• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1991

The aims of this study were to investigate the feasivility of analyzing a few sorting factors such as size, coloration and defect of apples with a monochrome image processing system and to find apparent properties which could be effectively used for apple sorting. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A computer program was made to analyze the projection area, coloration and defect of an apple with a monochrome image processing system. 2. The algorithm developed to compute the projedtion area of an apple was between on the proportional relation between a given reference area and the corresponding number of pixels, and the computing time was 0.74 to 0.82 second depending on the size of apple. 3. The coloration of an apple was expressed as the ratio of the gray value of a reference color to that of a given bounded area of the stem end surface (defined as coloration index), and the computing time was about 3.0 seconds with this algorithm. 4. Defect of an apple could be isolated by lowpass filtering and image subtraction but it took about 20 seconds in computing time. 5. The coloration of the Fuji apple could be classified into 3 to 4 groups by the coloration index and also, it was found that the correlation coefficient between the indices and sugar contents was 0.74. 6. The coloration index obtained from a given bounded area of the stem end side of the Fuji apple could represent the coloration of total surface with a correlation coefficient of 0.922.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2001

Although many kinds of stereo matching method have been developed in the field of computer vision and photogrammetry, wrong matches are not easy to avoid. This paper presents a new method to reduce wrong matches after matching, and experimental results are reported. The main idea is to analyze the histogram of the image attribute differences between each pair of image patches matched. Typical image attributes of image patch are the mean and the standard deviation of gray value for each image patch, but there could be other kinds of image attributes. Another idea is to check relative position among potential matches. This paper proposes to use Gaussian blunder filter to detect the suspicious pair of candidate match in relative position among neighboring candidate matches. If the suspicious candidate matches in image attribute difference or relative position are suppressed, then many wrong matches are removed, but minimizing the suppression of good matches. The proposed method is easy to implement, and also has potential to be applied as post processing after image matching for many kinds of matching methods such as area based matching, feature matching, relaxation matching, dynamic programming, and multi-channel image matching. Results show that the proposed method produces fewer wrong matches than before.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2009

본 논문은 좀 더 세밀한 얼굴의 특징점을 검출하기 위하여 계곡에너지[1]를 확장한 확장형 계곡에너지 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 계곡에너지는 먼저 화소간의 밝기의 차이를 측정하는 계곡 마스크의 크기를 고정시키지 않고 가변의 형태로 구성하였다. 다음으로 여러 마스크에 따라 발생된 서로 다른 값들을 누적시킴으로써 계곡에너지의 특징점의 정보를 다양화시켰다. 결국 환경변화에 보다 유연한 계곡에너지를 구할 수 있었다. 제안한 알고리즘을 검증하기 위하여 많은 영상에 적용하여 실험한 결과 98% 이상의 얼굴특징 영역을 추출할 수 있었다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.375-387
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluated experimental tooth root resorption for digital radiography. For this study, experimentally three root sites were used, and radiograms were taken with standardized apparatus. Digital imaging system were consisted of NEC PC-980l(computer), TRINITRON(monitor), SONY XC-711 CCD camera. The display monitor had a resolution of 512X512 pixels. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the difference of the four X-ray film of the contrast correction, the contrast difference was one gray scale variation at mean value. 2. Viewing of the view box of the periapical radiographs, experimental tooth root resorption of the periapical area of the first premolar, middle of mesial surface of the first molar mesial root, middle of lingual surface of the first molar distal root were recognized by increased diameter. 3. On the analysis by histogram, the periapical area of the first premolar, the middle of mesial surface of the first molar mesial root were each recognized tooth root resorption of the 5,6,7 pixel, 2,4,5 pixel by increased diameter. 4. On the analysis by histogram, the middle of lingual surface of the first molar distal root was each recognized tooth root resorption of the none, 3,6 pixel by increased diameter.

• 복식
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2004

Since around 1990. some experimental and shocking ugliness images have been expressed in Fashion and Make-up as well as Fine arts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends of ugliness images expressed in Modern Make-up from 1995 to 2003, especially focusing on color, and to enlarge the expressions through formative elements and to anticipate the prospect of Make-up in the future. Ugliness is the most negative aesthetic value which is lack of beauty. The 20 century art trends representing the ugly shape have been distorted or deformed or destroyed and extremely exaggerated with yellow, red, black, blue, white, green. The image and color of ugliness can be summarized as historical, avant-garde, decadence, de-constructive, humorous, futuristic trend and Most of colors are the achromatic ones like black, white, dark gray and red. blue, dark brown and so on. These colors cause some negative attributes such as fear. anger, death, devil, Pain, bad, ill omen, sorrow, despair and the like. At the turning Point in 21C are to be extended the range of color according to the experimental attempts such as informal, collage, graphic and the forth. Lastly, The characteristics of ugliness images expressed in the color of Modern Make-up have been analyzed into formlessness and inaccuracy and deformation by Karl Rosenkranz＇s theory.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권11호
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 1995

