서 모든 식물이 고사한 반면, 유기질비료 비율이 높을수록 생존율은 향상되었다. 이러한 실험적 결과를 통해, 빗물활용 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료는 노랑조팝나무의 생육보다는 생존을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 빗물만으로 물공급이 이루어지는 벽면녹화에 건조기를 대비할 수 있는 녹화방안이라 본다. 또한 이와 더불어 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 높이기 위한 토양개량제나 빗물저류시스템의 연계가 고려된다면 노랑조팝나무는 용기형 벽면녹화에 활용가능성이 높은 관목이라 판단된다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

Recently, an advanced raw material supplying system in diecasting industry that molten metal produced by the raw material supplier can be directly delivered to the diecasting shops was proposed. It was known to have advantages of reducing melting process cost and improving working environment. However, for its successful mass production, the development of high insulation ladle is inevitable. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of $SiO_2-Al_2O_3$ was investigated and the high insulation ladle with computer simulation result was built in a prototype and evaluated. The prototype which has refractory wall of $SiO_233%-Al_2O_3$ 35%-CaO 33% showed high insulation sufficient for carrying the Al molten metal for 138 minutes. Gas quantity result and SEM-EDS analysis on the melt poured in the ladle also showed extremely low level of 0.028 cc / 100 g and no penetration of Al molten metal into the refractory wall, satisfying the requirements for mass production.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

Purpose: Heat transfer analysis of recently developed 'slim type double-skin system window' were presented. This window system is designed for curtain wall type façade that main energy loss factor of recent elegant buildings. And the double skin system is the dual window system integrated with inner shading component, enclosed gap space made by two windows when both windows were closed and shading component effectively reflect and terminate solar radiation from outdoor. Usually double-skin system requires much more space than normal window systems but this development has limited by 270mm, facilitated for curtain wall façade buildings. In this study, we estimated thermophysical phenomena of our double-skin curtain wall system window with solar load conditions at the summer season. Method: A fully 3-Dimentional analysis adopted for flow and convective and radiative heat transfer. The commercial CFD package were used to model the surface to surface radiation for opaque solid region of windows' frame, transparent glass, fluid region at inside of double-skin and indoor/outdoor environments. Result: Steep angle of solar incident occur at solar summer conditions. And this steep solar ray cause direct heat absorption from outside of frame surface rather than transmitted through the glass. Moreover, reflection effect of shading unit inside at the double-skin window system was nearly disappeared because of solar incident angle. With this circumstances, double-skin window system effectively cuts the heat transfer from outdoor to indoor due to separation of air space between outdoor and indoor with inner space of double-skin window system.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 실내벽면녹화가 이용자에게 어떠한 측면에서 긍정적으로 인식되었으며, 이용행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 공용공간 이용객이 벽면녹화 조성 공간을 선호한다는 실험 가설 하에 벽면녹화가 이용객의 행태에 미치는 영향에 대해 관찰실험을 진행하였다. 실내벽면녹화를 설치한 후 행태관찰결과와 설문조사를 토대로 실내벽면녹화 선호도를 분석하였다. 관찰실험은 실내벽면녹화 선호가 이용행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 관해 2014년 3월 24일부터 31일까지 총 8일간 진행하였다. 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간 이용행태를 관찰카메라로 녹화하여 영상을 보면서 분석하였으며, 붐비는 시간대는 관찰시간에서 제외하였다. 좌석별 평균이용시간은 SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 독립표본 T-검정을 실행하였다. 설문조사는 행태관찰 후 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 이용객 224명에게 설문조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사로 실내벽면녹화 선호도와 그 이유에 대해 알아보고, 관찰실험, 좌석분석 결과를 종합하여 분석하였다. 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간과 일반칸막이 공간의 칸막이 인접좌석의 총 이용시간 비교결과, 실내벽면녹화 선호도가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간의 여성이용자 비율이 일반칸막이 공간에 비해 더 높으며, 칸막이와 식물은 좌석선택에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 행태관찰에서 나타나지 않는 이용자의 심리적 측면을 파악하기 위해 설문조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사에서는 실내벽면녹화에 대한 선호도가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반칸막이 공간 이용객 94명 중 11.7%(11명)가 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간에 앉기를 원하였으나, '벽면녹화 칸막이 공간에 자리가 없어서' 일반칸막이 공간에 앉았다고 응답하였다. 또한 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간 이용객 130명 중 24.6%(33명)가 '실내벽면녹화를 선호해서'라고 응답하였다. 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 이용객의 64.3%(144명)가 동일조건이라면 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간을 선택하겠다고 응답하여 선호의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 행태관찰에서 선호에 차이가 없었다.