• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2016

We researched the modern meanings of traditional dining table courtesy education and its correlation with the main values of contemporary personality education based on dining table courtesy education stated in the social norms texts of the Joseon dynasty. Among the social norms of the Joseon dynasty, we chose Sohak, Naehun, Dongmongsuji, Seonghakjibyo, Gyeongmongyogyeol, Jeungbosallimgyeongje, Sasojeol, and Koamgahoon for research. As a result of our research on these documents and books, the modern meanings of the courtesy education at the dining table can be summarized as follow. First, the courtesy education has table manners appropriate for the development level of early children. Second, it teaches right-handed dining manners that match the features of Korean food culture. Third, it has the self-discipline and the values of community life, sharing, solicitude, and communication. Fourth, parents and grandparents are involved in the education. Fifth, it has the core values of modern personality education: manners, filial piety, respect, solicitude, communication, cooperation, and responsibility. Future courtesy education at the dining table should include practical education programs that can consolidate the bond of sympathy between the home, school, and society, and can improve its practice; in addition, to expand the opportunities for education, proactive social support is demanded.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

Three wood coffins of Chosun Dynasty period buried about 450 years ago were excavated in the sound condition in Andong area in the early 1998. The proprietors of wood coffins were grandparents, Mr. Myoung Jong Lee and Mrs. Mun, and their grandson, Mr. Eung Tae Lee, and the social standing of their family was known to belong to the nobility in those days by the clan genealogy. All the wood coffins investigated through light microscopy had same anatomical characteristics as follows: abrupt to somewhat abrupt tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood; normal longitudinal and horizontal resin canals with thin-walled epithelium; tylosoids in resin canals; bordered pits frequently in 1 row on radial walls of tracheids; 1 or 2 window-like pits per cross-field; uniseriate and fusiform rays; heterogeneous rays composed of body ray parenchyma cells and marginal ray tracheids or homgeneous rays composed of only ray tracheids; dentate ray tracheids; occasional trabeculae traversing tracheids in radial direction. Based on theses microscopic characteristics, all the wood coffins were identified to be Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) or Korean black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Korean black pine growing naturally in coastal area might not be probable because the site of excavation, Andong area, was mountainous and inland area of Korea Thus, Korean red pine was thought to be the possible species for the wood coffins because of its natural distribution through the Korean Peninsula and the easy availability.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.77-88
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of foster care of long-distance parents who meet their children on weekend and to examine the relationships among the separation anxiety and maternal guilt in foster care. The subject consisted of 138 employed mothers who are living separately with their children. The instruments used for this study were the Separation Anxiety Scale(Cho & Park,1992), the Maternal Guilt Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), the Parental Satisfaction Scale(Hyun & Cho,1994), and the Parental Stress Scale(Park,1994). The main results of this study were as followings: 1. Mothers had a tend to rely on family members expecially grandparents for foster care of their children. They usually have visited to meet their children weekend and made a phone call once a day. Parental satisfaction in foster care was reported to be moderately high level. 2. The subject’s separation anxiety was found to be high, and it was strong positive relationships to maternal guilt feeling in foster care. The results of this study have implications for both formal and informal support systems of employed mothers with children. The findings of this study may used as basis for understanding long-distance parents’problems in foster care, developing support programs, and public policy for employed mothers.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.36-52
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• 2017

In this study, we tried to understand preschooler clothing trends and identify the purchase behaviors of various consumers, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents, who are the main consumers of the preschooler clothing market. We conducted in-depth interviews with consumers who were interested in preschooler clothing, purchased it frequently, and bought preschooler clothing within the last three months. Their purchase motivations and purchase behaviors were analyzed through exploratory and inductive analysis. The analysis was conducted by integrating categories into one process centered on core categories through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study included that 1) a variety of clothing purchase behaviors appeared as a central phenomenon, 2) the causal conditions that contributed to this phenomenon were the buyers' childcare experiences, purchase experiences, the personal consumption values of individuals, and income levels, 3) in response to the central phenomenon, the parents' action/interaction strategies were acceptance and rejection of purchased clothing, 4) contextual and Intervening conditions affecting action/interaction strategy were family environment changes, the VIB (Very Important Baby) phenomenon, parents' clothing involvement, and the relationship with the buyers, and acceptance by the users, and 5) as a result of the strategy expressed as acceptance and rejection, various clothing behaviors emerged. In this study, we identified that there are various influencers, apart from parents, involved in children's clothing consumption. Therefore, we need to keep in mind that various purchase behaviors and clothing trends that appear during one's childhood may affect the individual's clothing behavior in the future.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

This study examined how the relationship between grandmother-adult child solidarity, caregiving satisfaction, and grandmother's child-rearing role varies according to the relation with the grandchild. Mediation effects and moderated mediation effects were analyzed to investigate the relationship between these variables. The participants were 295 grandmothers raising preschool-aged grandchildren in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS macro, performing correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The statistical significance of the indirect effect was examined using a bootstrapping procedure. The results are as follows. First, grandmother-adult child solidarity directly affects the grandmother's child-rearing role. Second, grandmother-adult child solidarity indirectly affects the grandmother's child-rearing role through caregiving satisfaction. Third, the direct and indirect effects of grandmother-adult child solidarity on the grandmother's child-rearing role are moderated by the relation with the grandchild. The direct effect of grandmother-adult child solidarity on grandmother's child-rearing role was therefore shown to be significant on the maternal grandmother. Fourth, the indirect effect of grandmother-adult child solidarity on the grandmother's child-rearing role through caregiving satisfaction was shown to be significant on the paternal grandmother. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to strengthen the capacity of co-parenting between grandparents and adult children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.105-122
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• 1998

