• Advances in environmental research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-41
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• 2021

Kazakhstan's cities experience high concentrations levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), which is well-known for its highly detrimental effect on the human health. A further increase in PM concentrations in the future could lead to a higher air pollution-caused morbidity and mortality, causing an increase in healthcare expenditures by the government. However, to prevent elevated PM concentrations in the future, more stringent standards could be implemented by lowering current maximum allowable PM concentration limit to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s limits. Therefore, this study aims to find out what impact this change in environmental policy towards PM has on state economy in the long run. Future PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using multiple linear regression based on gross regional product (GRP) and population growth parameters. Dose-response model was based on World Health Organization's approach for the identification of mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs due to air pollution. Analysis of concentrations revealed that only 6 out of 21 cities of Kazakhstan did not exceed the EU limit on PM10 concentration. Changing environmental standards resulted in the 71.7% decrease in mortality and 77% decrease in morbidity cases in all cities compared to the case without changes in environmental policy. Moreover, the cost of morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution decreased by $669 million in 2030 and $2183 million in 2050 in case of implementation of OECD standards. Thus, changing environmental regulations will be beneficial in terms of both of mortality reduction and state budget saving.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.50-56
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• 2020

Currently, 3D printing technology is a new revolutionary additive manufacturing process that can be used for making three dimensional solid objects from digital films. In 2019, this 3D printing technology spreading vigorously in production parts (57%), bridge production (39%), tooling, fixtures, jigs (37%), repair, and maintenance (38%). The applications of 3D printing are expanding to the defense, aerospace, medical field, and automobile industry. The raw materials are playing a key role in 3D printing. Various additive materials such as plastics, polymers, resins, steel, and metals are used for 3D printing to create a variety of designs. The main advantage of the green cement for 3D printing is to enhance the mechanical properties, and durability to meet the high-quality material using in construction. There are several advantages with 3D printing is a limited waste generation, eco-friendly process, economy, 20 times faster, and less time-consuming. This research article reveals that the role of green cement as an additive material for 3D printing.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In 2015, the State Council of South Korea finalized its goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by "37% from the business-as-usual (BAU) level" by 2030 across all the economic sectors. Of that reduction, 4.5% will be achieved overseas by leveraging Emission Trading Systems (ETS) aided by international cooperation. In line with this, considering both the demand for and supply of the carbon market increased after the Paris agreement, the importance of public diplomacy in negotiating climate change actions also rose. This study aimed to analyze the impact of international discussions such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on domestic policies and the types of public diplomatic climate change policies pursued by different government agencies, and draw implications from them. This study attempted to find implications from the Korean government's public diplomacy on climate change for developing countries. Lessons learned regarding Korea's public diplomacy would provide a practical guidance to the Asian developing countries, which are suffering from environmental crisis at a phase of rapid economic growth.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Gwangju Metropolitan Government & Ministry of Environment have signed a model city in response to Climate Change agreement. The agreement calls for Gwangju to cut greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 2005 levels by 2015. Gwangju has seen this agreement as an opportunity to cut pollution and conserve the environment as well as to reinvigorate local economy. According to policy of Gwangju, Gwangju held design competition for Gwangju City Arboretum on march, 2009. The purpose of design competition was to give a wide publicity to Gwangju as Hub City of Asian Culture and construct carbon-neutral arboretum in accordance with the policy of 'Low-Carbon and Green Growth'. First of all, a design concept of arboretum is 'winding, round, overlay 'to reflect the landscape of Nam-do which is surrounded by mountains and river flows through the village. Second, the arboretum has five different places with these themes - Forest of Festivals, Health, Nature, Nostalgia, Education and Future. Each place has a symbolic theme park and different flow planning respectively. Third, the most critical point is that the arboretum is a carbon-neutral park. Gwangju arboretum will soon be developed in metropolitan sanitary landfill and constructed as the O2 arboretum based on low carbon strategy. Fourth, the O2 arboretum suggests specialized issue : 'Energy Saving', 'Recycling System', 'Green Network', 'Water System(rainwater maintenance and wetland development)'. Besides, main buildings(greenhouse, visitor center, Nam-do experience exhibition hall, and forest museum) is designed in consideration of harmony with topography character, surroundings. Also, planting will be a multilayer plant based on native landscape trees in consideration of function and the growth characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.201-211
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• 2020

Green/climate technology has been emphasized as a growth engine that can boost the global economy via environmentally friendly products. Recently, SMEs in Korea have been recognized as a critical actor in the globalization of green/climate technologies. However, there has been no survey and few studies on the satisfaction level of the support for the overseas expansion of SMEs in the green/climate technology field. Therefore, this study aims to support a policy for the establishment of SMEs' green/climate technology by investigating and analyzing expert opinions on SMEs. Through a literature survey, support policies were classified into four types, and then according to the types, satisfaction factors and obstacle factors for overseas expansion were derived and analyzed. In the results, the SMEs overall showed low levels of awareness and satisfaction and were found to be struggling due to all obstructive factors. In addition, the most important success factor for overseas expansion was found to be the policy related to funding support. Thus, it is necessary to improve the accessibility, advertisement, and support strategies of support policies, and in particular, appropriate budget allocation should be made available by considering the characteristics of companies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1173-1180
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• 2013

