• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

Following the recent privatization of the UK railway system there has been an increase in the volume of rail freight. It. Influential factors include the problem of road congestion, and policies towards increasing grants. With a focus on grants (government subsidies), this paper examines changes in rail freight, and the tasks facing the UK railway. I attempt to explain recent trends in rail freight grants and changes that have positively influenced the rail freight. In particular, I demonstrate the trends in rail freight and scheme which link the government and industry. Moreover, I explain the grants scheme and method of calculation, concisely. Finally I reveal the characteristics of UK rail grants scheme. In this paper, I argue that grants have played an important role of in the development of freight and that rail freight is more environment friendly than road transport. This paper have a many important aspects. Namely, an account of the introduction of the grant scheme of UK. Also, I explore the method of calculation of these grants. It will give some lessons for Korea rail. In conclusion, I note some suggestions and those problems which impede the freight transport. In future, the problems of some of these problems should be addressed, For example, the lack of infrastructure and development of an adequate train time schedule in case of rail freight have to be improved.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

Block Grants System to the agriculture sector has been started from 2010. This paper has been studied for the effective Integrated Rural Development under Block Grants System. For this, project evaluation items and indicators (PEI) were studied by internal and external example and specialist questionnaire on project evaluation. As the result of study, necessity of project, faith of project, efficiency of project, utilization of resources and operating capability were established in planning step, and most important PEI was established the necessity of project. And in enforcement step, performance result, monitering, capability, achievement and maintenance were established, and most important PEI was established performance results. Finally, monitering, capability, achievement and maintenance were established in completion step.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.151-175
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• 1999

This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements for basic research. We investigated financial management policies of funding agencies and foundations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Japan and Korea. Also we surveyed opinions of researchers and research fund administrators in Korean universities. Based on our review of funding agencies and our survey, the recommended management policies for grants and cooperative agreements are as follows: (1) Cost Structure. Cost of a sponsored agreement is comprised of the allowable direct costs and allocable portion of the allowable indirect costs. Direct costs can be further divided into salaries and wages, equipment, and other direct costs. (2) Salaries and Wages. Salaries and wages applied to a grant are paid for services rendered to the project during the period of performance of the particular agreement. In order to give researchers financial incentive, researcher allowance can be paid up to 30% of his/her regular salary. (3) Equipment. Any property purchased with grants which has an acquisition cost of 5,000,000 won or more per item and a normal life expectancy of two years or more is defined as equipment. Expenditures for special purpose equipment are allowable provided the acquisition of items is necessary for the research supported by the grant. (4) Other Direct Costs. Other direct costs are comprised of travel (both domestic and foreign), materials, other costs. Other costs may not exceed 30% of total other direct costs. (5) Indirect Costs. Since there is no clear consensus on indirect costs and additional budget is necessary to support actual indirect costs, the practical policy at the moment is to give a research support expense in lieu of indirect costs. In the future, however, some form of actual indirect costs should be supported. This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology. This research can be applied to other governmental agencies to give consistency and uniformity in administration of grants and cooperative agreements.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2013

Because consumers tend to have negative opinion about a company that neglects social issues like poverty or pollution while it focuses on its own profit, a lot of companies have invested their resources in Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR). CSR has merits of image improving and profit gaining, on the other hand, it has also many shortcomings. First, the cost of CSR may become a heavy financial burden. Specifically, CSR tends to be implemented by a company's unilateral backup, and then this may impose a heavy burden on the company. Second, one cannot expect effects of CSR in a short-term. Because of these shortcomings, the unilateral CSR has gone into alteration of the type of CSR since 1980's. Instead of unilaterality, Cause-Related Marketing(CRM) began to be used for mutual profits among company, consumers, and society. That is, CRM has become to be spotlighted as a new type of CSR. It focuses on partnership between a company and consumers based on cause and mutual profit pursuing through this partnership. So, many contemporary companies prefer CRM activities that derive their positive corporate image, that increase their sales, and that reduce their financial cost. The IBM Matching Grants Program, which is the largest of the IBM-Employee partnership programs, is a typical CRM. This program enables employees and retirees to increase the value of their donations to educational institutions, hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, and cultural & environmental organizations with a matching gift from IBM. Hundreds of educational institutions and thousands of nonprofit organizations have benefited from the contributions by IBM. There might be various types of matching grants. For example, an employee might choose a lump-sum expense or partitioning a lump-sum into a series of small ongoing expenses for his (or her) donation, and a firm might match the employee's total contribution with a lump-sum expense or might match the employee's total contribution with a series of small ongoing expenses. However, it is not easy to find an academic research on which type of matching grant is preferred by employees. This paper shows that an employee prefers the type of matching grants that consists of a lump-sum expense for his (or her) contribution and a series of small ongoing expenses for a firm's contribution [or the type of matching grants that consists of a series of small ongoing expenses for an employee's contribution and a lump-sum expense for a firm's contribution] to the other types of matching grants.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.435-463
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• 2012

