• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The agricultural techniques of environmental friendly using the green manure crops have been required recently more to have the safety agricultural products and to reduce the use of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals. The utilization of green manure crops related closely to cropping system would be very important. The purposes of this study are both to investigate the effects of green manure crops of hairy vetch, legume, and rye, gramineae, and to compare the effects between them in rice cultivation. The hairy vetch and rye were treated as green manure crops into paddy soil at 10 days before the rice transplanting. The plant height was increased gradually from the maximum tillering to the heading growth stage, showing that it was the highest with treatment of conventional cultivation in 2007 and the highest with hairy vetch in 2008. The number of tillers was higher with treatment of hairy vetch and hairy vetch+rye than those with the conventional cultivation. Dry weight was also higher with hairy vetch than that with the conventional, while it was lower clearly in rye than those in hairy vetch and conventional. According to the high tilller number and spikelet number per panicle out of the yield components relatively, the yield of rough rice was increased to about 6% and 8% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, comparing with the yield in the conventional cultivation. Based on these results, the hairy vetch would be a good green manure crop in rice cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1970

This experiment was conducted to find out the simultaneous control effect of granulated insecticides on the several major rice insect pests in Korea. The granulated insecticides used were Terracur P$5\%$ (one of the phosphoric insecticides), Lebaycid $5\%$, and Sang-gamma (gamma-BHC) $6\%$. Those insecticides were broadcasted by hand on the paddy field at the ratio of 3kg. in June and 4kg. in August per 10 a, and the date of insecticidal application was based on the maximum moth occurrence of the rice stem borer in 1969. The rice insect pests tested in this study were rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis W.), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix bipunctatus cincticeps U.), smiller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus F.), and white back planthopper (Sogotella furcifera H.). For the study of residual effectiveness of the insecticides, the rice stem borer larvae just hatched from the eggs were installed on the sheath of rice plants collected from the paddy field after insecticidal treatment, and the mortality was made at 48 hours after installation. High mortality was observed in Terracur P and Sang-gamma treatments and low mortality in Lebaycid treatment. The duration of residual effects giving about 50% mortality was about 14 days in Sang-gamma and about 6 days in Terracur P treatments. The study on the effectiveness of the insecticides to the rice stem borer in the paddy field was made by the number of dead blades and white heads of the rice plants injured by the larvae, and the number of survival larvae in the straws after crop harvest. The order of insecticidal effectiveness to the rice stem borer was Terracur P=Sang-gamm>Lebaycid. The study on the effectiveness of the insecticides to the leafhoppers and planthoppers in the paddy field was made by the population density by sweeping (5 times) at the given day intervals after treatments. Terracur P was highly effective for the control of the green rice leafhoppers and Lebaycid was moderately effective, but Sang-gamma seemed not to be effective. The effectiveness of the insecticides tested to the planthoppers was not clear, and it seemed to related with the low insect population density. Study on the determination of proper timing of insecticidal application was not also made clear, and it seemed to be short in the range of day intervals in the insecticidal application. For the study on the control effects of the rice insect pests, rice yield per 100 hills per plot was observed. There was no statistically significant difference among the treatments in rice yields, but the order of yield (Terracur P>Sang-gamma>Lebaycid>Control) was paralleled with the tends of control effects above mentioned. In a view point of simultaneous control of the rice stem borers and green rice leafhoppers by the application of granulated insecticides, Terracur P and Lebaycid were more effective than Sang-gamma which have been used.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the optimal mixing ratios of three different amounts of green tea powder, sugar and water for preparation of Sulgiduk through Response Surface Methodology based on the color, sensory, and texture test. The green tea powder levels were included 0.5∼1.0%, water levels were included 15∼25% and sugar levels were included 5∼15% per weight of rice powder. The optimal mixing ratios of a green tea powder, sugar and water for manufacturing the best quality of Sulgiduk were 1.0%, 12% and 22%, respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts (0, 4, 8, 12, 16%) of green laver powder to Sulgidduk, a traditional Korean rice cake product, in terms of textural properties and sensory characteristics. During storage, moisture content was reduced less in the green laver-added samples as compared to the control group. With increasing additions of green laver powder, L-values decreased, a-values increased significantly, and b-values decreased; however, no changes were observed in the control group. In the mechanical evaluations, hardness increased less during storage in the green laver added samples than in the control group. Adhesiveness did not differ significantly by the addition of green laver powder. Springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness showed significant differences, and increased or decreased repeatedly during storage. In the sensory evaluations, the 16% green laver group received the highest scores for color, flavor, and taste Moistness and softness were evaluated higher in the green laver groups as compared to the control group; however, moistness, softness, and elasticity did not differ significantly during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1985

In spite of their inferior quality, pale yellow flue-cured tobacco varieties (N. tabacum L.) are being cultivated as pre-crop of rice in paddy field because of its early leaf maturity. Fertile and male sterile Hicks as green variety , three pale yellow varieties and six single cross $F_1$ hybrids between green and pale yellow varieties, were evaluated. Fertile $F_1$ hybrids were similar to pale yellow varieties in early leaf maturity, curing characters and nicotine contents, where-as they were lower in total nitrogen, higher in reducing sugar comparing to those of the pale yellow varieties.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2002

