• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.77-80
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• 2000

In this paper, we present a new automatic thresholding algorithm based on maximum entropy of two-dimensional pixel histogram. While most of the previous algorithms select thresholds depending only on the histogram of gray level itself in the image, the presented algorithm considers 2D relational histogram of gray levels of two adjacent pixels in the image. Thus, the new algorithm tends to leave salient edge features on the image after thresholding. The experimental results show the good performance of the presented algorithm.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.327-331
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 영상에 대한 선명도를 측정하기 위한 또 다른 방법을 제시하였으며 기존의 필터링을 통한 이미지 선명화 측정과 달리 간단한 히스토그램을 가지고 수식으로 유도해 보았다. 히스토그램의 많은 정보 중에 다이나믹 레인지와 gray level, 각 level의 정도 곡선이 사용 되었으며 log scale로 그 범위를 한정 시켜 주었다. 그 결과 어느 정도 타당한 결과 값이 나왔으며, 이 결과를 토대로 HP, LP에 의한 필터링 방법 외에 또 다른 방법의 가능성을 제시한다.Q

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2007

Otsu의 임계값 결정법을 포함한 기존의 임계값 결정 기법은 그레이 레벨 빈도수 히스토그램 정보를 이용하여 임계값을 결정한다. 그러나 빈도수 히스토그램은 입력 영상에서 그레이 레벨 빈도수 정보만을 재구성한 것이므로, 입력 영상의 그레이 레벨의 분포 및 그레이 레벨간의 관계성을 포함하지 않는다. 따라서 임계값 결정에 있어서 영상의 정보를 충분히 반영하지 못하여 때때로 부적절한 임계값을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 빈도수 정보뿐만 아니라 그레이 레벨간의 상관관계함수를 정의하고, 정의된 상관관계함수를 이용하여 공간적 상관관계 정보 추출 및 추출된 정보로부터 임계값을 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법의 타당성을 빈도수 히스토그램에 기반한 Otsu의 임계값 결정법과의 비교 실험을 통하여 보인다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2003

대부분의 영상 임계화 방법들은 그레이 레벨의 히스토그램 함수를 이용하여 임계값을 설정한다. 본 논문에서는 히스토그램을 이용하는 기존의 영상 임계화 방법들의 단점을 간단하면서 효율적으로 보여주는 예제를 제시한다. 이러한 기존의 임계화 방법들의 단점을 개선하기 위해 그레이 레벨의 분포를 기반으로 하는 새로운 그레이 레벨 임계값 설정방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로, 여러 가지 예제를 통해 제안된 임계값 설정 방법의 효율성을 보인다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권5호통권98호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1999

Applications of thresholding technique are based on the assumption that object and background pixels in a digital image can be distinguished by their gray level values. For the segmentation of more complex images, it is necessary to resort to multiple threshold selection techniques. This paper describes a new method for multiple threshold selection of gray level images which are not clearly distinguishable from the background. The proposed method consists of three main stages. In the first stage, a probability distribution function for a gray level histogram of an image is derived. Cluster points are defined according to the probability distribution function. In the second stage, fuzzy partition matrix of the probability distribution function is generated through the fuzzy clustering process. Finally, elements of the fuzzy partition matrix are classified as clusters according to gray level values by using max-membership method. Boundary values of classified clusters are selected as multiple threshold. In order to verify the performance of the developed algorithm, automatic inspection process of ball grid array is presented.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2014

This paper proposes a method that reduces the flickering effect caused by A-GLG (Adaptive Gray-Level Grouping) during video contrast enhancement. Of the GLG series, A-GLG shows the best contrast enhancement performance. The GLG series is based on histogram grouping. Histogram grouping is calculated differently between the continuous frames with a similar histogram and causes a subtle change in the transformation function. This is the reason for flickering effect when the video contrast is enhanced by A-GLG. To reduce the flickering effect caused by A-GLG, the proposed method calculates a modified transformation function. The modified transformation function is calculated using a previous and current transformation function applied with a weight separately. The proposed method was compared with A-GLG for flickering effect reduction and video contrast enhancement. Through the experimental results, the proposed method showed not only a reduced flickering effect, but also video contrast enhancement.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.568-572
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• 2007

