• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2012

In this work, the reduced graphene nanosheets were synthesized from pre-exfoliated graphite flakes. The pristine graphite flakes were firstly pre-exfoliated to graphite nanoplatelets in the presence of acetic acid. The obtained graphite nanoplatelets were treated by Hummer's method to produce graphite oxide sheets and were finally exfoliated to graphene nanosheets by ultrasonication and reduction processes. The prepared graphene nanosheets were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the results, it was found that the preexfoliation process showed significant influence on preparation of graphite oxide sheets and graphene nanosheets. The prepared graphene nanosheets were applied to the preparation of conductive materials, which yielded a greatly improved electrical resistance of $200{\Omega}/sq$.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2018

This paper discusses a study of cement mortar reinforced with Graphene Oxide (GO) flakes carried out at the University of Plymouth. Over 60 specimens were prepared and tested to obtain the tensile, compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar with/without 0.5% GO flakes by weight of cement. The dispersion of the GO flakes and the effect of the use of polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer (0.2% by weight of cement) on the material strength are discussed. Images of the particle sizes of GO are presented from the transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition, the images from the field emission scanning electron microscope analysis are also presented to show the difference of the microscopic structure of cement mortar with/without GO. The results of the strength tests are presented. It is shown that the inclusion of the GO flakes in general led to positive results, which suggest that GO improved the tensile, compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2021

일반적으로 그래핀 플레이크는 산화그래핀을 화학적 또는 열적 환원 공정을 통해 환원그래핀으로 변환하여 대량 생산하고 있다. 그래핀 플레이크는 다양한 형태로 응용되는데, 그 중 진공여과를 이용한 적층 공정을 통해 종이형 필름으로 제작이 가능하다. 그래핀 종이는 신축성이 부족한 단점이 있어 신축성 소자 응용에 제약이 있다. 본 연구에서는 신축성이 있는 그래핀 종이를 제작하기 위하여, 그래핀 종이에 주름을 만들었다. 신축성이 뛰어난 접착 필름을 미리 늘린 후, 그 위에 그래핀 종이를 붙이고, 접착 필름을 원래 상태로 놓아 주어 그래핀 종이에 주름을 만들었다. 이 때, 접착 필름에 가하는 당김 정도 및 젖은 상태에 따라 주름의 형상이 변하는 것을 실험적으로 관찰하였다. 특히, 그래핀 종이와 접착 필름의 전단 탄성 계수 차에 의하여 주름의 주기가 바뀌는 현상을 관찰하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.232.2-232.2
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• 2014

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene, a sp2-hybridized 2-Dimension carbon material, has drawn enormous attention. A variety of approaches have been attempted, such as epitaxial growth from silicon carbide, chemical reduction of graphene oxide and CVD. Among these approaches, the CVD process takes great attention due to its guarantee of high quality and large scale with high yield on various transition metals. After synthesis of graphene on metal substrate, the subsequent transfer process is needed to transfer graphene onto various target substrates, such as bubbling transfer, renewable epoxy transfer and wet etching transfer. However, those transfer processes are hard to control and inevitably induce defects to graphene film. Especially for wet etching transfer, the metal substrate is totally etched away, which is horrendous resources wasting, time consuming, and unsuitable for industry production. Thus, our group develops one-step process to directly grow graphene on glass substrate in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Copper foil is used as catalyst to enhance the growth of graphene, as well as a temperature shield to provide relatively low temperature to glass substrate. The effect of growth time is reported that longer growth time will provide lower sheet resistance and higher VSG flakes. The VSG with conductivity of $800{\Omega}/sq$ and thickness of 270 nm grown on glass substrate can be obtained under 12 min growing time. The morphology is clearly showed by SEM image and Raman spectra that VSG film is composed of base layer of amorphous carbon and vertically arranged graphene flakes.

• Carbon letters
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• 제24권
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

We studied the basic properties and fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared using eco-friendly reduction agents in the graphene solution process. Hydrazine is generally used to reduce graphene oxide (GO), which results in polluting emissions as well as fixed nitrogen functional groups on different defects in the graphene sheets. To replace hydrazine, we developed eco-friendly reduction agents with similar or better reducing properties, and selected of them for further analysis. In this study, GO layers were produced from graphite flakes using a modified Hummer's method, and rGO layers were reduced using hydrazine hydrate, L-ascorbic acid, and gluconic acid. We measured the particle sizes and the dispersion stabilities in the rGO dispersed solvents for the three agents and analyzed the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the rGO films. The results showed that the degree of reduction was in the order L-ascorbic acid ${\geq}$ hydrazine > glucose. GO reduced using L-ascorbic acid had a sheet resistance of $121k{\Omega}/sq$, while that reduced using gluconic acid showed worse electrical properties than the other two reduction agents. Therefore, L-ascorbic acid is the most suitable eco-friendly reduction agent that can be substituted for hydrazine.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2012