The construction industry has been a major player in Korean economy growth and it has been accountable for more than 15% of GDP during the last decade. However, fast-growing construction industry has also produced some unpleasant side-effects. Environmental problems are identified one of the main issues in the Korean construction industry and they are closely related to minimizing the carbon emission and delivering environmental-friendly green products. The movement of green construction, now, is considered the next driving force for the industry which has significant impacts on the future. This research investigates this green construction while focusing on governmental policy implications such as green certificate for construction products. Green building has long been recognized as the leading green construction product and the green trends have expanded to infrastructure construction such as road construction. Therefore, this research concentrates on various green road certification processes in the United States in order to develop a framework for Korean green road certification. In doing so, some of the green roads application has also been analyzed. This research intends to provide background information for Korean green construction policies, especially on green road certification.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.459-474
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• 2012

Based on the general policy called "Green Growth", the Korean government planed to establish a biomass town in South Korea in order to recover energy from organic waste and to substitute for fossil fuel at rural region. Technical and financial support for the establishment of biomass town was insufficient so far. There are some policies to support biomass town establishment, however financial support from several Korean ministries seemed not to have been used efficiently. Some policies are planned excessively so that they cannot be realized on time. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the status of biomass utilization technology and policy in Japan from the point of view of an external biomass expert, since biomass utilization technology and policy of Japan take good achievement during the many developed countries. For the analyzing of technology and policy in Japan, literatures concerned biomass management policy and biomass town design were collected by visiting Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and interview of public officials in charge was carried out. There are several implications for the promotion of Korean policy concerned with biomass utilization and biomass town establishment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.689-705
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the geographical distribution and the clustering characteristics as an industrial cluster in order to provide alternative fundamental data for the preparation of the policies to facilitate the development of the Green Energy Industry. The main source of the data in this study is the outcome of a survey conducted to the firms and environment specialist from June 21st, 2010 to July 23rd, 2010. The Green Energy related companies in Daegyeong region are clustered around Pohang and Gumi, Gyeongbuk, and Dalseo District of Daegu Metropolitan City. The core element of the sustainability of the Green Energy Industry in the region is the inducement of the large-scale corporate presence in the region as well as the technical and geographical proximity. That is, the fact that there are sister companies established by the large scale corporate Daegyeong region as they have chosen this field for their new drive for growth. The major location factors are proximity, higher quality expectations from the local demands, technical availability, and competition with other companies of the same industry in the region, rather than the availability of the raw material. And the choke points for these companies are the financial support of R&D and the policy support of specialist training. The policy to facilitate the development of the industry in question in Daegyeong region, therefore, should shift from its previous focuses on infrastructure building and taxation benefits to financial supports for the technical research, human resource development in response to the needs of the companies. Also, programs to support the proficiency training for the already-hired work forces and development of new policies for the Green Energy Industry are needed to be introduced for the development of the Green Energy Industry in Daegyeong region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Developed countries in agriculture like Netherlands, Belgium and England, have managed Green Care policy and project during the last decades. The needs in Green Care is also increasing as new growth power in rural area of Korea. This study investigated sites which are already operating as complex with Green Care theme. This study surveyed the operating conditions like type, scale, location pattern, purpose, customer and finance for cases of the complex. The period of the survey is from 2015. 8. 11 to 2015. 09. 10 for the 24 activated cases in aspect of operation and management. Among the 24 cases, 16 cases were classified as Green Care Complex which facilities are aggregated a place, and the other 8 cases as Green Care Cluster which are distributed at several places. The analysis result showed that there were apparent distinction among cases in total budget, costs of construction, capacity for guest, and the total number of annual visitors. Despite of the type and scale the accommodation cost, the number of workers, and amount of sales have small deviation in distribution of values, although the cases have various type of contents and scale of space. The result of this study can be used as data of bench marking to develop the Green Care Complex or Cluster in rural area.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.689-711
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• 2010

This study attempts to find the relationship between achievement of environmental industry and development of financial sector by analyzing cross-sectional data for OECD countries. Development of financial industry has a positive effect on environmental industry. Green financing also affects improvement of environmental quality. Demand for environmental quality is positively influenced by GDP per capita, while financial crisis has a bad effect on environmental performance. Government-led green financing in Korea has a major role in the Korean environmental policy for years. While market-oriented green financing improves the efficiency of regulation, government-led green financing may delay internalization of environmental cost due to its subsidizing effect. Further study should include systematic analysis on the scope of green financing and its qualitative attribute and fundamental causality between green financing and environmental improvement.