This study is a case study focusing on the residents' participation and satisfaction in the promotion of rural development projects under the Block Grants System in Buyeo. Along with changes in the way to support rural development projects, it requires the autonomy, responsibility, creative planning etc. in the municipal governments and the active participation of local residents for the effective development in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to suggest some policy implications by analyzing the relationship between the level of participation of local residents and residents' satisfaction in rural development projects. This study explained the background and characteristics of rural development projects under the Block Grants System, and also reviewed the theoretical literature on the residents' participation and satisfaction, including the survey of the local residents. For this study, we selected some variables, and then divided into the participating groups such as the resident representatives, the development committee and the local residents. Finally, using statistical method we analyzed the level of participation and satisfaction of the local residents in rural areas.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

Objectives : This study presents comparison results of the correlations between ODA grants and health indicators among 23 countries in Asia. Methods : Data from 2005~2013 were collected through the World Development Indicator (WDI) provided by the World Bank (WB). The health-related variables used in this study included the maternal mortality ratio, infant mortality rate under five, infant mortality rate, incidence of tuberculosis, and prevalence of AIDS. Results : Based on the results, there were positive correlations between ODA grants and health indicators, which means that the overall ODA grants would drop when the health indicators improved. As for differences in the health indicators by income groups among the countries, there were differences in the maternal mortality ratio, infant mortality rate under five, infant mortality rate, and overall ODA grants. The maternal mortality ratio, infant mortality rate under five, and infant mortality rate were lower in the order of upper middle, lower middle, and poorest income countries. Conclusions : The findings raise a need for the integrated and horizontal development of Goals 4, 5 and 6 of MDGs in the ODA projects of health sector in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2019

대학의 중요한 성과 중 하나로서, 연구비 규모는 각 대학의 경쟁력을 나타내는 지표라고 할 수 있다. 지금까지 연구비는 연구 성과를 위한 투입변수로 인식되어온 경향이 강하여 대학의 연구비 규모에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 연구과제 수주 및 연구비 관리에 있어서 소수의 선행연구는 대학의 연구 역량에 초점을 두었으나, 산학협력단의 지원과 관리 수준을 고려할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 산학협력단의 관리역량이 대학의 연구비에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인인지 분석하였다. 연구 목적을 위하여 2016년부터 2018년까지 194개 4년제 대학의 패널 자료를 구성하였다. Driscoll & Kraay 표준 오차 모형(DKSE)으로 추정한 결과에 따르면 산학협력교수의 비율, 국내외 논문실적과 연구원 규모가 클수록 외부 연구비가 늘어나는 반면, 2년 미만 재직한 산학협력단 직원 비율이 높을수록 외부 연구비 규모가 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 종속변수를 전체 연구비로 측정하는 경우에는 다른 변수들의 긍정적인 영향력은 변화가 없는 대신 경력이 짧은 산학협력단 직원 비율의 부정적인 효과는 사라졌고 연구 기획 및 관리 직원 비율과 산학협력단의 규모가 부정적인 요소로 나타났다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The regional development methods, which had carried out in the rural area had many legal and systematic problems in establishing plans for the region itself, and in finding and practicing various business. Recently, new government revised the budget system and introduced the block grants system to overcome this limitation. Due to this, plans and enforcements of subsequent rural development projects are expected be a significant change. The study suggests the 'theme cluster development' method for accomplishing the regional specialization and competitiveness and examines the procedure of application in practice through the regional development plan of Sunchang-gun, Jeonbuk province.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2018

This paper aims to identify the most effective mode of development finance flows for the economic growth of middle-income developing and least developed countries, separately. It also attempts to confirm whether governance has any significant role in the causal relationship between development finance flows and economic growth. Policymakers in each developing country should select the most effective modality of development finance inflows among the different modalities (such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) grants, Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans, FDI, and international personal remittances) and expand it for their economic growth. Dynamic panel regression models were used on 48 least developed countries and 89 middle-income developing countries, respectively, during the Millennium Development Era: 2000-2015. The empirical analysis results show that ODA grants and remittances were most effective in promoting economic growth for least developed countries, while FDI was most effective for middle-income developing countries. These findings were not affected by the status of governance of the individual country.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

본 연구는 가스보일러 CO 누출사고 경감방안에 관한 연구로서, CO 경보기 및 콘덴싱 보일러 의무화 설치 및 지원금 방법을 제시하였다. CO 중독을 예방하기 위해 CO 경보기를 의무 설치하여야 하며 현재 국산 CO 경보기의 가격이 약 4만원이며, 기초수급생활자 및 일반가정 400만 가구 대상으로 3 년 간 1,000억원의 금액이 소요됨을 제시하였다. 기초생활수급자 20만원, 일반가정 10만원, 400만 가구를 지원해주면, 3 년 간 5,000억원의 금액이 소요되며, 재정마련은 연간 100만대 판매되는 보일러를 콘덴싱 보일러로 의무화 시 년 간 약 2,000억원의 에너지 절감이 되며, 콘덴싱 보일러의 수명이 10년으로 했을 때 총 2조원의 에너지 절감비용이 생긴다. 그 중 6,000억원의 비용은 CO 경보기 및 콘덴싱 보일러 설치 지원비로 사용하며, 10년간 국내가스사고 CO 누출사고 50% 이상의 사고를 경감할 수 있을 것으로 제시하였다.