• Title/Summary/Keyword: Green Building

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Revised Soil Survey of Yangju City in Gyunggido

  • Hyun, Byung-Keun;Sonn, Yeon-Kyu;Kim, Keun-Tae;Cho, Hyun-Jun;Jung, Sug-Jae;Choi, Jung-Won
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2017
  • Recently, agricultural lands have decreased sharply, which was caused by huge housing site, urbanization, land consolidation, and road construction etc. In particular, Yangju city near Seoul city has the most severe land use change in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practices in this city. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2015) reduced by 12,090 ha compared to ones from the previous year (2014). The paddy field decreased by 25,421 ha but, upland field increased by 13,331 ha. One of the reasons for the reduction of the paddy field was converting paddy field to upland (20,916 ha) > others (3,056) > building (2,571) > public facilities (847) > idle land (217). But, reasons for increase of upland field were switching paddy to upland (20,916 ha) > land developed (634). The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable speciality crops or pulses. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Yangju city reduced by 1,412 ha (2015/2014). The ratio of cropland area in each city reduced by 22.9% dramatically compared 2015 to 1999. The paddy fields located in alluvial plains in Yangju city were changed into upland or green house. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Yangju city. To analyze result of soil survey of Yangju city, 858 soil codes (soil phases) were used and the area was 105.17ha. The number of soil series increased from 60 to 65, and that of soil phase increased from 105 to 124. The largest increased area was Noegog soil series. 125.7ha of Neogog soil series was incorporated from the existing Sachon, Yecheon and Eungog soil series. The soil suitability class of paddy field in Ogjung huge housing site of Yangju city was the 4th grade for 32.6% of the area. The soil suitability classes of upland were 2nd and 3rd grade for 72.4% of the area. Farm land with high quality should be conserved by related law.

Long-term Relative Humidity Changes on High Temperature Days of Major Cities in Korea for the Recent 37 Years (최근 37년간 우리나라 주요도시의 고온일을 대상으로 한 상대습도의 경년변화)

  • Park, Myung-Hee;Lee, Joon-Soo;Suh, Young-Sang;Han, In-Seng;Hae, Hyun-Gun;Kim, Hae-Dong
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.22 no.12
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    • pp.1671-1681
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    • 2013
  • The study selected 10 regions among major Korean cities. Then the study classified the yearly change of relative humidity of those regions for 37 years based on 1996 (from 1974 to 2011) aimed at high temperature days, and examined them by stage regarding daily maximum temperature. For large cities and small cities, in general relative humidity had been likely to increase at high temperatures of $30^{\circ}C$ or over before 1996, whereas it has decreased since 1996. For suburban areas, relative humidity had been prone to diminish before 1996, whereas it has been likely to either increase since 1996 or rarely some of the cities have not shown any change. The increasing tendency of relative humidity before 1996 in large cities and small cities is believed to be because of an increase of the latent heat of vaporization by the supply of steam from cooling towers established in downtown areas. Meanwhile, the decreasing tendency from 1996 is concluded to be caused by the change from counter-current circular cooling towers, which produce a great quantity of steam including arsenic acid, to cross-flow cooling towers, which produce hardly any steam containing arsenic acid. This change was in accordance with the modification and pursuit of an urban planning law that ordered cooling towers that had been installed on rooftops be installed in the basement of buildings in consideration of a "Green network creation" project by the Ministry of Environment, urban beautification, concerns since 1996 over building collapses, and according to an argument that steam containing arsenic acid could be harmful to human health owing to chemicals contained in the water in the cooling tower in summer.

Implementation of AC Direct Driver Circuit for Ultra-slim LED Flat Light System (초슬림 LED 면조명 기구용 교류 직결형 구동 회로 구현)

  • Cho, Myeon-Gyun;Choi, Hyo-Sun;Yoon, Dal-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.9
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    • pp.4177-4185
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    • 2012
  • LEDs are becoming the most suitable candidate replacing traditional fluorescent lamps because of its eco-friendly characteristics. LEDs are also actively used to design green building system and to make outdoor billboard as a back-light system due to its high energy efficiency. In this paper, we have developed AC direct driver for $12{\times}12$ FLB(flexible LED board) and LED flat light without SMPS. It has LID-PC-R101B driver IC that can support the high power factor and be composed of LED switching circuit in group. Also, an elaborate system designs can guarantee a high luminous efficiency, a high reliability and a low power consumption. The proposed FLB has the ultra slim shape of $450{\times}450$ mm, width of 4 mm and weight of 280 g. In the end, we have developed a prototype of FLB for billboard and flat light for room lighting with AC direct driver iposrder to verify the performance of the proposed system.

