• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.98-108
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and dysmenorrhea, history of gynecological disease, heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From May 1st 2011 to July 10th 2011, a total of 40 female subjects (age 20-39) were recruited. We evaluated the menstruation condition by questionnaires including VAS(Visual Analog Scale), VRS(Verbal Rating Scale) and MVRS (Multidimensional Verbal Rating Scale), also measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio according to menstruation cycle, duration, amount, color, and blood clot. 2. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, VRS, MVRS mean scores between normal group and abnormal group according to granulocyte/ lymphocyte ratio. 3. The past prevalence of gynecological disease of abnormal group showed significantly higher compared with that of normal group($x^2$=6.578, p=0.010). 4. LF/HF ratio and granulocyte ratio significantly showed positive correlation ($r_s$=0.311 p=0.048) and LF/HF ratio and lymphocyte ratio significantly showed negative correlation($r_s$=-0.319 p=0.045). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the gynecologic diseases are related to disorder of autonomic nervous system, but not dysmenorrhea. And the balance state of sympathetic/parasympathetic nerve infered through granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV seems to be consistent. However, reconfirmation through further studies is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of menopausal symptom and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From 11th April 2011 to 20th May 2011, a total 30 female subjects (age 41-60) was recruited. We evaluated the degree of menopausal symptoms by Kupperman' s index and measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test using SPSS/PC ver 13.0 program. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV among 4 classified groups according to Kupperman's index.- Mild, Moderate, Severe and Urgent. 2. Granulocyte ratio and general symptom score(within Kupperman's index) significantly showed negative correlation coefficient(r=-0.499, p=0.005), and Lymphocyte ratio and general symptom score significantly showed positive correlation coefficient (r=0.374, p=0.042). 3. Granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV showed no significant correlation. Conclusions: There was no significant relation among the degree of menopausal symptoms and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and HRV. But furthermore large scale study is required.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.82-93
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between peripheral blood leukocyte differential - Granulocyte rate, Lymphocyte rate and its calculated Granulocyte/Lymphocyte ratio - and the obstetric variables. Methods: From 270 cases of women who were in the postpartum care center attached to Won-Kwang Korean Medical Hospital, 36 cases met exclusion criteria. On the obstetric variables of 234 cases, peripheral blood leukocyte differential - Granulocyte rate, Lymphocyte rate and its calculated Granulocyte/Lymphocyte ratio - was analyzed. In the postpartum care center, the obstetric variables were asked of 234 cases of women, and who measured leukocyte differential. Results: Mean granulocyte rate and lymphocyte rate of peripheral blood leukocyte differential showed statistically significant difference from those in healthy people and was high. There was statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio according to mood of delivery, parity and period passed from childbirth. But whether postpartum women with anemia or not, maternal age and gender of neonate were not associated with granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and which was not significantly correlated with gestational age and neonatal birth weight. Conclusions: These findings suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system in postpartum women is higher than in healthy people. And granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio was influenced by mood of delivery, parity and period passed from childbirth. In future, more studies or surveys, with less bias, for the relation between peripheral blood leukocyte differential and the obstetric variables are required.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 1996

Purpose : To evaluate the changes of differential counts and lymphocyte subsets in cancer patients' leukocyte before and after radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : From Dec. 1994 to Mar 1995, the changes of leukocyte and its subsets in 16 patients who received radiotherapy in the Dept. of Radiation Oncology of Dong-A University Hospital were investigated. Radiation was delivered from 2700 cGy to 6660 cGy with median dose of 5400 cGy. The results of pre- and Post-radiotherapy were analyzed by paired T-test. The results of patients Who received < 50 Gy and $\geq$ 50 Gy were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results : Before and after radiotherapy, there was not any significant differences in the counts of leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte. A remarkable decrease was noted in lymphocyte counts after radiotherapy(p=0.015). T cells, B cells and natural killer cells were also decreased in number after radiotherapy but it was not significant statistically. 1 helper cells and T suppressor cells were also decreased in number(p>0.05). The ratio of T helper/suppressor cell was decreased from 1.52 to 1, 11 and it was significant statistically(p=0.016). The portion of T suppressor cell among all T cells was increased after radiotherapy (p=0.0195). No significant difference was observed in the analysis of leukocyte and its subsets between patients who received < 50 Gy and $\geq$ 50 Gy, Conclusion : Radiotherapy caused remarkable decrease in lymphocyte count and its subsets. Among all lymphocyte subsets, T helper cell might be the most vulnerable to radiation, considering decreased ratio of T helper/suppressor cell count after radiotherapy.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

In recent years, global warming is causing dramatic environmental changes and deterioration, such as hypoxia, leading to reduced survival rate and growth performance of farmed aquatic animals. Hence, understanding systemic immuno-physiological changes in fish under environmental stress might be important to maximize aquaculture production. In this study, we investigated physiological changes in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxic stress by monitoring changes in blood chemistry, leukocyte population, and expression levels of related cytokine genes. Hematological and serological factors were evaluated in blood obtained from rainbow trout sampled at a dissolved level of 4.6 mg O₂ L^-1 and 2.1 mg O₂ L^-1. Blood and head kidney tissue obtained at each sampling time point were used to determine erythrocyte size, leukocyte population, and cytokine gene expression. The level of LDH and GPT in fish under progressive hypoxia were significantly increased in plasma. Likewise, the (Granulocyte + Macrophage)/lymphocyte ratio (%) of fish exposed to hypoxia was significantly lower than that in fish in the control group. Such changes might be due to the rapid movement of lymphocytes in fish exposed to acute hypoxia. In this study, significant up-regulation in expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 gene appeared to be involved in the redistribution of leukocytes in rainbow trout. This is the first study to demonstrate the involvement of cytokines in leukocyte trafficking in fish exposed to hypoxia. It will help us understand systemic physiological changes and mechanisms involved in teleost under hypoxic stress.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.595-604
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (TRP) supplementation (43.4 mg of L-tryptophan kg^-1 body weigt [BW]) for 65 days in Hanwoo steers on muscle development related to gene expressions and adipose tissue catabolism and fatty acid transportation in longissimus dorsi muscles. Eight Hanwoo steers (initial BW = 424.6 kg [SD 42.3]; 477 days old [SD 4.8]) were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 4) of control and treatment and were supplied with total mixed ration (TMR). The treatment group was fed with 15 g of rumen-protected TRP (0.1% of TMR as-fed basis equal to 43.4 mg of TRP kg^-1 BW) once a day at 0800 h as top-dressed to TMR. Blood samples were collected 3 times, at 0, 5, and 10 weeks of the experiment, for assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters. For gene study, the longissimus dorsi muscle samples (12 to 13 ribs, approximately 2 g) were collected from each individual by biopsy at end of the study (10 weeks). Growth performance parameters including final BW, average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio, were not different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Hematological parameters including granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, red blood cell, hematocrit, and white blood cell showed no difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups except for hemoglobin (p = 0.025), which was higher in the treatment than in the control group. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinase, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglyceride also showed no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Gene expression related to muscle development (Myogenic factor 6 [MYF6], myogenine [MyoG]), adipose tissue catabolism (lipoprotein lipase [LPL]), and fatty acid transformation indicator (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4]) were increased in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Collectively, supplementation of TRP (65 days in this study) promotes muscle development and increases the ability of the animals to catabolize and transport fat in muscles due to an increase in expressions of MYF6, MyoG, FABP4, and LPL gene.