• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 1984

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the amount of water and several kinds of sweeteners on the texture such as grain appearance, softness, moistness, chewiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and elasticity of Backsulgi when one manufactures Backsulgi. Different amount of water of 30 ml, 60 ml and 90 ml/350 g of powdered rice and such sweetners as sugar, honey and syrup were employed for the experimental treatments. The evaluation of these results were dependent on statistical data of some scores that were obtained through sensory evaluation and Instron Universal Testing Machine. According to this sensory evaluation, the texture of Backsulgi was more affected by the change of water quantity than that of sweeteners. Judging from the results of Instron Universal Testing Machine, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in each treatment of the cohesiveness, elasticity and hardness of Backsulgi, but some statistically significant difference was observed in each treatment of the gumminess and chewiness of Backsulgi(p<0.05).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.553-560
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed value of Macol meal, which is one of the byproducts from the extraction of liquid syrup from barley grain, on lactating dairy cows. All of the lactating dairy cows feeding in eight dairy farms were used in feeding experiment and fed concentrates plus Macol meal 5Kg as wet basis. The milk yields and milk fit during the periods of 10 months were investigated and blood picture, blood chemistry and diseases occuring frequency before and after feeding Macol meal were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In the proximate compositions, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude as and nitrogen free extracts was 68.8%, 7.43%, 1.04%, 7.08%, 1.56% and 14.09% respectively. On the other hand, the contents of NDF, ADF and cellulose was 36.68%, 35.71% and 10.85%, as dry matter basis, respectively. 2. The daily milk yield per head was 22.84kg during two months before feeding Macol meal and 23.89 kg during the periods of ten months after feeding Macol meal. 3. The blood picture and blood chemistry were not affected by feeding Macol meal. 4. The diseases occuring frequency were not significantly affected by feeding Macol meal. from the results of this experiment it could be concluded that Macol meal can be used in lactating dairy cows rations without any adverse effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grain for sugar cane molasses (MO) or glucose syrup (GS) in the starter concentrate on performance and metabolism of dairy calves. Thirty-six individually housed Holstein male calves were blocked according to weight and date of birth and assigned to one of the starter feed treatments, during an 8 week study: i) starter containing 65% corn with no MO or GS (0MO); ii) starter containing 60% corn and 5% MO (5MO); iii) starter containing 55% corn and 10% MO (10MO); and iv) starter containing 60% corn and 5% GS (5GS). Animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (20 crude protein, 16 ether extract, 12.5% solids), divided in two meals (0700 and 1700 h). Starter and water were provided ad libitum. Starter intake and fecal score were monitored daily until animals were eight weeks old. Body weight and measurements (withers height, hip width and heart girth) were measured weekly before the morning feeding. From the second week of age, blood samples were collected weekly, 2 h after the morning feeding, for glucose, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate determination. Ruminal fluid was collected at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age using an oro-ruminal probe and a suction pump for determination of pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). At the end of the eighth week, animals were harvested to evaluate development of the proximal digestive tract. The composition of the starter did not affect (p>0.05) concentrate intake, weight gain, fecal score, blood parameters, and rumen development. However, treatment 5MO showed higher (p<0.05) total concentration of SCFAs, acetate and propionate than 0MO, and these treatments did not differ from 10MO and 5GS (p>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the replacement of corn by 5% or 10% sugar cane molasses or 5% GS on starter concentrate did not impact performance, however it has some positive effects on rumen fermentation which may be beneficial for calves with a developing rumen.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 사과의 이용성 증진과 새로운 전통식품의 소재화를 목적으로 최적조건을 설정하고자 전통적인 조청 제조공정에 사과를 첨가하여 품질특성(pH, 당고형분, 환원당, 포도당 당량, 총 페놀성 화합물, 색도, 유기산, 관능검사)을 측정하였다. 