In this study, we have developed a prototype of the automatic defects detection system for capsule inspection using the computer vision techniques. The subjects for inspection are empty hard capsules of various sizes which are made of gelatine. To inspect both sides of a capsule, 2-stage recognition is performed. Features we have used are various lengths of a capsule, area, linearity, symmetricity, head curvature and so on. Decision making is performed based on average value which is computed from 20 good capsules in training and permission bounds in factories. Most of time-consuming process for feature extraction is computed by hardware to meet the inspection speed of more than 20 capsules/sec. The main logic for control and arithmetic computation is implemented using EPLD for the sake of easy change of design and reduction in time for developement. As a result of experiment, defects on size or contour of binary images are detected over 95%. Because of dead zone in imaging system, detection ratio of defects on surface, such as bad joint, chip, speck, etc, is lower than the former case. In this case, detection ratio is 50-85%. Defects such as collet pinch and mashed cap/body seldom appear in binary image, and detection ratio is very low. So we have to process the gray-level image directly in partial region.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.164-168
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• 1994

Single serologic tests may occasionally influence clinicians in making diagnoses. The antistreptolysin O (ASO) test is a frequently used tool for detecting recent Streptococcus pyogenes infection and is helpful in the diagnosis of diseases like rheumatic fever. Using data from a 1989 prospective study of 600 healthy male military recruits, in which 43% experienced S. pyogenes upper respiratory tract infection (2-dilution rise in ASO), this report compared two methods of interpreting a single ASO titer. Using the 'upper limit of normal' (80 percentile) method, recruits with an ASO titer of greater than 400 showed evidence of recent S. pyogenes infection. This method had a sensitivity and specificity of only 65.9 and 81.9% respectively. In contrast to the 'yes-no'. dichotomy of the 'upper limit of normal' method. the likelihood ratio method statistics were ASO value specific, more consistent with clinical judgment, and better emphasized the caution clinicians must use in interpreting a single ASO test.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.313-316
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• 2002

이동 물체의 이동 거리 추적이나 대상 물체의 인식과 판별 물체의 특징 추출과 같은 응용분야에서 컴퓨터(Computer)와 비젼시스템(vision system)을 이용한 영상 데이터 처리 분야에 대한 이용률이 증가하면서, 그에 따른 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 CCD 카메라(Charge-Couple Device Camera)로부터 입력된 그레이 레벨(Gray Level)의 영상을 입력받아 처리과정을 거쳐 위치정보를 전송하는 과정에서 정확한 정보를 얻기 위한 전처리 과정 방법을 제안하고, 실제 시스템에 적용한 결과를 제시한다. 여기서 영상의 전처리 과정 중 입력 영상에서 불필요한 부분을 제거하거나, 배경과 대상물의 분리, 내포된 잡음을 없애기 위하여 흔히 이진화 방법을 많이 사용한다 특히 이진화 과정에서 그레이 레벨의 입력영상에서 히스토그램(histogram) 정보를 이용하여 영상의 이진화시의 임계값을 찾는 것은 아주 중요한 요인이다 따라서 본 논문에서는 신경회로망을 이용하여 실시간으로 CCD 카메라를 통하여 입력되는 그레이 레벨의 입력 영상에 대하여 동적으로 적당한 임계값을 .찾는 방법을 제안하고자한다. 또한 제안한 신경회로망을 이용한 임계값 추출 알고리즘(algorithms)을 구현한 시스템(system)에 적용하여 일반적인 방법과 비교 검토하고 응용 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

This study comparatively analyzed thermal characteristics of the green color, which is currently used the most, and other various colors of a rooftop urethane water proofing sheet. This study also analyzed the cooling performance by color of the water proofing sheet that fused cooling paints, and presented the effective water proofing sheet color for building energy savings. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The value of L (brightness) diminished, and brilliance also became lower from the white color to the black color, and thus, it was confirmed that relatively more heat was absorbed. In a and b chromaticity, which is the color attribute that ignores brightness, no special relationship was identified. (2) Considering that the cooling performance effect is bigger in summer than winter, due to heat reflection, the white water proofing sheet is more effective in building energy savings than the green water proofing sheet that is currently used the most. (3) The water proofing sheet's color has an impact more on cooling performance than the color of the background side of a structure on which water proofing sheet is installed. The experiment object of gray, of which background side is similar to cement mortar, was lower by $5.7^{\circ}C$ than the white background side.

• 센서학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.376-384
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 에지 영역을 보상한 원격 센싱된 인공위성 화상의 부호화 기법을 제안하였다. 이 기법에서는 인공위성 화상데이타의 분광적 반사 특성에 따라 각 화소벡터를 분류한 후, 각 분류영역에 대하여 대역내 및 대역간 중복성을 각간 제거하기 위하여 분류영역별 대역내 벡터양자화 및 분류영역별 대역간 예측을 행한다. 에지영역의 경우에 주변블럭의 영역정보 및 양자화된 기준대역의 화소값을 이용하여 에지영역을 보상한다. 그후, 대역간 중복성을 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 보상된 영역정보를 이용하여 분류영역별 대역간 예측을 행한다. 실제 LANDSAT-TM 인공위성 화상데이타에 대한 실험을 통하여 제안한 기법의 부호화 효율이 기존의 기법에 비하여 우수함을 확인하였다.