• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 1995

0.36[wt%l $SiO_{2}$ and 0.1[wt%] $H_{3}$B $O_{3}$ were added to strontium ferrite magnets of the magnetoplumbite phase SrO.5.7F $e_{2}$ $O_{3}$ to hinder grain growth and accelerate sintering, respectively. This experiment was carried out to investigate effect of particle size distribution as a function of milling time(20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 hours) on the magnetic properties of SrO.5.7F $e_{2}$ $O_{3}$ ferrite magnet. The B-H curve, density and the degree of orientation were measured. And the microstructure of ferrite magnets was examined with a SEM. The optimal conditions and properties of the typical sample are the following : The milling time was 60 hours. Magnetic and physical properties are $B_{r}$=4, 000[G], $_{b}$ $H_{c}$=3, 330[Oe], (BH)max=3.786[MGOe], $_{I}$ $H_{c}$=3, 525[Oe], density=5.0063[g/c $m^{3}$] and orientation factor f=0.813.0.813.3.3.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

In this study, nano-sized NiCuZn-ferrites for the multi-layered chip inductor application were prepared by a coprecipitation method and its electromagnetic properties were analyzed. Also, the property of low temperature sintering were studied with the initial heat treatment of powder.$(Ni_{0.4-x}Cu_xZn_{0.60})_{1+w}(Fe_2O_4)_{1-w}$ (x=0.2, w=0.03) were calcined at $300^{circ}C~750^{circ}C.$ The sintered NiCuZn-ferrites at $900^{\circ}C$ showed good apparent density $4.90g/cm^3,$ and magnetic properties of initial permeability 164 and quality factor 72. As the calcination temperature increase, the grain size of NiCuZn-ferrite increased with irregular grain distribution and its magnetic properties were deteriorated.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.250-252
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.260-262
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.306-316
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• 2013

Microstructure and fracture behavior of a multi-phase low-density steel were investigated. After hot-rolling and heat treatment, the microstructure of low-density steel was composed of coarse ferrite grains and elongated bands which include second phases such as austenite, martensite and ${\kappa}$-carbide depending on holding time during isothermal heat treatment. After tensile test, microcracks were observed at martensite or ${\kappa}$-carbide interface in the elongated bands. Coarse ferrite grains showed cleavage fracture behavior regardless of second phase. The cleavage fracture of ferrite could be attributed to their coarse grain size and solute atoms that increase ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of ferrite. Despite of the tendency of cleavage fracture in coarse ferrite grains, a specimen having coarse spheroidized ${\kappa}$-carbide particles in the elongated bands showed high total elongation of 30%. Thus, the easiness of plastic deformation in the elongated band seems to play an important role in retardation of cleavage crack formation in coarse ferrite grains.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.285-292
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• 1997

We have studied magnetoelectric effect with cobalt ferrite-Pb(Zr, Ti) $O_3$ composites made by solid state reaction. The maximum magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, $(dE/ dH)_{max}$, increased with longer sintering time and higher volume fraction of the cobalt ferrite. The magnetic field for $(dE/ dH)_{max}$ became lower with increasing the sintering time and decreasing the volume fraction of the cobalt ferrite. The phenomena were explained in terms of grain size change, mechanical coupling efficiency, easiness of magnetization and polarization. We obtained the highest magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 0.174V/cm-Oe, which is about 30% higher than the best value reported.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 1997

The effects of sintering temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the electromagnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrites were investigated. The grain increased with increasing temperature. The power loss at 100 kHz was decreased, while the power loss at 500 kHz was increased as the grain size increased with sintering temperature. Sintering with low oxygen partial pressure at 115$0^{\circ}C$ resulted in high density and initial permeability, and decreased the power loss at 100 kHz and 500 kHz. The oxygen partial pressure lower than 10-2 atm. during heating, significantly suppressed the hysteresis loss. However, the oxygen activity did not affect the grain size of sintered cores.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2021

This paper demonstrates the possible nondestructive analysis of iron artifacts' metallurgical characteristics using neutron imaging. Ancient kingdoms of the Korean Peninsula used a direct smelting process for ore smelting and iron bloom production; however, the use of iron blooms was difficult because of their low strength and purity. For reinforcement, iron ingots were produced through refining and forge welding, which then underwent various processes to create different iron goods. To demonstrate the potential analysis using neutron imaging, while ensuring artifacts' safety, a sand iron ingot (SI-I) produced using ancient traditional iron making techniques and a sand iron knife (SI-K) made of SI-I were selected. SI-I was cut into 9 cm², whereas the entirety of SI-K was preserved for analysis. SI-I was found to have an average grain size of 3 ㎛, with observed α-Fe (ferrite) and pearlite with a body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structure. SI-K had a grain size of 1-3 ㎛, α-Ferrite on its backside, and martensite with a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) structure on its blade. Results show that the sample's metallurgical characteristics can be identified through neutron imaging only, without losing any part of the valuable artifacts, indicating applicability to cultural artifacts requiring complete preservation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

Small amounts of additives such as mol % 0.13 NiO and mol % 0.01 $CaCO_3$were added to Cu-Zn-Mg ferrites. Basic composition of the Cu-Zn-Mg ferrites was $Cu_{Cu}$X/$Fe_{0.054}$ /$Zn_{0.486}$$Mg_{0.407}$ $Fe_{1.946}$ $O_4$(group A) and $Cu_{0.263}$$Fe_{0.027}$ $Zn_{0.503}$ $Mg_{0.262}$ $Fe_{1.973}$ $O_4$(group B). Specimens were sintered at different temperatures (1010, 1030, $1050^{\circ}C$) for 2 hours in air followed by an air cooling. Then, effects of various composition and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and the magnetic properties such as inductions, coercive forces, and initial permeabilities of the Cu-Zn-Mg ferrites were investigated. The average grain size increased with the increase of sintering temperature. The magnetic properties obtained from the aforementioned Cu-Zn-Mg ferrite specimens were 1,724 gauss for the maximum induction, 1.0 oersted for the coercive force, and 802 for the initial permeability. These magnetic properties indicated that the specimens could be utilized as the core of IFT (intermediate frequency transformer) and antenna in the amplitude modulation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.821-826
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• 2013

In the present study, the effects of various heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase ODS steels were investigated to enhance the high strength at elevated temperature. Dual phase ODS steels have been designed by the control of ferrite and austenite formers, i.e., Cr, W and Ni, C in Fe-based alloys. The ODS steels were fabricated by mechanical alloying and a hot isostatic pressing process. Heat treatments, including hot rolling-tempering and normalizing-tempering with air- and furnace-cooling, were carefully carried out. It was revealed that the grain size and oxide distributions of the ODS steels can be changed by heat treatment, which significantly affected the strengths at elevated temperature. Therefore, the high temperature strength of dual phase ODS steel can be enhanced by a proper heat treatment process with a good combination of ferrite grains, nano-oxide particles, and grain boundary sliding.