이를 위해서 사과와 멥쌀의 비, 사과의 성상과 투입단계에 따른 사과를 첨가한 조청을 예비실험을 통하여 제조하였으며, 사과즙액을 당화 전에 첨가한 조청(A)과 당화 후에 첨가한 조청(B), 사과청을 당화 후에 첨가한 조청(C)과 사과와 말티톨을 혼합하여 당화 후에 첨가한 조청(D)이다. 실험결과 pH는 식품공전의 엿류 규격기준(4.5～7.0) 범위에 모두 포함되었고, 사과즙액을 당화 전에 첨가한 조청인 A가 환원당 함량이 $68.10\pm6.71$%, 총 페놀성 화합물이 $7.36\pm0.85$ mg/g로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 당고형분 함량은 사과즙액을 당화 후에 첨가한 조청인 B가 $87.25\pm0.27$%로 가장 높게 측정되었으며, 포도당 당량은 사과청을 당화 후에 첨가한 조청인 C, 색도는 사과와 말티톨을 혼합하여 당화 후에 첨가한 조청인 D가 높게 측정되었다. 사과를 첨가한 조청의 유기산을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 주된 유기산은 malic acid였으며, A와 D에서 사과보다 많은 유기산이 함유되어 있는 것으로 보아 사과를 가공 처리한 후에도 유기산이 감소하지 않고 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 관능검사에서는 전체적으로 사과즙액을 첨가한 조청인 A가 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 사과를 첨가한 조청 제조 시 사과즙액을 당화 전에 첨가한 조청이 전체적인 기호도나 조청 고유의 품질에 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 사과가 갖는 장점 등을 조청에 적용할 수 있는 여러 가지 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권sup권
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• pp.9-21
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• 2007

This study aimed to assess the total sugar intake for Korean and to identify major food sources contributing to those food components. Korean adults aged over 20 years old from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2001 and 2002 were selected. The data were analyzed to obtain nationally and seasonally representative information on the health and nutritional status of the Korean. Forty food groups were used in identifying food sources of total sugar and energy intake. Total sugar contents of foods in the KNHANES data sets were estimated by food code matching technique with Release 18 of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Sample weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages were calculated using SAS and SUDAAN. The mean total sugar intake of the Korean was 60.3g in 2001, 40.9g in spring 2002, 45.7g in summer 2002, and 52.1g in fall 2002, which were 30-44% of intake of US people. Fresh fruit was identified as the most significant food source for total sugar intake in Korean population in all age groups and all seasons. The next major food sources following fresh fruits were candy/jelly/syrup/honey, coffee/coffee caream, vegetables, Kimchi, soft drinks, milk, fruit juice, cookie/cracker/cake, and vegetable juice/grain juice, which showed similar results through the seasons. While carbonated soft drink was the most significant food sources for total sugar or added sugar intakes for US people. The total sugar intakes were significantly higher in women, higher educational level, and residing in metropolitan area. As intake of total sugar increased, intakes of protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, Vit A, B1, B2, C, niacin showed significantly increased, while high intakes of added sugars showed low intakes of some micronutrients in the US people. Percentages of people who consumed nutrients below EAR were less in higher total sugar intake group than in lower intake group. From these results, we can conclude that the food consumption habits including the total sugar intake of Korean people seems relatively good so far. More reliable database of total sugar and added sugar composition tables in public domain should be established in the future, and also more researches about total sugar and added sugar for Koreans should be continued.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 파프리카 가루를 이용하여 단기속성 고추장을 제조 하였다. 고추장 제조 후 수분 함량, pH, 염도, 색도, Texture, 환원당, 아미노태 질소, 관능검사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 파프리카 가루를 이용한 고추장의 수분함량은 대조군이 26.31%, SP1 31.58%, SP2 31.40%, SP3 30.84%, SP4 24.08%를 나타냈다. pH 측정결과, 파프리카 가루 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 pH가 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.001). 염도는 4.87~5.22%의 범위를 나타내어 기존의 연구와 비교해 매우 낮은 식염 농도를 보였다. 색도 측정결과, L값은 SP3에서 28.01로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, a값, b값은 대조군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.001). 텍스쳐 측정결과, 견고성은 시료간의 유의적(p<0.001)인 차이를 보이며 대조군에서 205.50으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈고, SP3에서 106.53으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 부착성에서는 견고성과 반대로 대조군에서 -704.17으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈으며, SP3에서 -348.93으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 환원당은 SP1, SP2에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.01). 아미노태 질소 측정결과, SP1에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, SP4에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.001).기호도 검사결과, 외관과 향은 SP2에 서 가장 좋게 평가되었으나 유의적 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 질감 항목에서는 대조군과 SP1, SP2에서 가장 좋게 평가되었으며(p<0.05), 전체적 기호도 에서는 SP2가 가장 좋은 기호도를 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이상의 결과, 파프리카 가루 200g, 콩 가루 150g, 조청 600g, 물 500g, 소금 75g을 넣어 제조한 SP2이 전반적으로 높은 관능 기호도를 나타내어 고추장 제조에 가장 적합하다고 사료된다.