This research investigated the relationships between families' environment, familism, and the agreement on the parent-child relations as depicted in Korean proverbs to find the change of the traditional values about parent-child relationships. The sample was comprised of 474 Korean married people. They were asked to rate the degree to which they agreed on the underlying value of each proverb. The data were collected through a mailed questionnaire and interview. The findings indicated that the responses of subjects varied as a function of families' environment and familism variables. More specifically, while the subjects living with extended family were more likely to rate the value toward children and daughter high, the subjects from nuclear family were more likely to express the affection toward children, to prefer boys, and to express child-rearing stress. In addition, the people who had lived with grandparents together tended to agree with the value of filial piety. The respondents from conservative surroundings were more likely to express the affection toward children and to prefer boys. The subjects from a rural community tended to prefer boys and to place high value on the authoritative control. The people who supported familism tended to express the affection toward children and child-rearing stress, to prefer boys, and to agree with the filial piety and authoritative control. But they tended to rate low on the value of children and daughter.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.56
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• pp.69-104
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• 2017

This research aims to understand in depth and contextually of the grandchildren 's growth with their grandparents. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with observation and documents and analyzed using life history approach. The life history method was based on Mandelbaum(1973)'s framework including 'life dimensions', 'turning points', and 'adaptations'. After the analysis, central themes in each domain emerge as follows; 'social prejudice', 'growing poverty', 'a painstaking smile', 'more polite and honest', and 'being alone' in life dimensions, 'parentless children', 'a painful memory, outcast', and 'going to college' in turning points, and 'a willing person, parents', 'a blessed person', 'self-reliance and scale of economic life', and 'diligence and inborn cheerfulness' in adaptations, respectively. Based on these results, several intervention strategies and implications for healthy growth of grandchildren.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.869-893
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of relationships with family on successful aging according to the four attachment style to children. 509 elderly people over 60 years old having a spouse, non-cohabitated children were included. The main findings through this study are as follows; First, secure and preoccupied attachment style were statistically higher than dismissing and fearful attachment style in successful aging and relationship with spouse, children and grandchildren. Second, total paths of research model were different according to the attachment style of the elderly. Model fit of secure attachment style was not good and the effects of relationships with family on successful aging were not statistically significant. In case of preoccupied attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with spouse on relationship with children was significant and the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with grandchildren mediates the effect of relationship with children on successful aging. In case of dismissing attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with grandchildren mediates the effect of relationship with children on successful aging. In case of fearful attachment style, the effect of relationship with spouse and grandchildren on successful aging were significant. Also the effect of relationship with spouse on relationship with children was significant and the effect of relationship with children on relationship with grandchildren was significant. Relationship with children mediates the effect of relationship with spouse on successful aging. This study explains the role of attachment styles as moderation variable of relationship with family on successful aging and also suggests the importance of marital and grandparents-grandchildren relationship as alternative supporter when the elderly has relational problems with adult children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.587-609
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting experiences among grandmothers raising their grandchildren from grandmothers' perspective, and a variety of their physical health, psychological and social challenges they were facing in everyday life. In addition, this study explored new issues, changes, and difficulties grandparents and their grandchildren were going through during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven grandmothers raising their grandchildren without their cohabiting parents participated in an in-depth interview, and the qualitative date were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Analyses identified 5 main categories: 1) my emotion, worries, and coping with parenting grandchildren, 2) difficulties and obstacles facing in real life of the parenting, 3) conflicts and coping with growing grandchildren who showed new characters, 4) relationships and emotions among grandparents, parents, and grandchildren, and 5) needs and desires toward social services and support. Sixteen themes and 60 sub-themes were also derived. The majority of grandmothers expressed diverse difficulties in their dail y lives including ambivalent emotions regarding grandchild-rearing(rewards and burden), economic hardships, physical health limitations, and a lack of communications with their grandchildren. Further, findings indicated profound generation conflicts which had been even deepened during school close period in COVID-19 pandemic and had been associated with increased hours of using internet and playing computer games. The top priority of the social service needs among interviewed grandmothers was learning support for their grandchildren. Emotional support and social support to cover their lack of family interactions, and financial support were the next of their desired social services. Implications to improve social services for grandparent-headed families are discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine what was the child's character education recognized by mothers of multicultural families and what was the actual conditions and needs of the child's character education at home through the in-depth interviews, and to suggest the efficient direction of the child's character education for mothers of multicultural families. The research participants were 6 mothers with children in multicultural families who lived in E city of Gangwon-do. The results of this study were as follows. First, as for the child's character education recognized by mothers of multicultural families, it was said to doing character education at home such as becoming a good person, becoming a child to listen to the parent's words and to reconcile with family, and becoming a child who was in harmony with friends. Second, as for the actual conditions of child's character education, they often used a control language such as "Do not, no", when children did not behave properly. In particular, there were some cases of using threatening words such as "taking you to the police station". Third, they hoped that various interests and support would be provided, such as not listening to "You are ill-behaved because you are in a multicultural family," receiving husband's educational support, receiving grandparents' support, and interests from the educational institution, etc.