• 제목/요약/키워드: Grain volumes

검색결과 17건 처리시간 0.029초

System Dynamics를 이용한 인천항 양곡화물 물동량 예측에 관한 연구 (Forecasting the Grain Volumes in Incheon Port Using System Dynamics)

  • 박성일;정현재;여기태
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.521-526
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    • 2012
  • 최근 FTA 체결로 인해 우리나라는 보다 효율적이고 효과적인 수출입 화물의 물동량 관리가 필요한 시점이다. 그 중 양곡화물은 우리나라 국민들의 식생활에 필요한 주요 화물이며 FTA 협정시 주요 수출입 화물로 지정된 바 있다. 일반적으로 양곡화물은 대부분 인천항을 통해 수출입되고 있어 본 연구에서는 인천항에 취급되는 양곡화물 물동량의 향후 수요에 대한 예측 연구를 진행하였다. 연구방법론은 시스템다이내믹스를 사용하였고 양곡화물 물동량에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 인구, 1인당 연간 양곡소비량, GDP, GRDP, 환율, BDI를 이용하였다. 본 연구모델의 시뮬레이션 기간은 2000년부터 2020년이며 2007년까지의 실제 데이터를 사용하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 2020년에 인천항에서 취급되는 양곡화물의 물동량은 약 2백만 톤으로 예측 되었으며 결과적으로 인천항에서 취급되는 양곡화물 물동량이 지속적으로 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 그리고 예측된 결과값의 정확도를 측정하기 위해 MAPE 검증을 실시하였으며 6.3%의 결과값을 얻어 매우 정확한 예측으로 판정되었다. 또한 양곡화물 물동량에 영향을 주는 각 요인들의 변동에 따라 양곡물동량에 미치는 요인을 살펴보았으며 인구가 양곡물동량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 환율은 거의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

인젝터 방식 및 촉매 알갱이 크기에 따른 과산화수소 단일추진제 추력기의 응답 특성 (The Response Characteristics of the Hydrogen Peroxide Monopropellant Thruster as Injector and Catalyst Grain Size)

  • 안성용;박대종;정승미;권세진
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2009
  • 과산화수소 단일추진제 추력기의 응답성에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 촉매베드의 특성을 배제하고 추력기 설계 인자에 따른 응답특성을 살펴보기 위해 $MnO_2$/$Al_2O_3$를 주 촉매로 고정하였다. 세 가지 50 N 급 추력기를 이용하여 인젝터 방식, ullage volume, 촉매 펠렛 크기, 반응기 부피에 따른 응답 속도를 측정하였다. 측정 결과 16-20 mesh 크기 촉매, shower head 인젝터를 사용한 경우 점화지연, 압력 상승 및 하강시간은 각각 14, 108, 94 ms로 상용 하이드라진 추력기 응답성에 근접한 특성을 보였다.

"임원십육지"의 곡물 조리가공(밥.죽)에 관한 문헌 비교 연구(I) (A Comparative Study on the Literature of the Cooking Product of Grain(Rice, Gruel) in Imwonshibyukji(I))

  • 김귀영;이춘자;박혜원
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.360-378
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    • 1998
  • Imwonshibyukji was a copying manuscript written around 1825, the 27th year of king Soonjo of the Josun Dynasty. It was a massive home encyclopedia of total 52 books and 100 volumes. The unpublished 'Jeongjoji' of its 17-20th volumes analyzed the cooking methods on the steamed rice and gruel and studied the degree of their usefulness and medical values in the light of the cooking process science. The cooking method on the steamed rice was composed of 14 items, and the general introduction outlined 6 kinds of the rice. These were all quoted from Chinese literatures. The 11 items present the methods on the general production of the rice, 2 on the cooking process, and 1 on the preservation. The main material of the rice was rice, and others were naked barley, prosomillet, foxtail millet, glutinous millet, etc. , and the secondary materials were glutinous rice, small red bean, black soybean, potato, bamboo seed, jujube, taro, gaertner, chestnut powder, persimmon power, julib(Zizania caduciflora), mangcho(Erigeron canadensis), namchok(Nandina domestica), licorice root, nitrous, peach, palmicha(schizandra, jinseng, cheonmoondong(Asparagus), and honey are mixed), etc. The literatures quoted in the rice were all 33, in which 23 were Chinese (69.7%) and 10 were Korean (30.3%). In the case of gruel, the cooking methods on the general gruel were described in 41 items, and on the gruel for a medical treatment were in 48 items, in which there was not a cooking method on the gruel but only its medical values were presented. The materials used for the general gruel were approximately 60 kinds: rice, glutinous rice, munbean, job's tears, rye, soybean, black sesame seed, antler of cervidae, chicken, crucian carp, and various medical materials, etc. The gruel was mainly used for protection and medical treatment, and partly for food for hungry people. The literatures quoted in the gruel were total 57, in which 26 were Korean(45.6%), and 31 were Chinese (54.4%). It can be their characteristics that Almost all of the Chinese literatures on the methods of the steamed rice and gruel do not exist.