폴리(메틸메타크릴레이트)(PMMA) 매트릭스를 갖는 인조대리석의 기계적 강도를 향상시키기 위해 그래핀 산화물 플레이크(GOF)를 충전제로 사용하여 나노컴포지트를 제조하였다. 충전제로 사용한 GOF는 흑연을 Hummers법으로 산화한 후 열처리에 의해 박리시켜 제조하였다. PMMA 매트릭스와의 계면혼화성을 향상시키기 위하여 다양한 산소:불소 조성의 함산소불소화 처리로 GOF 계면을 개질시켰다. 산소함량 50% 이상에서 함산소불소화 처리한 GOF를 충전제로 사용한 나노컴포지트는 기존 인조대리석에 비해 굴곡강도, 굴곡탄성률, Rockwell경도, Barcol경도, Izod충격강도 모두 현저히 증가하였다. 적절히 함산소불소화 처리된 GOF는 PMMA 매트릭스와의 계면접착력이 우수함을 파단면의 모폴로지로부터 확인하였다. 하지만 GOF 충전제의 함량이 0.07 phr 이상으로 증가하면 충전제의 분산이 균일하지 못하여 인조대리석의 기계적 강도는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.278.1-278.1
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• 2013

Among the prerequisites for stable neural interfacing are the long-term stability of electrical performance of and the excellent biocompatibility of conducting materials in implantable neural electrodes. Reduced graphene oxide offers a great potential for a variety of biomedical applications including biosensors and, particularly, neural interfaces due to its superb material properties such as high electrical conductivity, decent optical transparency, facile processibility, and etc. Nonetheless, there have been few systematic studies on the graphene-based neural interfaces in terms of biocompatibility of electrode materials and long term stability in electrical characteristics. In this research, we prepared the primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons directly on reduced graphene oxide films which is chosen as a model electrode material for the neural electrode. We observed that the viability of primary neuronal culture on the present structure is minimally affected by nanoscale graphene flakes below. These results implicate that the multilayer films of reduced graphene oxides can be utilized for the next-generation neural interfaces with decent biocompatibility and outstanding electrical performance.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2017

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been studied widely owing to their outstanding properties since monolayer graphene was isolated in 2004. Especially, among 2D materials, phosphorene, a single atomic layer of black phosphorus (BP), has been highlighted for its electrical properties. This material can serve as a substitute for graphene, which has been revealed as a "semi-metal", in next-generation semiconductors. However, few-layer BP is prone to degradation under ambient conditions owing to its reactivity with oxygen and water, which results in the condensation of water droplets on the surface of the BP flakes. This causes charge transfer from the phosphorus atom to oxygen, resulting in the formation of phosphoric acid (oxide) and degrades the various properties of BP. Therefore, it is necessary to find passivation methods to prevent BP flakes from being degraded under ambient conditions. This review article deals with recent studies on passivation methods for BP and their performance against oxygen and water, effects on the electrical properties of BP, and the extent to how they protect BP.

• Carbon letters
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• 제26권
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

Morphological differences in multi-layered graphene flakes or graphene nanoplatelets prepared by oxidative (rGO-NP, reduced graphene oxide-nanoplatelets) and non-oxidative (GIC-NP, graphite intercalation compound-nanoplatelets) routes were investigated with various analytical methods. Both types of NPs have similar specific surface areas but very different structural differences. Therefore, this study proposes an effective and simple method to identify structural differences in graphene-like allotropes. The adsorptive potential peaks of rGO-NP attained by the density functional theory method were found to be more scattered over the basal and non-basal regions than those of GIC-NP. Raman spectra and high resolution TEM images showed more distinctive crystallographic defects in the rGO-NP than in the GIC-NP. Because the R-ratio values of the edge and basal plane of the sample were maintained and relatively similar in the rGO-NP (0.944 for edge & 1.026 for basal), the discrepancy between those values in the GIC-NP were found to be much greater (0.918 for edge & 0.164 for basal). The electrical conductivity results showed a remarkable gap between the rGO-NP and GIC-NP attributed to their inherent morphological and crystallographic properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1973-1978
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• 2014

Here, we present a facile method to synthesize Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene composite materials (Pt/G) via vacuum filtration. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates were used to separate Pt/G composite and liquid phase. This method can be used to easily tune the mass ratio of Pt NPs and graphene. Pt NPs, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as building blocks were characterized by a variety of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We compared the electrocatalytic activities of Pt/G with Pt NP and CNT films (Pt/CNT) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO oxidation, and methanol oxidation. Pt/G was much more stable than pure Pt films. Also, Pt/G had better electrochemical activity, CO tolerance and methanol oxidation than Pt/CNT loaded with the same amount of Pt NPs due to the better dispersion of Pt NPs on graphene flakes without aggregation. We further synthesized Au@Pt disk/G and Pt nanorods/G to determine if our synthetic method can be applied to other NP shapes such as nanodisks and nanorods, for further electrocatalysis studies.