Study on the Manufacturing Technology of Mural Tomb in Goa-dong of Daegaya Period (대가야 고아동 고분벽화 제작기술에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hwa Soo;Lee, Han Hyeong;Lee, Kyeong Min;Han, Kyeong Soon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.457-466
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    • 2014
  • Rigorous analysis was performed to identify the structure and materials of the murals to study techniques used on mural tombs of ancient Daegaya era(6th century). The murals were painted by applying mortar on the walls and the ceiling after building a stone chamber and creating ground layers on mortar layers. Mud was applied on most of the mortar layers on four sides of the walls except the ceiling. Sand was not used in mortar but was made of materials with pure calcium substances. In addition, shells in irregular sizes with incomplete calcination were mixed; and the mortar's white powder was inferred as lime obtained by calcination of oyster shells. Kaolinite($Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4$) was used in the ground layer, Cinnabar(HgS) was used for red pigment, Malachite($Cu_2CO_3(OH)_2$) for green and Lead white($PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$) for white. Mud plaster was applied on the mortar and was composed thinly and densely using clayey of particle size smaller than that of medium sand. It was assumed that the finishing was for repair after long time had passed since the mortar layer came off. Using lime made with oyster shells as mortar is unprecedented in ancient Korean mural tombs and its durability was very poor, suggesting that Gaya's mortar production technique was relatively behind compared to that of Koguryo's in the same era.

An Analysis of Local Quantity of Carbon Absorption, Fixation and Emission by Using GIS

  • Kim, Hyeon-Tae;Moon, Byeong-Eun;Choi, Eun-Gyu;Kim, Chi-Ho;Ryou, Young-Sun;Kim, Jong-Goo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2014
  • Due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and abnormal weather phenomena it has become important on a national level to keep a count of greenhouse gases being emitted. We want to take advantage of any selected area, as the basic data for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, Forest and Grassland, Paddy fields, and Fields(crops), Greenhouse(crops), Pig farm, Cattle farm, Farm household(populations, agricultural machinery) and Vehicle, the basic building blocks shots with a small amount of per-unit basis, the statistics calculated based on regional carbon emissions through the literature and experimental. Carbon absorption 772,960 ton C/year, amount of fixation 487,477 ton C/year, amount of emission 1,112,607 ton C/year were noted in Gimje-si, and amount of carbon absorption 55,559 ton C/year, amount of fixation 25,864 ton C/year, amount of emissions 58,355 ton C/year in Gongdeok-myeon, respectively. The carbon absorption at Hwangsan-ri is 25,107 ton C/year, fixation 4,301 ton C/year, and emission 20,330 ton C/year respectively. We were able to estimate the amount of carbon according to the specific characteristics of each unit village, then expanding it to a large-scale and comparative analysis, therefore we were able to obtain basic data on the national levels of carbon absorption.

A Study on the Coastal Forest Landscape Management Considering Parallax Effect in Gangneung (패럴랙스 효과를 고려한 강릉 해안림의 경관 관리에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Mi-Ryeong;Kim, Choong-Sik;An, Kyoung-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.18-27
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    • 2012
  • This paper proposes a management method for a coastal black pine forest landscape considering the parallax effect. For the study, 10 coastal black pine forests in Gangneung were investigated about the average width of the coastal forests, the average diameters, and the intervals of the pines. Categorizations were realized for the 3 types of scene(sea, field, mountain, residential area, commercial area), diameter(16cm, 22cm, 28cm) and interval(5m, 7m, 10m) to produce a total of 45 scenic simulations. An investigation was made on the scenic preferences using 45 simulation images with S.D, and Likert Scales. The results were as follows: According the comparison of scenic preferences, natural landscapes(sea, field, and mountain) ranked high among preferences, with fabricated landscapes(residential area, commercial area) ranked low. The highest scenic preferences were shown with the seascape and an interval of 7m between the trees. On the contrary, the interrelationship was very low between the visual quantity of the scenic's elements(green, sky, building, road etc.) and the scenic preferences. As the results of the factor analysis, the 3 sense factors of "Depth(78.0%)" "Diversity(l5.6%)" and "Spatiality(6.4%)" explained coastal scenic preferences. "Spatiality" showed significant differences at intervals of 5~7m, and 10m between trees. This shows coastal forest management based on the interval of 10m standard affecting scenic preference.