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마(Dioscorea) 첨가가 우리밀과 수입밀을 이용한 식빵 품질특성에 미치는 효과 (Effects of Added Yam Powders on the Quality Characteristics of Yeast Leavened Pan Breads Made from Imported Wheat flour and Korean Wheat Flour)

  • 이선영;김창순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2001
  • This study investigated the quality characteristics of yeast breads with addition of hot air-dried yam powder (HDYP) and freeze-dried yam powder (FDYP), using several physical and sensory examinations. Breads were made of imported wheat flour (IWF) or Korean wheat flour (KWF). HDPY and FDYP were added to the bread formula at three levels of 3, 5, and 7%. The addition of yam powders required an increase of water absorption. As the addition of HDYP/FDYP increased, IWF dough stickiness increased and thus handling property became inferior to the control. Especially, handling property of KWF bread dough containing FDYP was most poor among the dough samples. With HDYP/FDYP, final volumes of bread made from IWF were similar to the control when 3~5% HDYPs were added whereas loaf volumes decreased significantly as the amount of added FDYP increased, indicating volume depressing effect. In bread scoring, texture scores increased when yam powders were added that hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness and guminess of KWF bread increased as the amounts of yam powders increased. The "L" value of IWF bread crumb decreased with the addition of yam powders. From sensory evaluation using acceptability scores, the results gave us that appearance, grain, texture, flavor, taste and overall acceptability of KWF bread could be more improved with the addition of yam powders than those of IWF bread.IWF bread.

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계면활성제를 이용한 토양내 유기오염물 (NAPL) 정화 방법의 연구

  • 이민희
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.96-98
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    • 2000
  • Column experiments were peformed to evaluate the efficiency of surfactant flushing for remediation of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the soil under controlled conditions. In column experiment less than 0.1 % of the original mass of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), remained in the column after 15 pore volumes of 1% sorbitan monooleate solution were passed through columns. To determine the influence of soil parameters that may affect the remediation process, column tests were repeated with different values of grain size, application rate, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, and solution viscosity (polymer mixed with surfactant). Experimental works suggest that surfactant flushing has a great potential to rapidly remove mass from NAPL in the soil.

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동충하초 첨가에 따른 증편의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Jeung-Pyun added with concentrations of Paecilomyces japonica powder)

  • 박금순;박찬성;최미애;김정숙;조현정
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.354-362
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    • 2003
  • 전통중편의 단백영양 보강을 위하여 동충하초를 첨가하여 증편의 이화학적, 기계적, 관능적 품질특성을 조사하였다. 동충하초 첨가량을 달리한 증편의 부피는 동충하초 첨가군이 대조군에 비해 증가하였고 pH는 동충하초 5%첨가 증편이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 수분은 대조군에 비해 첨가군의 수분 함량이 낮았고 (p<.001) 동충하초 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 아미노산 함량은 대조군보다 동충하초 첨가군이 높았으며 필수아미노산을 골고루 함유하고 특히 Leucine, Phenylalanine, Arginine이 높았다. 동충하초첨가 증편의 texture변화에서 색도 중 L값은 대조군에 비해 동충하초 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며 반면에 a, b값은 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. texture 측정에서는 껌성은 5% 첨가군이 낮게 나타났고, brittlenes는 7% 첨가군이 대조군과 다른 첨가군중에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사에서 texture에서는 웅집성이 5% 첨가군, 탄력성은 3% 첨가군이 가장 높게 평가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. flavor에서 stale grain flavor과 bitterness는 동충하초 첨가량을 증가시킬수록 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 동충하초 증편의 제조에서 이화학적 특성, 기계적 특성, 관능적 특성을 종합했을 때 동충하초 농도를 3%, 5% 첨가시 최적농도임을 도출해 내고 품질이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

Nb 첨가 저합금강의 상변태를 이용한 석출물 정량분석 (Quantitative analysis of Precipitate Using Transformation in Nb Added Low Carbon Steels)

  • 강훈철;이승호;김남수;이경종
    • 열처리공학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2003
  • In Nb, V and Ti added steels, carbo-nitrides are formed due to their strong interaction with C and N. The formation of carbo-nitrides has an important role to control the microstructure as well as mechanical properties by grain size refinement and precipitation hardening. However, the quantitative analysis of distribution of precipitates and the effect of precipitates on the phase transformation and mechanical properties are still far from satisfactory. In this study, the quantitative analysis of precipitates in austenite was investigated using the fact that the formation of precipitates in Nb, V and Ti added steels accelerates austenite/ferrite transformation. The formation of precipitates was controlled by adjusting holding temperature and time in austenite region, transformed Volume fractions were measured by dilatometer during slow cooling, Iso-precipitation kinetics were determined by comparing 5% and 50% volumes transformed at various conditions respectively. The result was compared with the calculated.

