• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a wearable measurement system for monitoring rounded shoulders. The system contains a shoulder correction band and a stretch sensor that can correct and measure shoulder posture, respectively. The capacitance of the stretch sensor changes linearly according to changes in the shoulders. To verify measurement, a motion analysis system was used as the reference to compare the change in the rounded angles of the shoulders and the change in the stretch sensor's capacitance. The results indicated that there is a high correlation between the two changes and the system can be used as a monitoring device for rounded shoulders.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.778-781
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• 2002

In this paper, we designed the anti-fuse program circuit, and there are an anti-fuse program/sense/latch circuit, a negative voltage generator, power-up circuit and etc. in this circuit. An output voltage of a negative voltage generator is about -4,51V. We detected certainly it regardless of simulation result power rise time or temperature change to detect the anti-fuse program state of an anti-fuse program/sense/latch circuit and were able to know what performed a steady action. And as a result of having done a simulation while will change a resistance value voluntarily in order to check an anti-fuse resistance characteristic of this circuit oneself, it recognized as a programmed anti-fuse until 23k$\Omega$, and we were able to know that this circuit was a lot of margin than general anti-fuse resistance 500$\Omega$. Therefore, the anti-fuse program circuit of this study showed that was able to apply for configuration of the programmable logic device.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.623-630
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• 2008

A non-instrumental immunochromatographic (ICG) strip-test and direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DC-ELISA) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination were developed and optimized. The detection limits of ICG strip-test and DC-ELISA were 0.5 and 0.004 ng/mL, respectively, and these methods possessed a cross-reaction to aflatoxins. The results of spiked samples by both methods were coincided with the amount spiked AFB1 and the comparative analyses of 172 real samples by 2 immunoassays and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed a good agreement. Especially, the ICG strip-test is easier to perform and quicker, but less sensitivity than DC-ELISA. Both methods could analyze a high sample throughput with short time, but the sample throughput of ICG strip-test was better. Therefore, the ICG strip-test can be used as a simple, easy, non-instrumental, and fast screening technique for AFB1 determination.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1629-1637
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• 2007

An immunochromatography (ICG) strip test using a nanocolloidal gold-antibody probe was developed and optimized for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A monoclonal antibody specific to AFB1 was produced from the cloned hybridoma cell (AF78), coupled with nanocolloidal gold, and distributed on the conjugate pad of the ICG strip test. The visual detection limit of the ICG strip test was 0.5 ng/ml, and this method showed a cross-reaction to aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2. In total, 172 grain and feed samples were collected and analyzed by both the ICG strip test and HPLC. The results of the ICG strip test showed a good agreement with those obtained by HPLC. These results indicated that the ICG strip test has a potential use as a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for the determination of AFB1 in real samples and could be applied to the preliminary screening of mycotoxin in food and agricultural products, generating results within 15 min without complicated steps.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1105-1108
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• 2014

We investigated whether Bacillus spp., newly isolated from Korean traditional food resources, influence the resistance of hosts to foodborne pathogens, by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a surrogate host model. Initially, we selected 20 Bacillus spp. that possess antimicrobial activity against various foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. Among the selected strains, six strains of Bacillus spp. used in preconditioning significantly prolonged the survival of nematodes exposed to S. aureus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all six strains were identified as B. licheniformis. Our findings suggest that preconditioning with B. licheniformis may modulate the host defense response against S. aureus.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: We examined the association between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea, 2004 to 2010. Methods: We used social expenditure data of 230 local governments during 2004 to 2010 from the Social Expenditure Database prepared by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Fixed effect panel data regression analysis was adopted to look for associations between social expenditures and age-standardized mortality and the premature death index. Results: Social expenditures of local governments per capita was not significantly associated with standardized mortality but was associated with the premature death index (decline of 1.0 [for males] and 0.5 [for females] for each expenditure of 100 000 Korean won, i.e., approximately 100 US dollar). As an index of the voluntary effort of local governments, the self-managed project ratio was associated with a decline in the standardized mortality in females (decline of 0.4 for each increase of 1%). The share of health care was not significant. Conclusions: There were associations between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea. In particular, social expenditures per capita were significantly associated with a decline in premature death. However, the voluntary efforts of local governments were not significantly related to the decline in premature death.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.565-574
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• 2021