This study was carried out to show at the fractal analysis complements the practical disadvantage of gray level histogram which is designed to measure the quantitative classification of echo patterns in ultrasonographic image of parenchymal organs such as spleen and kidney and it is a practical method of measurement for quantitative classification. By using ultrasonographs, kidney and spleen of 21 healthy Beagles were fixed under different gain settings to be scanned for echo patterns and results were analyzed with body gray level histogram and fractal analysis. Then it was compared based on the statistical data obtained. Although there was a proportionate increase in histogram along with gain settings, there were consistencies in the fractal dimension. In terms of quantitative analysis in ultrasonographic images, fractal analysis is concluded to complement the practical disadvantage of gray level histogram.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.918-928
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• 1998

The present study was done with two aims. First, to evaluate the radiographic measurements of liver volumes in normal and hepatomegaly dogs induced by carbon tetrachloride. Second, to investigate quantitative tissue echo pattern by ultrasonography. Gray level histogram of the normal liver and the kidney were estimated with carbon tetra-chloride intoxication. In normal, r-square for liver volume to body weight was 0.93372, and this showed direct linear regression. Gray level histograms of the normal liver and the kidney were $19.150{\pm}2.490$(mean${\pm}$SD) and $13.175{\pm}2.686$(mean${\pm}$SD) respectively(p < 0.01). Liver parenchymal echogenicity was more hyperechogenic than kidney cortex echogenicity. Liver/Kidney ratio was $1.504{\pm}0.313$ and it can be used relative comparison of liver and kidney parenchymal echogenicity. In carbon-tetrachloride($CCl_4$) intoxication, changes of liver volume appeared to increase up to 24 hours after administration (p < 0.05), and decreased gradually to normal level after 2~5 days. Gray level histogram of liver parenchyma decreased up to 24hours (p < 0.01) after intoxication and then gradually increased to normal level. But that of kidney cortex had no significant change. Liver/Kidney ratio also decreased by 2 days(p < 0.01) and then gradually increased to normal level. On histopathologic features of hepatic tissues in carbon tetrachloride intoxication, both coagulative necrosis of hepatic cell and hemorrhage of centrilobular & midzonal area were identified. Conclusively, plain radiography is a useful diagnostic method for evaluating liver volume in mild hepatomegaly. Especially, it is considered that an adequate numerical processing of the liver length, depth and thoracic width and depth measurement would be helpful. Using gray level histogram, ultrasonographic evaluation was useful objective methods in early diagnosis of diffuse hepatic disease.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.867-871
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• 2004

In this paper, a new analytic approach for shape preserving contrast enhancement is presented. Contrast enhancement is achieved by means of segmental histogram stretching modification which preserves the given image shape, not distorting the original shape. After global stretching, the image is partitioned into several level-sets according to threshold condition. The image information of each level-set is represented as typical value based on grouped differential values. The basic property is modified into common local schemes, thereby introducing the enhanced effect through extreme discrimination between subsets. The scheme is based on stretching the histogram of subsets in which the intensity gray levels between connected pixels are approximately same In spite of histogram widening, stretched by local image information, it neither creates nor destroys the original image, thereby preserving image shape and enhancing the contrast. By designing local histogram stretching operations, we can preserve the original shape of level-sets of the image, and also enhance the global intensity. Thus it can hold the main properties of both global and local image schemes, which leads to versatile applications in the field of digital epigraphy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.488-491
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• 1987

In this paper. a heuristic multi-thresholding algorithm is proposed to extract objects from background. Specifically the proposed algorithm finds out multi valleys from gray level histogram automatically and non-recursively. Some experimental result for various types of image. are presented, to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.