Substitution Effect of Fluorine on $HoBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}F_y(0.0{\leq}y{\leq}0.5)$ Superconductors

  • Park, Jong Sik;Kim Seong Han;Kim, Hong Seok;Cho Seung Koo;Kim Keu Hong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.131-135
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    • 1992
  • High-Tc superconducting materials, $HoBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}F_y$ with $0.0{\leq}y{\leq}0.5$, were synthesized by ceramic method and studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and resistivity measurement. From the X-ray diffraction data, it was found that the samples had only single phase of which lattice volumes were decreased in proportional to the amount of fluorine, which indicated that the relatively small fluorine atoms are effectively substituted for the oxygen sites. Also, an anomalous phenomenon appeared that the peak intensities of (001) planes were greatly increased as fluorine contents increased. SEM photographs revealed that the grain sizes were enlarged progressively with fluorine contents. This fact could be explained along with DTA & TGA data that the incorporation of fluorine gave rise to lowering the melting point. Tc decreased as the incorporation of fluorine content increased. This implies that the superconducting electrons are perturbed due to the substitution of electronegative fluorine atom.

Optimal Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Method for High Quality Bread Wheat Production

  • Han-yong Jeong;Yulim Kim;Chuloh Cho;Jinhee Park;Chon-Sik Kang;Jong-Min Ko;Jiyoung Shon
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.61-61
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    • 2022
  • For high quality bread wheat production in Korea, it is necessary to develop optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer methods. For optimal N fertilizer, we evaluated the alteration of growth, yield, yield components and end-use qualities according to the treatment of N fertilizer amounts and timings at heading stages. Growth, yield, yield components, and end-use quality weren't altered by various timings of N fertilizer treatment conditions whereas, 1,000 grain weight and lodging degree was increased by increasing amounts of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 days after heading (7 DAH). Especially, lodging degree was significantly increased by 6kg/10a of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 DAH. The flour protein contents increased by various amounts of N fertilizer treatment conditions. However, SDS-sedimentation and bread loaf volumes were decreased by exceeding 6kg/10a of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 DAH. When considering the quality of bread, 6kg/10a N fertilizer treatment is best, but 3kg/10a N fertilizer treatment is more suitable for both quality and lodging at 7 DAH. Therefore, it is preferable to fertilize 3kg/10a of nitrogen at 7 DAH in addition to standard fertilizer when cultivate bread wheat.

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한국형 찐빵 제조에 적합한 시판 밀가루 품질 밑 적정 제빵 조건 (Commercial Wheat Flour Quality and Bread Making Conditions for Korean-style Steamed Bread)

  • 김창순;황철명;송양순;김혁일;정동진;한재홍
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.1120-1128
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    • 2001
  • 한국형 찐빵 품질에 적합한 시중 밀가루 품질과 발효 시간 (0~60분) 및 첨가 재료(베이킹파우더, 쇼트닝)가 찐빵 품질에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 박력분(LF), 중력분(MF), 강력 분(HF)과. 박력분과 강력분(HLF) 혹은 박력분과 중력분 (HMF)을 각각 동량 혼합한 것을 포함한 5종의 밀가루를 사용하여 밀가루 반죽 물성과 빵 품질을 비교하였다. 사용된 밀가루의 단백질 함량은 8.17.~12.52%, 회분은 0.38 ~ 0.41% 범위에 있으며 찐빵은 오븐에서 굽는 roll bread와는 다르게 1차 발효 과정을 생략한 제조 조건에서 찐빵 품질이 가장 우수하였고, 찐빵 제조에 요구되는 밀가루는 반죽 강도가 강한 강력분에 가까운 밀가루보다 단백질 함량이 9.5 ~ 10.9%, 범위의 반죽 강도가 중간 정도인 시중 밀가루가 찐빵 제조에 적합하였다. 찐빵 제조에 베이킹파우더 1.0~1.5%, 쇼트닝 5 ~ 7% 첨가로 빵 부피, 빵 모양, bread score, 조직감 등이 향상되었다. 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높았던 찐빵은 강력분과 박력분을 동량 혼합한 혼합분(단백질 10.53%)으로 만든 것으로 빵 껍질이 매끄럽고, 광택이 있고 희었으며, 촉감은 촉촉하고 부드러웠다. 시중 밀가루 품질과 빵 품질과의 상관성은 ro11 bread와 찐빵에서 다르게 나타났는데 roll bread의 빵 부피나 total bread score는 단백질 함량과 farinograph 반죽 물성이 모두 관련이 있었으나 찐빵의 경우 단백질 함량은 빵 부피에 영향을 미치지 않았고 새심 bread score는 단백질 보다 반죽 안정도와 상관성이 더 높았으며 빵 표면 특성은 반죽 형성 시간과 호화 점도에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

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