Astrocytes are activated in response to brain damage. Here, we found that expression of Kir4.1, a major potassium channel in astrocytes, is increased in activated astrocytes in the injured brain together with upregulation of the neural stem cell markers, Sox2 and Nestin. Expression of Kir4.1 was also increased together with that of Nestin and Sox2 in neurospheres formed from dissociated P7 mouse brains. Using the Kir4.1 blocker BaCl₂ to determine whether Kir4.1 is involved in acquisition of stemness, we found that inhibition of Kir4.1 activity caused a concentration-dependent increase in sphere size and Sox2 levels, but had little effect on Nestin levels. Moreover, induction of differentiation of cultured neural stem cells by withdrawing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor from the culture medium caused a sharp initial increase in Kir4.1 expression followed by a decrease, whereas Sox2 and Nestin levels continuously decreased. Inhibition of Kir4.1 had no effect on expression levels of Sox2 or Nestin, or the astrocyte and neuron markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that Kir4.1 may control gain of stemness but not differentiation of stem cells.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.136-144
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The study objective was to evaluate the influence of the type of resin cement on the flexural strength and load to fracture of two chairside CADCAM materials after aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) and a nanoceramic resin (RNC) were used to produce the specimens. Two types of dual-cure resin cements, a self-adhesive and a universal, were investigated. Bilayer specimens were produced (n = 10) and aged for 6 months in a humid environment before the biaxial flexural strength test (σ_f). Bonded specimens were subjected to a mechanical aging protocol (50 N, 2 Hz, 37℃ water, 500,000 cycles) before the compressive load test (L_f). σ_f and L_f data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = .05). Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between failure mode and experimental group (α = .05). RESULTS. The type of resin cement and the interaction between factors had no effect on the σ_f and L_f of the specimens, while the type of restorative material was significant. RNC had higher σ_f and L_f than PICN. There was a significant association among the type of cracks identified for specimens tested in L_f and the restorative material. CONCLUSION. The type of resin cement had no effect on the flexural strength and load to fracture of the two investigated CAD-CAM chairside materials after aging.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.129-150
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to exame the effect of the planned indoctrination program on the role transition of new graduate nurses in one educational hospital located in Seoul. The planned in doctrination program was a 1-month program and consisted of 3 days induction and 22 days orientation- socialization. The simulated control group pretest-posttest research was designed for this study. One hundred and twenty subjects were selected from the new graduate nurses who were employed by the Seoul National Univerty Hospital. Sixty of them were assigned to the pretest, and the rest to the posttest. To collect the data on role transition, the researcher developed the instrument, measuring 3 differert areas : inducction, orientation, and socialization. The reliability of the instrument were induction area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .8291, orientation area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .9809, and soialization area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .8524. The data were collected from Aprial to October 1995 at three different times: (1) immediately before indoctrination program began, (2) immediately after the program ended, and (3) 2 months after the program ended. In addition to the self-report of the subjects, their superiors filled out the same instrument on role transition to compare the scores between the subjects and their superiors at 2 months after the program. T-test was utilized to test differences between the means of pre- and post-tests. The result of this study are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in the mean scores between before and immediately after the indoctrination program (t=-12.65, P=.000). There were significant differences in all 3 areas of role transition. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean scores between immediately after and 2 months after the program (t=-2.91, P=.004), Among 3 areas of role transition, however, only in the orientation area was there significant difference (t=-3.26, P=.001). 3. There was no significant difference in total mean scores between subjects' self-report and their superiors' report 2 months after the program ended (t =.97, p= .335). Among 3 different areas, however, there was a significant difference in the induction area (t=2.41, P=.018). 4. There was significant difference in mean scores between the group Of 3-year diploma and 4-year bachelor's degree only at pretest (t=-2.56, P= .013), but not at two posttests (t=-1.08, P=.250: t=-.34, P=.733). In conclusion, the planned indoctrination program for new graduate nurses was proved to be effective on the role transition in the study. But the result in the study showed that the indoctrination program had not equal effect On 3 different areas of role transition. There were significant differences in the scores between after and 2 months after the program only in the orientation area. These suggest that indoctrination program should be developed more focusing on induction and socialization areas to help new graduate nurses have a high morale and enthusiasm for the organization. Also contineous program to facilitate induction and socialization might be necessary for them to have a successful role transition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.4 s.33
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• pp.115-123
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• 2006

The direct payment program for rural landscape conservation in practice since 2005. Recently it is the policy or plan of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as they may help rural people who are very disadvantaged. This paper presents the status of the direct payment program for landscape conservation in rural area and proposed improvements to the program as following; 1) to diversify the plant species, 2) to include other rural elements than plants, 3) to enlarge the areas of crop plantation, 4) to simplify and clarify application process. We sampled two pilot programs, one of spring flower crop and the other of autumn flower crop, and questionnaire surveyed visitors, local government officers and farmers in order to find problems and suggest improvements.