In order to supply 85% of total organic feed in ruminants and 80% in non-ruminants for organic animal production, nitrogen fixation ability of legume should be used in domestic roughages production. 50% of Europe organic farmer use intercropping legume in as green manure. This article is dealing with amount of biologically fixed nitrogen used by legumes and methods for estimating the transfer of biologically fixed N in rotation and separating the N benefit into fixed N and non-fixed N components are reviewed. Available data indicate that transfer amount of N to non legumes was from 50∼9.6(kg/ha) in legume-cereal rotations and proportion of legume N varied with seasons, 90% in summer, 50% in autumn. The important point in cropping system for legumes have to be included for organic forage production 6 year rotation is based on pasture system of 3 year pasture + 2 year annual(com, sudangrass), again pasture. Rye, barly and Italian ryegrass+legumes(vetch, crimson and pea) can be one of option in spring, com, soybean, sudangrass and Japanese bamyard millet would be seeded after spring harvest in the field. Farmer can make good use of rice paddy field as forge production potential area after harvesting rice. Italian, burly and rye+vetch and crimsonclover may be grown in autumn or spring time at the rice field.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.155-161
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• 2006

This study investigated housewives' perception of local special foods in Gwangju and Jeonnam in Gang Jin. Of 150 questionnaires sent, there were 114 responses. The most perceptible local special foods in Gwangju and Jeonnam area are as follows: Watermelon in Gwangju (100.0%), Pear in Naju (90.0%), Rice in Suncheon (40.0%), Gorosoe in Gwangyang (76.7%), Hongeo in Mopko (63.3%), Dolsan leaf mustard Kimchi in Yeosu (100.0%), Sweet Persimmon in Jangseong (86.7%), Salted bamboo sprout in Damyang (46.7%), Apple in Gokseong (90.0%), Butterfly rice in Hampyeong (63.3%), Gorosoe in Gurye (56.7%), Onion in Muan (96.7%), Peach in Hwasun(40.0%), Dallmaji rice in Yeongam (50.0%), Oyster mushroom in Jangheung (63.3%), Green tea in Boseong(96.7%), Heuksanhongeo in Sinan (53.3%), Loess sweet potato in Haenam (83.3%), Kukija in Jindo (60.0%), Laver in Wando (76.7%), Tohajeot in GangJin (73.3%), Citron in Goheung (90.0%), and Gulbi in Yeonggwang (100.0%). The most perceptible area and local special foods in Gwangju and Jeonnam area were in the following order: Green tea in Boseong (17.37%), Tohajeot in GangJin (15.97%), Watermelon in GwangJu (10.0%), Pear in NaJu (9.3%), and Loess sweet potato in Haenam (9.3%).

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2010

Recently, Korean traditional raw rice wines (RRW) have received attention because they are a nutritious food with health properties. But the rapid deterioration of fermented RRW is one of the serious problems for brewing and marketing in the world beyond Korea. The goal of this study was to develop a way to enhance the quality and to lengthen the period of circulation of the RRW. A lactic acid bacterium was isolated from RRW. It was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (98%) based on its biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequence. Treatments of RRW with gamma radiation and green tea extracts reduced the bacterial population except for yeasts and Lactobacillus in the RRW. This result suggested that the natural plant extracts and catechin products can be used as an effective natural storage agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.873-879
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• 2005

This study was investigate to evaluate the phosphate uptake rate of green algae in relation to diurnal rhythm and algae control method. The phosphate uptake rates of Chlorella vulgaris and Ankistrodesmus convolutus increased in light period and decreased in dark period. On the contrary, those of Chlamydomonas sp. showed a peak in the late dark period. The differences among species in phosphate uptake in relation to diurnal rhythm were due to the severe competition among species and seemed to alleviate the competition for nutrient supplies. The compound of CellCaSi, Ca and Fe showed the effective removal of the phosphorus. The extracts from rice and barley straw exhibited a significant effect on the growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.847-852
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• 2011

Green manure crops are mainly used to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. Mixture of green manure crops have beneficial effects in agroecosystem. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of monoculture and mixtures of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) on rice growth and yield in paddy. This experiment was conducted at Sinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) from Oct. 2007 to Oct. 2009 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seeding rates of crimson clover (CC) were consisted of monoculture (CC2, 3, 4 kg and hairy vetch 5 kg $10a^{-1}$) and mixtures (CC 2 + barley 7, CC 3 + barley 7, CC 4 + barley 7, and CC2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$). Seeds were drilled by partial tillage machine on 9th Oct. in 2007. Monoculture and mixture of crimson clover as a green manure crop was incorporated in soil for rice cultivation on 15th May in 2008. Chemical fertilizers had not been applied to monoculture and mixture plots. The biomass and N production of monoculture plots were lower than mixture plots. The biomass and N production of CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot were the highest among mixtures treatments. In rice growing season, ammonium nitrogen concentrations in soil were a little high trends at CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot. And soil bulk density and porosity were improved at mixture plot after rice harvesting. The rice yield of CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot was not significantly different from conventional practice plot. These results indicated that cropping of crimson clover with hairy vetch mixture was better than barley mixture for environmental friendly rice cultivation.