A Study on the Changes the Urban Space at Station Influenced Areas by the Open of Incheon Urban Railroad Line 1 (인천광역시 도시철도 1호선 개통에 따른 역세권 도시공간 변화 연구)

  • Ahn, Jung Geun;Park, Man Hee
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.1D
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2011
  • City of Incheon opened rapid transit(urban railroad line 1) in 1999 in order to relieve traffic congestion on major arterials. This research analyzed urban space changes of each station influenced area by examining the changes of residents, industrial employees, and floor area ratios before and after the open of Incheon urban railroad line 1. Analysis of variance was applied to change of station influence area. This research found out that the types of central business and agricultural station influence area had been changed significantly after the open of urban railroad. However, the residential, semi-residential, and suburban type of station influence area had not been changed after the open of urban railroad. Thus, it is necessary to provide diverse facilities for inducing residents and employees to the station influence area of residential and semi-residential. Furthermore, the suburban type of station influence area which is difficult to develop naturally by the law of Green Belt is needed to develop station influence area simultaneously with the construction of a station building.

A Review on Applicability of Sustainable City Index - Focusing on GCI, EPI and CBI - (지속가능한 도시평가지표의 적용 가능성 검토 - GCI, EPI, CBI를 중심으로 -)

  • Yun, Hyerngdu;Park, Jinyoung;Choi, Taebong;Choi, Intae;Noh, Taihwan;Han, Bongho;Kim, Myungjin
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.593-606
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    • 2015
  • This study was intended to develop Korean Environmental Sustainable City Index (ESCI) so that local governments can examine and identify urban environment issues and then come up with a policy to improve the environment and urban biodiversity for cities. Green City Index (GCI), Environmental Performance Index (EPI), and City Biodiversity Index (CBI) which have used worldwide were analyzed. Based on the result of analysis, evaluation indicators of ESCI were finally a total of 20 indicators under four categories, which are native biodiversity, living environment, ecosystem services, and governance and management. Then, five cities with biotope mapping and evaluation index were selected to apply ESCI for evaluation. In order to apply ESCI, local governments need to accumulate basic data. There should be a policy which requires local governments to build data for biotope mapping so that the rate of natural area, ecological network and permeable land surface can be evaluated. Indicators must be applied to be compliant with scale of the city and level of data building gradually.

A Demand forecasting for Electric vehicles using Choice Based Multigeneration Diffusion Model (선택기반 다세대 확산모형을 이용한 전기자동차 수요예측 방법론 개발)

  • Chae, Ah-Rom;Kim, Won-Kyu;Kim, Sung-Hyun;Kim, Byung-Jong
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.113-123
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    • 2011
  • Recently, the global warming problem has arised around world, many nations has set up a various regulations for decreasing $CO_2$. In particular, $CO_2$ emissions reduction effect is very powerful in transport part, so there is a rising interest about development of green car, or electric vehicle in auto industry. For this reason, it is important to make a strategy for charging infra and forcast electric power demand, but it hasn't introduced about demand forecasting electric vehicle. Thus, this paper presents a demand forecasting for electric vehicles using choice based multigeneration diffusion model. In this paper, it estimates innovation coefficient, immitation coefficient in Bass model by using hybrid car market data and forecast electric vehicle market by year using potential demand market through SP(Stated Preference) experiment. Also, It facilitates more accurate demand forecasting electric vehicle market refelcting multigeneration diffusion model in accordance with attribute progress in development of electric vehicle. Through demand forecasting methodology in this paper, it can be utilized power supply and building a charging infra in the future.

Evaluating Objective Landscape of Rural Region Using Additive Integration Index Calculation Model - Focused on Seondong Region, Gochang-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do, Korea - (가법형 통합지수 산정모형을 이용한 농촌지역의 객관적 경관 평가 - 전북 고창선동권역을 대상으로 -)

  • Ban, Yong-Un;Lee, Yong-Hoon;Na, Sang-Il;Youn, Joong-Shuk;Baek, Jong-In
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.69-81
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    • 2009
  • This study was intended to evaluate the objective landscape of rural region using an additive integration index method in the Seondong region of Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. This study consisted of the following three steps. First, this study developed an additive integration index calculation model for landscape assessment based on indicators and weight to each space type in accordance with three landscape fields which were developed by the expert Delphi method. Second, this study used NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and permeable area rate, which were available from high resolution satellite image, to calculate the green naturality degree, area rate, and building coverage respectively. Third, this study has calculated the landscape assessment index of rural regions using an additive integration index method made of assessment data and weight for each indicator. This study has found the following results: 1) landscape level was very poor in all 6 types of space, marking grade five; 2) while the highest level of natural landscape and mixed landscape was grade two, that of artificial landscape was grade five; 3) based on objective landscape, grade five showed the highest frequency, and grade one, two, three, and four followed in that order.